Proto-Uralic/distribution: Difference between revisions
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* basic verbs: '''*elä-''' ¹ "to live", '''*kaĺa-''' "to disappear", '''*ńalə-''' "to lick", '''*ńälə-''' "to swallow", '''*puna-''' "to plait", '''*ujə-''' "to swim" | * basic verbs: '''*elä-''' ¹ "to live", '''*kaĺa-''' "to disappear", '''*ńalə-''' "to lick", '''*ńälə-''' "to swallow", '''*puna-''' "to plait", '''*ujə-''' "to swim" | ||
* body parts: '''*künčə''' ² "nail", '''*mëksa''' "liver", '''*sënə''' "vein", '''*sülə''' "bosom", '''*śilmä''' "eye", '''*śɜðäm(ə)''' "heart" | * body parts: '''*künčə''' ² "nail", '''*mëksa''' "liver", '''*sënə''' "vein", '''*sülə''' "bosom", '''*śilmä''' "eye", '''*śɜðäm(ə)''' "heart" | ||
* other nouns: '''*ëla''' "low", '''*ńëlə''' "arrow", '''*nimə''' "name", '''*pesä''' "nest", '''*purkə''' | * other nouns: '''*ëla''' "low", '''*ńëlə''' "arrow", '''*nimə''' "name", '''*pälä''' ³ "half", '''*pesä''' "nest", '''*purkə''' ⁴ "blizzard", '''#wäśkä''' "metal" | ||
* etc: '''*kuma-''' "overturned", '''#wittə''' "5" | * etc: '''*kuma-''' "overturned", '''#kɜk/ttA''' "2", '''#wittə''' "5" | ||
| | | | ||
# Mo. *eŕa- irregular | |||
# Smy. *kəčä irregular | |||
# S. *pealē irregular | |||
# Hu. ''forr'' "to boil" questionable | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Samoyedic | ! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Samoyedic | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
* numerals: '''*ńeljä''' "4", ''' | * numerals: '''#kormɜ''' "3", '''#kuwtə''' "6", '''*ńeljä''' "4", '''*śëta''' "100" | ||
* others: '''*jäŋə''' "ice", '''*jećə''' ¹ "soul", '''*kätə''' "hand", '''*keččä''' ² "ring", '''*kerə''' "skin", '''#kuwlə-''' "to hear", '''*sükśə''' "autumn", '''*wäkə''' "power", '''*werə''' "blood", '''*wɜðɜm''' "marrow" | * others: '''*jäŋə''' "ice", '''*jećə''' ¹ "soul", '''*kälä-''' "to wade", '''*kätə''' "hand", '''*keččä''' ² "ring", '''*kerə''' "skin", '''#kuwlə-''' "to hear", '''*tälwə''' "winter", '''*sükśə''' "autumn", '''*wäkə''' "power", '''*werə''' "blood", '''*wɜðɜm''' "marrow" | ||
| ¹ K. ''ać'' unclear | | ¹ K. ''ać'' unclear | ||
² Mo. ''či'' "sun" unclear | ² Mo. ''či'' "sun" unclear | ||
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! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Hungarian | ! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Hungarian | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''*wü/ilɜ''' "upper" | | '''*ĺëmə''' "bird cherry", '''*wü/ilɜ''' "upper" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Permic | ! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Permic | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''*muna''' "egg", '''*śinśä''' ¹ "inside" | | '''*kala''' "fish", '''*muna''' "egg", '''*śinśä''' ¹ "inside" | ||
| ¹ Kh. *ćuućii unclear | | ¹ Kh. *ćuućii unclear | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 43: | Line 45: | ||
! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Mordvinic | ! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Mordvinic | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''*kunśə'''(-) "(to) pee", '''*menə-''' "to go", '''#sɜja''' "sleeve"¹ | | '''*kunśə'''(-) "(to) pee", '''*menə-''' "to go", '''#sɜja''' "sleeve"¹, '''*śälə-''' "to cut" | ||
| ¹ F. ''hija'' unclear | | ¹ F. ''hija'' unclear | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 63: | Line 65: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Samic | ! Samic | ||
| '''*kuńa-''' "to blink" || '''*täwðə''' "full" (Ma. irreg.) || '''*sewə-''' "to eat" || || || || '''*wetə''' "water" | | '''*kuńa-''' "to blink" || '''*täwðə''' "full" (Ma. irreg.) || '''*sewə-''' "to eat" || || '''*pAnə-''' "to put" || || '''*wetə''' "water" | ||
| '''*kiwə''' "stone"<br/>'''*sula-''' "to melt" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Finnic | ! Finnic | ||
| style="background:lightgray"| | | style="background:lightgray"| | ||
| || || || || || | | || '''*ëńa''' "aunt" || '''*këččə''' "bitter"<br/>'''*ńërə''' "cartilage" || || || | ||
| '''*mälkə''' "breast"<br/>'''*peljä''' "ear" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Mordv. | ! Mordv. | ||
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgray"| | | colspan="2" style="background:lightgray"| | ||
| '''*mińä''' "dtr-in-law"<br/>'''*pura''' "bore" | | | '''*mińä''' "dtr-in-law"<br/>'''*pura''' "bore" | ||
| '''*ëppə''' "pa-in-law"<br/>'''*śowə''' "mouth" || '''*suxə-''' "to row"<br/>*sɜnśɜ- "to stand" || || '''*jɜxə-''' "to drink" | |||
| '''*puća-''' "to squeeze" (Ma. irreg.)<br/>'''*tärä''' "root" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Mari | ! Mari | ||
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgray"| | | colspan="3" style="background:lightgray"| | ||
| '''*nüðə''' "handle" (H. irreg.) | | '''*nüðə''' "handle" (H. irreg.)<br/>'''*pala''' "bit" | ||
| '''*ćäŋkə-''' "to cut" (Mo. irreg.)<br/>'''#kiśkä-''' "to rip"<br/>'''*kulə-''' "to run out"<br/>'''*näkə-''' "to see"<br/>'''*ü/ejə''' "night" | | '''*enä''' "big" (P. irreg.)<br/>'''*jëka-''' "to divide"<br/>'''*kälə''' "tongue"<br/>'''*mexə-''' "to sell" | ||
| '''*kulkə-''' "to go" || | |||
| '''*ćäŋkə-''' "to cut" (Mo. irreg.)<br/>'''#kiśkä-''' "to rip"<br/>'''*kulə-''' "to run out"<br/>'''*näkə-''' "to see"<br/>'''*śëlka''' "pole"<br/>'''*ü/ejə''' "night" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Permic | ! Permic | ||
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgray"| | | colspan="4" style="background:lightgray"| | ||
| '''*śüĺə'' "coal" || '''#wiŋü''' "son-in-law" (messy!) || || '''*pućka''' "shit" (F. irreg.) | | '''*kanta-''' "to carry"<br/>'''*sala-''' "to steal"<br/>'''*śüĺə'' "coal" || '''#wiŋü''' "son-in-law" (messy!) || || '''*pućka''' "shit" (F. irreg.)<br/>'''*wëlka-''' "to leave" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Hung. | ! Hung. | ||
| colspan="5" style="background:lightgray"| | | colspan="5" style="background:lightgray"| | ||
| || '''*śečä''' "uncle" | | | '''*ëkta-''' "to put" || '''*śečä''' "uncle" | ||
| '''#käjä''' "moth" (S. q:ble)<br/>'''*śepä''' "neck"<br/>'''*śëmə''' "scales"<br/>'''*śülkə''' "spit" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Mansi | ! Mansi | ||
| colspan="6" style="background:lightgray"| | | colspan="6" style="background:lightgray"| | ||
| '''te-''' "2PP"<br/>'''*tinä''' "2PS" || '''*pilwə''' "cloud" | | '''*kajwa-''' "to dig" (S. irreg.)<br/>'''te-''' "2PP"<br/>'''*tinä''' "2PS" || '''*pilwə''' "cloud" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Khanty | ! Khanty | ||
Revision as of 13:41, 5 November 2013
Word roots ordered by their distribution
- Ṃissing in 0-1 branches
| Found in all branches | |
|---|---|
|
|
| Found everywhere except Samoyedic | |
|
¹ K. ać unclear
² Mo. či "sun" unclear |
| Found everywhere except Khanty | |
| *lämə "broth" | |
| Found everywhere except Hungarian | |
| *ĺëmə "bird cherry", *wü/ilɜ "upper" | |
| Found everywhere except Permic | |
| *kala "fish", *muna "egg", *śinśä ¹ "inside" | ¹ Kh. *ćuućii unclear |
| Found everywhere except Mari | |
| *pelə- "to fear", *tulka ¹ "feather", *tu/üĺkA "prod", | ¹ F. *sulka?! |
| Found everywhere except Mordvinic | |
| *kunśə(-) "(to) pee", *menə- "to go", #sɜja "sleeve"¹, *śälə- "to cut" | ¹ F. hija unclear |
| Found everywhere except Finnic | |
| *ipsə/ä- "(to) smell", #sejə "pus" | ¹ Mo. unclear |
| Found everywhere except Samic | |
| *küńä "elbow", *piŋə ¹ "tooth" | ¹ Smy. *pəj "flint" unclear |
- Missing in 2 branches
| Finnic | Mordvinic | Mari | Permic | Hungarian | Mansi | Khanty | Samoyedic | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Samic | *kuńa- "to blink" | *täwðə "full" (Ma. irreg.) | *sewə- "to eat" | *pAnə- "to put" | *wetə "water" | *kiwə "stone" *sula- "to melt" | ||
| Finnic | *ëńa "aunt" | *këččə "bitter" *ńërə "cartilage" |
*mälkə "breast" *peljä "ear" | |||||
| Mordv. | *mińä "dtr-in-law" *pura "bore" |
*ëppə "pa-in-law" *śowə "mouth" |
*suxə- "to row" *sɜnśɜ- "to stand" |
*jɜxə- "to drink" | *puća- "to squeeze" (Ma. irreg.) *tärä "root" | |||
| Mari | *nüðə "handle" (H. irreg.) *pala "bit" |
*enä "big" (P. irreg.) *jëka- "to divide" *kälə "tongue" *mexə- "to sell" |
*kulkə- "to go" | *ćäŋkə- "to cut" (Mo. irreg.) #kiśkä- "to rip" *kulə- "to run out" *näkə- "to see" *śëlka "pole" *ü/ejə "night" | ||||
| Permic | '*kanta- "to carry" *sala- "to steal" *śüĺə "coal" |
#wiŋü "son-in-law" (messy!) | *pućka "shit" (F. irreg.) *wëlka- "to leave" | |||||
| Hung. | *ëkta- "to put" | *śečä "uncle" | #käjä "moth" (S. q:ble) *śepä "neck" *śëmə "scales" *śülkə "spit" | |||||
| Mansi | *kajwa- "to dig" (S. irreg.) te- "2PP" *tinä "2PS" |
*pilwə "cloud" | ||||||
| Khanty | *miŋä "behind" | |||||||
