Proto-Austronesian Hebrew/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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m (→Personal - Suffix: less Arabic, more Ugaritic) |
m (gotta go to bed) |
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== Nouns == | == Nouns == | ||
=== | === Masculine === | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:left;" | ||
|+ Absolute State | |+ Absolute State | ||
| | | | ||
Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Direct | ! Direct | ||
| | | -u | ||
| -āmi | |||
| -ūma | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| | | -i | ||
| rowspan="2" | -aymi | |||
| rowspan="2" | -īma | |||
| | |- | ||
! Indirect | |||
| -a | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:left;" | |||
|+ Construct State | |||
| | |||
! Singular || Dual || Plural | |||
|- | |||
! Direct | |||
| -Ø | |||
| -ā | |||
| -ū | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Genitive | ||
| | | -Ø | ||
| rowspan="2" | -ay | |||
| rowspan="2" | -ī | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Indirect | ||
| | | -Ø | ||
|} | |} | ||
<br clear="both" /> | |||
=== Feminine === | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:left;" | |||
|+ Absolute State | |||
| | |||
! Singular || Dual || Plural | |||
|- | |||
! Direct | |||
| -atu | |||
| -atōmi | |||
| -ōtu | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| -ati | |||
| rowspan="2" | -ataymi | |||
| rowspan="2" | -ōti | |||
|- | |||
! Indirect | |||
| -ata | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; float:left;" | |||
|+ Construct State | |||
| | |||
! Singular || Dual || Plural | |||
|- | |||
! Direct | |||
| -at | |||
| -atō | |||
| -atū | |||
|- | |||
! Genitive | |||
| -at | |||
| rowspan="2" | -atay | |||
| rowspan="2" | -atī | |||
|- | |||
! Indirect | |||
| -at | |||
|} | |||
<br clear="both" /> | |||
== Pronouns == | == Pronouns == | ||
Line 55: | Line 94: | ||
| # | | # | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D | ||
| ' | | rowspan="2" | 'aku | ||
! rowspan=" | ! rowspan="2" | sing. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D | ||
| ' | | rowspan="2" | 'ani | ||
! rowspan="2" | dual | ! rowspan="2" | dual | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D | ||
| ' | | 'anīnū | ||
! rowspan="2" | pl. | ! rowspan="2" | pl. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | ||
| ' | | 'anīnī | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left;" | {| class="wikitable" style="float:left;" | ||
|+ Second person | |+ Second person | ||
Line 86: | Line 121: | ||
| # | | # | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D | ||
| ' | | rowspan="2" | 'āttā | ||
| 'ātti | | rowspan="2" | 'ātti | ||
! rowspan=" | ! rowspan="2" | sing | ||
|- | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | |||
|- | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D | |||
| colspan="2" | 'attumā | |||
! rowspan="2" | dual | |||
|- | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | |||
| colspan="2" | 'attumay | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D | ||
| | | 'attumū | ||
| | | rowspan="2" | 'attinnā | ||
! rowspan="2" | plural | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | ||
| | | 'attumī | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="float:left;" | {| class="wikitable" style="float:left;" | ||
Line 106: | Line 150: | ||
| # | | # | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D | ||
| | | huwa | ||
| hiya | |||
! rowspan="2" | sing. | |||
|- | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | |||
| huwati | |||
| hiyati | |||
|- | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D | |||
| colspan="2" | humā | |||
! rowspan="2" | dual | |||
|- | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | |||
| colspan="2" | humay | |||
|- | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D | |||
| humū | |||
| rowspan="2" | hinnā | |||
! rowspan="2" | plural | |||
|- | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | |||
| humī | |||
|} | |} | ||
<br clear="both" /> | <br clear="both" /> | ||
Line 142: | Line 207: | ||
=== Relative === | === Relative === | ||
The relative pronoun in PAH seems to be derived from the | The relative pronoun in PAH seems to be derived from the Akkadian/Ugaritic pronoun *ðu-. The progress of the consonant seems to have been *ð > *z > *s. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
| case | | case | ||
Line 149: | Line 214: | ||
| # | | # | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D | ||
| | | ス̅<br />sū | ||
| | | サ̅ツ<br />sātu | ||
! rowspan="3" | sing. | ! rowspan="3" | sing. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | G | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | G | ||
| | | シ̅<br />sī | ||
| | | サ̅チ<br />sāti | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | I | ||
| | | サ̅<br />sā | ||
| | | サ̅タ<br />sāta | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | D | ||
| | | colspan="2" | ス̅ツ̅<br />sūtū | ||
| | ! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;"| dual <br /> / <br /> plural | ||
! rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;" | dual | |||
|- | |- | ||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | ! style="vertical-align:middle;" | O | ||
| | | colspan="2" | ス̅チ̅<br />sūtī | ||
| | |} | ||
=== Demonstrative === | |||
==== Near ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
| case | |||
! M | |||
! F | |||
| # | |||
|- | |||
! - | |||
| hō | |||
| hōt | |||
! sing. | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! - | ||
| | | colspan="2" | hōni | ||
! dual | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! - | ||
| colspan="2" | 'illey | |||
! plural | |||
|} | |} | ||
==== Far ==== | |||
The 3rd person personal pronoun is used as if it were a far-deitic pronoun/adjective. | |||
=== Interrogative and Indefinite === | |||
Unlike all the other pronouns, these inflect for personal vs. impersonal, not gender | |||
==== Interrogative ==== | |||
==== Indefinite ==== |
Revision as of 22:15, 19 January 2013
Nouns
Masculine
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Direct | -u | -āmi | -ūma |
Genitive | -i | -aymi | -īma |
Indirect | -a |
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Direct | -Ø | -ā | -ū |
Genitive | -Ø | -ay | -ī |
Indirect | -Ø |
Feminine
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Direct | -atu | -atōmi | -ōtu |
Genitive | -ati | -ataymi | -ōti |
Indirect | -ata |
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
Direct | -at | -atō | -atū |
Genitive | -at | -atay | -atī |
Indirect | -at |
Pronouns
Personal - Independent
Personal pronouns are often omitted, except in verbless clauses. There are two forms: one can exist independently and the other is a suffix attached to the construct/pronominal-state noun.
case | Common | # |
---|---|---|
D | 'aku | sing. |
O | ||
D | 'ani | dual |
O | ||
D | 'anīnū | pl. |
O | 'anīnī |
case | Masc. | Fem. | # |
---|---|---|---|
D | 'āttā | 'ātti | sing |
O | |||
D | 'attumā | dual | |
O | 'attumay | ||
D | 'attumū | 'attinnā | plural |
O | 'attumī |
case | Masc. | Fem. | # |
---|---|---|---|
D | huwa | hiya | sing. |
O | huwati | hiyati | |
D | humā | dual | |
O | humay | ||
D | humū | hinnā | plural |
O | humī |
Personal - Suffix
Sing. | Dual | Pl. | |
---|---|---|---|
1c | -ī* -ya -nī |
-nayā | -nū |
2m | -ka | -kumā | -kum |
2f | -ki | -kun | |
3m | -ō/-hū | -humā | -(hu)m |
3f | -ha/-ah | -(hi)n |
-ī takes the place of the nominative ending -u
Relative
The relative pronoun in PAH seems to be derived from the Akkadian/Ugaritic pronoun *ðu-. The progress of the consonant seems to have been *ð > *z > *s.
case | Masc. | Fem. | # |
---|---|---|---|
D | ス̅ sū |
サ̅ツ sātu |
sing. |
G | シ̅ sī |
サ̅チ sāti | |
I | サ̅ sā |
サ̅タ sāta | |
D | ス̅ツ̅ sūtū |
dual / plural | |
O | ス̅チ̅ sūtī |
Demonstrative
Near
case | M | F | # |
---|---|---|---|
- | hō | hōt | sing. |
- | hōni | dual | |
- | 'illey | plural |
Far
The 3rd person personal pronoun is used as if it were a far-deitic pronoun/adjective.
Interrogative and Indefinite
Unlike all the other pronouns, these inflect for personal vs. impersonal, not gender