Tilde: Difference between revisions
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The first use of tilde was in Ancient Greek, though in that context it's called circumflex. This diacritic was used for indicating pitch accent.<ref name=greek_tilde>[[Wikipedia:Tilde#Pitch|Tilde, Pitch]] at Wikipedia.</ref> In medieval times scribes used tildes above letters to indicate omissions. It could stand for an omitted Mm or Nn, though it could also stand for whole sequences of letters. Ññ comes from a digraph, Nn nn, as the tilde is essentially the same as a small Nn. Vowels with tilde in Portuguese have a similar origin.<ref name=tilde_origins>[[Wikipedia:Tilde|Tilde]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | |||
== Tilde in Unicode == | == Tilde in Unicode == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| Line 31: | Line 33: | ||
! Notes | ! Notes | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Change of [[Wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]] | | rowspan=2 | Change of [[Wikipedia:Place_of_articulation|place of articulation]] | ||
| [[Basque]], [[Spanish]] | | [[Basque]], [[Spanish]] | ||
| Ññ /ɲ/ | | Ññ /ɲ/ | ||
| Stems from an older Nn nn in Spanish. Basque borrowed the usage from Spanish. | | Stems from an older Nn nn in Spanish.<ref name=spanish_n_tilde>[[Wikipedia:Tilde#Palatal_n|Tilde, Palatal n]] at Wikipedia.</ref> Basque borrowed the usage from Spanish.<ref name=basque_n_tilde>[[Wikipedia:Ñ#Cross-linguistic_usage|Ñ, Cross-linguistic usage]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | ||
|- | |||
| [[Wikipedia:ISO_15919|ISO 15919]] romanization of Indic scripts | |||
| Ññ /ɲ/ | |||
| Ññ is used for transcribing the Indic diacritic [[Wikipedia:Anusvara|anusvāra]] before palatal consonants.<ref name=iso_15919>[[Wikipedia:ISO_15919#Comparison_with_UNRSGN_and_IAST|ISO 15919, Comparison with UNRSGN and IAST]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Wikipedia:Glottalization|Glottalized]] vowel | | [[Wikipedia:Glottalization|Glottalized]] vowel | ||
| Line 43: | Line 49: | ||
| [[Wikipedia:Nasalization|Nasalization]] | | [[Wikipedia:Nasalization|Nasalization]] | ||
| [[Wikipedia:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]] | | [[Wikipedia:Portuguese_language|Portuguese]] | ||
| Ãã, Õõ | | Ãã /ɐ̃/, Õõ /õ/ | ||
| They stem from older | | They stem from older Aᷠaᷠ, Oᷠoᷠ.<ref name=portuguese>[[Wikipedia:Tilde#Nasalization|Tilde, Nasalization]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Wikipedia:Roundedness|Unrounded vowel]] | | [[Wikipedia:Roundedness|Unrounded vowel]] | ||
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| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Other | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]] | | [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]] | ||
| Õõ /ɨ/, Ȭȭ /ɨː/ | | Õõ /ɨ/, Ȭȭ /ɨː/ | ||
Revision as of 05:42, 12 January 2015
The first use of tilde was in Ancient Greek, though in that context it's called circumflex. This diacritic was used for indicating pitch accent.[1] In medieval times scribes used tildes above letters to indicate omissions. It could stand for an omitted Mm or Nn, though it could also stand for whole sequences of letters. Ññ comes from a digraph, Nn nn, as the tilde is essentially the same as a small Nn. Vowels with tilde in Portuguese have a similar origin.[2]
Tilde in Unicode
| ~ | ˜ | ◌̃ | Ã | ã | Ẫ | ẫ | Ẵ | ẵ | Ẽ | ẽ | Ễ | ễ |
| U+007E | U+02DC | U+0303 | U+00C3 | U+00E3 | U+1EAA | U+1EAB | U+1EB4 | U+1EB5 | U+1EBC | U+1EBD | U+1EC4 | U+1EC5 |
| Tilde | Small Tilde | Combining Tilde | Latin Capital Letter A With Tilde | Latin Small Letter A With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde | Latin Small Letter A With Circumflex And Tilde | Latin Capital Letter A With Breve And Tilde | Latin Small Letter A With Breve And Tilde | Latin Capital Letter E With Tilde | Latin Small Letter E With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde | Latin Small Letter E With Circumflex And Tilde |
| Note: May be confused with swung dash, ⁓ (U+2053). | ||||||||||||
| Ĩ | ĩ | Ñ | ñ | Õ | õ | Ȭ | ȭ | Ṍ | ṍ | Ṏ | ṏ | Ỗ |
| U+0128 | U+0129 | U+00D1 | U+00F1 | U+00D5 | U+00F5 | U+022C | U+022D | U+1E4C | U+1E4D | U+1E4E | U+1E4F | U+1ED6 |
| Latin Capital Letter I With Tilde | Latin Small Letter I With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter N With Tilde | Latin Small Letter N With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde | Latin Small Letter O With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Macron | Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Macron | Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Acute | Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Acute | Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde |
| ỗ | Ỡ | ỡ | Ũ | ũ | Ṹ | ṹ | Ữ | ữ | Ṽ | ṽ | Ỹ | ỹ |
| U+1ED7 | U+1EE0 | U+1EE1 | U+0168 | U+0169 | U+1E78 | U+1E79 | U+1EEE | U+1EEF | U+1E7C | U+1E7D | U+1EF8 | U+1EF9 |
| Latin Small Letter O With Circumflex And Tilde | Latin Capital Letter O With Horn And Tilde | Latin Small Letter O With Horn And Tilde | Latin Capital Letter U With Tilde | Latin Small Letter U With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter U With Tilde And Acute | Latin Small Letter U With Tilde And Acute | Latin Capital Letter U With Horn And Tilde | Latin Small Letter U With Horn And Tilde | Latin Capital Letter V With Tilde | Latin Small Letter V With Tilde | Latin Capital Letter Y With Tilde | Latin Small Letter Y With Tilde |
Tilde in Natlangs
| Use | Language | Letters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Change of place of articulation | Basque, Spanish | Ññ /ɲ/ | Stems from an older Nn nn in Spanish.[3] Basque borrowed the usage from Spanish.[4] |
| ISO 15919 romanization of Indic scripts | Ññ /ɲ/ | Ññ is used for transcribing the Indic diacritic anusvāra before palatal consonants.[5] | |
| Glottalized vowel | Vietnamese | Ãã /aˀː˧˥/, Ẵẵ /aˀ˧˥/, Ẫẫ /əˀ˧˥/, Ẽẽ /ɛˀ˧˥/, Ễễ /eˀ˧˥/, Ĩĩ /iˀ˧˥/, Õõ /ɔˀ˧˥/, Ỗỗ /oˀ˧˥/, Ỡỡ /əˀː˧˥/, Ũũ /uˀ˧˥/, Ữữ /ɨˀ˧˥/, Ỹỹ /iˀ˧˥/ | The tilde stands for mid rising tone interrupted by a glottal stop.[6] There are many exceptions to the phonemic values of these letters though.[7] |
| Nasalization | Portuguese | Ãã /ɐ̃/, Õõ /õ/ | They stem from older Aᷠaᷠ, Oᷠoᷠ.[8] |
| Unrounded vowel | Estonian | Õõ /ɤ/ | |
| Other | Livonian | Õõ /ɨ/, Ȭȭ /ɨː/ |
Tilde in Conlangs
| Use | Language | Letters | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Change of place of articulation | Quenya | Ññ /ŋ/ |
Tilde in Phonetic Transcriptions
| Use | Transcription system | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Nasalization | International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) | Used for both nasalized vowels and nasalized consonants. |
See Also
References
- ↑ Tilde, Pitch at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Tilde at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Tilde, Palatal n at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Ñ, Cross-linguistic usage at Wikipedia.
- ↑ ISO 15919, Comparison with UNRSGN and IAST at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Vietnamese language, Language variation, Tones at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Vietnamese orthography, Pronunciation at Wikipedia.
- ↑ Tilde, Nasalization at Wikipedia.
