Proto-Razaric: Difference between revisions
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''Nouns'' in Proto-Razaric are either ''masculine'' or ''feminine''. The gender is not overtly marked on the noun, but a feminizing prefix '''*ma-''' exists: '''*radrel''' 'hunter', '''*maradrel''' 'huntress'. | ''Nouns'' in Proto-Razaric are either ''masculine'' or ''feminine''. The gender is not overtly marked on the noun, but a feminizing prefix '''*ma-''' exists: '''*radrel''' 'hunter', '''*maradrel''' 'huntress'. | ||
There is no ''case'' system; grammatical relations are expressed by word order (V-S-DO-IO), verb agreement (in person, number and if 3rd person, gender) with subject if intransitive, with object if monotransitive, with indirect object if ditransitive; and prepositions and relational nouns. | There is no ''case'' system; grammatical relations are expressed by word order (V-S-DO-IO), verb agreement (in person, number and if 3rd person, gender) with subject if intransitive, with object if monotransitive, with indirect object if ditransitive; and prepositions and relational nouns. A possessive relationship is simply expressed by placing the possessor after the possessum: '''*Mimir Razar''' 'the People of Razar, the Dwarves'. | ||
There is a sort of two-dimensional ''number'' system. The ''plural'' is expressed by the suffix '''*-tla''': '''*mir''' 'person', pl. '''*mirtla'''. The ''collective'' is marked by reduplication of the initial CV: '''*mimir''' 'people'. Collectives are grammatically singular, and can themselves be pluralized: '''*mimirtla''' 'peoples'. | There is a sort of two-dimensional ''number'' system. The ''plural'' is expressed by the suffix '''*-tla''': '''*mir''' 'person', pl. '''*mirtla'''. The ''collective'' is marked by reduplication of the initial CV: '''*mimir''' 'people'. Collectives are grammatically singular, and can themselves be pluralized: '''*mimirtla''' 'peoples'. | ||
There is a ''definite article'' preceding the noun: uninflecting '''*ta'''. | There is a ''definite article'' preceding the noun: uninflecting '''*ta'''. | ||
Revision as of 13:18, 28 October 2013
Proto-Razaric is the reconstructed common ancestor of the Razaric languages. It is estimated to have been spoken around 4000 BC.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sibilant | Flat | Lateral | |||||
| Nasals | *m | *n | *ng | ||||
| Voiceless stops | *p | *t | *k | ||||
| Voiced stops | *b | *d | *g | ||||
| Voiceless affricates | *ts | *tr | *tl | ||||
| Voiced affricates | *dz | *dr | *dl | ||||
| Voiceles continuants | *s | *rh | *lh | ||||
| Voiced continuants | *w | *z | *r | *l | *j | *3 | |
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | *i | *u | |
| Mid | *e | *o | |
| Low | *a |
Syllable structure
The maximal syllable structure is CVC. Affricates may not occur in codas, but all consonants may occur in onsets.
Accent
The accent falls on the first syllable of the word.
Morphology
Proto-Razaric is an agglutinating language with both prefixes and suffixes.
Root structure
A Proto-Razaric root has the shape CVC or CVCVC; in the latter case, both vowels are the same.
Nouns
Nouns in Proto-Razaric are either masculine or feminine. The gender is not overtly marked on the noun, but a feminizing prefix *ma- exists: *radrel 'hunter', *maradrel 'huntress'.
There is no case system; grammatical relations are expressed by word order (V-S-DO-IO), verb agreement (in person, number and if 3rd person, gender) with subject if intransitive, with object if monotransitive, with indirect object if ditransitive; and prepositions and relational nouns. A possessive relationship is simply expressed by placing the possessor after the possessum: *Mimir Razar 'the People of Razar, the Dwarves'.
There is a sort of two-dimensional number system. The plural is expressed by the suffix *-tla: *mir 'person', pl. *mirtla. The collective is marked by reduplication of the initial CV: *mimir 'people'. Collectives are grammatically singular, and can themselves be pluralized: *mimirtla 'peoples'.
There is a definite article preceding the noun: uninflecting *ta.
