Proto-Uralic/distribution: Difference between revisions

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==Word roots ordered by their distribution==
==Word roots ordered by their distribution==
;Ṃissing in 0-1 branches
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|-
|-
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|
|
* pronouns: '''*ku-''' "who", '''*me-''' "1PP", '''*mi-''' "what", '''*minä''' "1PS", '''*to''' "that"
* pronouns: '''*ku-''' "who", '''*me-''' "1PP", '''*mi-''' "what", '''*minä''' "1PS", '''*to''' "that"
* basic verbs: '''*kaĺa-''' "to disappear", '''*ńalə-''' "to lick", '''*ńälə-''' "to swallow", '''*puna-''' "to plait", '''*ujə-''' "to swim"
* basic verbs: '''*elä-''' ¹ "to live", '''*kaĺa-''' "to disappear", '''*ńalə-''' "to lick", '''*ńälə-''' "to swallow", '''*puna-''' "to plait", '''*ujə-''' "to swim"
* body parts: '''*mëksa''' "liver", '''*sënə''' "vein", '''*śilmä''' "eye", '''*śɜðäm(ə)''' "heart"
* body parts: '''*künčə''' ² "nail", '''*mëksa''' "liver", '''*sënə''' "vein", '''*sülə''' "bosom", '''*śilmä''' "eye", '''*śɜðäm(ə)''' "heart"
* other nouns: '''*ëla''' "low", '''*ńëlə''' "arrow", '''*nimə''' "name", '''*pesä''' "nest"
* other nouns: '''*ëla''' "low", '''*ńëlə''' "arrow", '''*nimə''' "name", '''*pesä''' "nest", '''*purkə''' ² "blizzard"
| according to Häkkinen '99
* etc: '''*kuma-''' "overturned", '''#wittə''' "5"
| ¹ Mo. *eŕa- irregular
² Smy. *kəčä irregular
³ Hu. ''forr'' "to boil" questionable
|-
|-
! Found everywhere except one branch
! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Samoyedic
|-
|-
|
* numerals: '''*ńeljä''' "4", '''#kuwtə''' "6"
* others: '''*jäŋə''' "ice", '''*jećə''' ¹ "soul", '''*kätə''' "hand", '''*keččä''' ² "ring", '''*kerə''' "skin", '''#kuwlə-''' "to hear", '''*sükśə''' "autumn", '''*wäkə''' "power", '''*werə''' "blood", '''*wɜðɜm''' "marrow"
| ¹ K. ''ać'' unclear
² Mo. ''či'' "sun" unclear
|-
! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Khanty
|-
| '''*lämə''' "broth"
|-
! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Hungarian
|-
| '''*wü/ilɜ''' "upper"
|-
! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Permic
|-
| '''*muna''' "egg", '''*śinśä''' ¹ "inside"
| ¹ Kh. *ćuućii unclear
|-
! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Mari
|-
| '''*pelə-''' "to fear", '''*tulka''' ¹ "feather", '''*tu/üĺkA''' "prod",
| ¹ F. ''*sulka''?!
|-
! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Mordvinic
|-
| '''*kunśə'''(-) "(to) pee", '''*menə-''' "to go", '''#sɜja''' "sleeve"¹
| ¹ F. ''hija'' unclear
|-
! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Finnic
|-
| '''*ipsə/ä-''' "(to) smell", '''#sejə''' "pus"
| ¹ Mo. unclear
|-
! colspan="2"| Found everywhere except Samic
|-
| '''*küńä''' "elbow", '''*piŋə''' ¹ "tooth"
| ¹ Smy. *pəj "flint" unclear
|}
;Missing in 2 branches
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! !! Finnic !! Mordvinic !! Mari !! Permic !! Hungarian !! Mansi !! Khanty !! Samoyedic
|-
! Samic
| '''*kuńa-''' "to blink" || '''*täwðə''' "full" (Ma. irreg.) || '''*sewə-''' "to eat" || || || || '''*wetə''' "water" || '''*kiwə''' "stone"<br/>'''*sula-''' "to melt"
|-
! Finnic
| style="background:lightgray"|
| || || || || || || '''*mälkə''' "breast"<br/>'''*peljä''' "ear"
|-
! Mordv.
| colspan="2" style="background:lightgray"|
| '''*mińä''' "dtr-in-law"<br/>'''*pura''' "bore" || '''*śowə''' "mouth" || '''*suxə-''' "to row" || || || '''*puća-''' "to squeeze" (Ma. irreg.)
|-
! Mari
| colspan="3" style="background:lightgray"|
| '''*nüðə''' "handle" (H. irreg.) || '''*enä''' "big" (P. irreg.)<br/>'''*kälə''' "tongue"<br/>'''*mexə-''' "to sell" || '''*kulkə-''' "to go" ||
| '''*ćäŋkə-''' "to cut" (Mo. irreg.)<br/>'''#kiśkä-''' "to rip"<br/>'''*kulə-''' "to run out"<br/>'''*näkə-''' "to see"<br/>'''*ü/ejə''' "night"
|-
! Permic
| colspan="4" style="background:lightgray"|
| '''*śüĺə'' "coal" || '''#wiŋü''' "son-in-law" (messy!) || || '''*pućka''' "shit" (F. irreg.)
|-
! Hung.
| colspan="5" style="background:lightgray"|
| || '''*śečä''' "uncle" || '''*śepä''' "neck"<br/>'''*śülkə''' "spit"
|-
! Mansi
| colspan="6" style="background:lightgray"|
| '''te-''' "2PP"<br/>'''*tinä''' "2PS" || '''*pilwə''' "cloud"
|-
! Khanty
| colspan="7" style="background:lightgray"|
| '''*miŋä''' "behind"
|}

Revision as of 13:14, 5 November 2013

Word roots ordered by their distribution

Ṃissing in 0-1 branches
Found in all branches
  • pronouns: *ku- "who", *me- "1PP", *mi- "what", *minä "1PS", *to "that"
  • basic verbs: *elä- ¹ "to live", *kaĺa- "to disappear", *ńalə- "to lick", *ńälə- "to swallow", *puna- "to plait", *ujə- "to swim"
  • body parts: *künčə ² "nail", *mëksa "liver", *sënə "vein", *sülə "bosom", *śilmä "eye", *śɜðäm(ə) "heart"
  • other nouns: *ëla "low", *ńëlə "arrow", *nimə "name", *pesä "nest", *purkə ² "blizzard"
  • etc: *kuma- "overturned", #wittə "5"
 ¹ Mo. *eŕa- irregular

² Smy. *kəčä irregular ³ Hu. forr "to boil" questionable

Found everywhere except Samoyedic
  • numerals: *ńeljä "4", #kuwtə "6"
  • others: *jäŋə "ice", *jećə ¹ "soul", *kätə "hand", *keččä ² "ring", *kerə "skin", #kuwlə- "to hear", *sükśə "autumn", *wäkə "power", *werə "blood", *wɜðɜm "marrow"
 ¹ K. ać unclear

² Mo. či "sun" unclear

Found everywhere except Khanty
*lämə "broth"
Found everywhere except Hungarian
*wü/ilɜ "upper"
Found everywhere except Permic
*muna "egg", *śinśä ¹ "inside" ¹ Kh. *ćuućii unclear
Found everywhere except Mari
*pelə- "to fear", *tulka ¹ "feather", *tu/üĺkA "prod", ¹ F. *sulka?!
Found everywhere except Mordvinic
*kunśə(-) "(to) pee", *menə- "to go", #sɜja "sleeve"¹ ¹ F. hija unclear
Found everywhere except Finnic
*ipsə/ä- "(to) smell", #sejə "pus" ¹ Mo. unclear
Found everywhere except Samic
*küńä "elbow", *piŋə ¹ "tooth" ¹ Smy. *pəj "flint" unclear
Missing in 2 branches
Finnic Mordvinic Mari Permic Hungarian Mansi Khanty Samoyedic
Samic *kuńa- "to blink" *täwðə "full" (Ma. irreg.) *sewə- "to eat" *wetə "water" *kiwə "stone"
*sula- "to melt"
Finnic *mälkə "breast"
*peljä "ear"
Mordv. *mińä "dtr-in-law"
*pura "bore"		 *śowə "mouth" *suxə- "to row" *puća- "to squeeze" (Ma. irreg.)
Mari *nüðə "handle" (H. irreg.) *enä "big" (P. irreg.)
*kälə "tongue"
*mexə- "to sell"		 *kulkə- "to go" *ćäŋkə- "to cut" (Mo. irreg.)
#kiśkä- "to rip"
*kulə- "to run out"
*näkə- "to see"
*ü/ejə "night"
Permic '*śüĺə "coal" #wiŋü "son-in-law" (messy!) *pućka "shit" (F. irreg.)
Hung. *śečä "uncle" *śepä "neck"
*śülkə "spit"
Mansi te- "2PP"
*tinä "2PS"		 *pilwə "cloud"
Khanty *miŋä "behind"
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