The wiki has recently been updated. Please contact me by talk page or email if you encounter any issues.

Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 27: Line 27:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Diaeresis/Umlaut
|+ Diaeresis/Umlaut
  ! Use
! Usage
  ! Language
!Language
  ! Letters
! Letters
! Origin
! Origin
  |-
! Notes
  | rowspan=3 | Front version of back vowel
|-
| rowspan=3 | Front version of back vowel
| [[Wikipedia:Finnish_language|Finnish]]
| [[Wikipedia:Finnish_language|Finnish]]
| Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/
| Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/
| From Swedish.
| From Swedish.
  |-
|
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]]
| [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]]
| Ää /æ/
| Ää /æ/
|
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Swedish_language|Swedish]]
| [[Wikipedia:Swedish_language|Swedish]]
  | Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/
| Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/
| The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84] and oe[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96].
| The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84] and oe[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96].
|
|-
|-
| Syllable break. When two vowel follow each other, a diaeresis on the second vowel indicates that the vowels are in two different syllables instead of forming a diphthong.
| Syllable break. When two vowel follow each other, a diaeresis on the second vowel indicates that the vowels are in two different syllables instead of forming a diphthong.
Line 49: Line 53:
| Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ
| Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ
|  
|  
|}
|
|}


== Ring Above ==
== Ring Above ==
The non-combining form of ˚ is U+02DA and the combining form is U+030A. Precomposed letters with this diacritic are: <span style="font-size: 16pt">Å<sub>U+00C5</sub> å<sub>U+00E5</sub> Ů<sub>U+016E</sub> ů<sub>U+016F</sub> Ǻ<sub>U+01FA</sub> ǻ<sub>U+01FB</sub> ẘ<sub>U+1E98</sub> ẙ<sub>U+1E99<sub>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Precomposed letters with diaeresis/umlaut
| style="font-size:180%" | Å || style="font-size:180%" | å || style="font-size:180%" | Ǻ || style="font-size:180%" | ǻ || style="font-size:180%" | Ů || style="font-size:180%" | ů || style="font-size:180%" | ẘ || style="font-size:180%" | ẙ
|-
| U+00C5 || U+00E5 || U+01FA || U+01FB || U+016E || U+016F || U+1E98 || U+1E99
|-
| Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above || Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above And Acute || Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above And Acute || Latin Capital Letter U With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter U With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter W With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter Y With Ring Above
|-
| '''Note:''' May be confused with the Ångström sign Å (U+212B).
|}
The non-combining form of ˚ is U+02DA and the combining form is U+030A.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 60: Line 75:
! Letters
! Letters
! Origin
! Origin
! Notes
|-
|-
| rowspan=3 | Back version of front vowel. Often rounded.
| rowspan=3 | Back version of front vowel. Often rounded.

Revision as of 03:31, 12 August 2012

This article is a work in progress.
The contents may be tentative, incomplete, inaccurate, in need of elaboration, subject to later revision, or just plain sketchy.

As a courtesy, if you are not the author of the article, please do not make edits to this article while this message is displayed.

This page will list different uses of diacritical marks that have natland precedence. Conlangers can use this to find inspiration for their own conlang romanizations.

Diaeresis/Umlaut

Precomposed letters with diaeresis/umlaut
Ä ä Ǟ ǟ Ë ë Ḧ ḧ Ï ï Ḯ ḯ Ö
U+00C4 U+00E4 U+01DE U+01DF U+00CB U+00EB U+1E26 U+1E27 U+00CF ​ U+00EF U+1E2E U+1E2F U+00D6
Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Capital Letter E With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter E With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter H With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter H With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute ​ Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis
ö Ȫ ȫ Ṏ ṏ ẗ Ü ü Ǖ ǖ Ǘ ǘ Ǚ
U+00F6 ​ U+022A U+022B U+1E4E U+1E4F U+1E97 U+00DC ​ U+00FC U+01D5 U+01D6 U+01D7 U+01D8 U+01D9
Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis ​ Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis Latin Small Letter T With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron ​ Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron
ǚ Ǜ ǜ Ṻ ṻ Ẅ ẅ Ẍ ẍ Ÿ ÿ
U+01DA U+01DB U+01DC U+1E7A U+1E7B U+1E84 U+1E85 U+1E8C U+1E8D U+0178 U+00FF
Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave Latin Capital Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis Latin Small Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter W With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter W With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter X With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter X With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter Y With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter Y With Diaeresis

Diaeresis (known as tréma in French) and umlaut both employ the same character: ¨ (U+00A8 for the non-combining form, U+0308 for the combining). But there is a difference of use between diaeresis and umlaut. Letters with umlaut stand for completely different sounds than their non-accented counterparts. For example in Swedish <o> represents /u/ while <ö> represents /ø/. Diaeresis on the other does not change the sound value of a letter, but instead marks that a vowel is not part of a diphthong or digraph.

Diaeresis/Umlaut
Usage Language Letters Origin Notes
Front version of back vowel Finnish Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/ From Swedish.
Livonian Ää /æ/
Swedish Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/ The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[1] and oe[2].
Syllable break. When two vowel follow each other, a diaeresis on the second vowel indicates that the vowels are in two different syllables instead of forming a diphthong. French Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ

Ring Above

Precomposed letters with diaeresis/umlaut
Å å Ǻ ǻ Ů ů ẘ ẙ
U+00C5 U+00E5 U+01FA U+01FB U+016E U+016F U+1E98 U+1E99
Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above And Acute Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above And Acute Latin Capital Letter U With Ring Above Latin Small Letter U With Ring Above Latin Small Letter W With Ring Above Latin Small Letter Y With Ring Above
Note: May be confused with the Ångström sign Å (U+212B).

The non-combining form of ˚ is U+02DA and the combining form is U+030A.

Ring Above
Use Language Letters Origin Notes
Back version of front vowel. Often rounded. Chamorro Åå /ɑ/
Danish, Norwegian Åå /ɔ/ From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[3]
Swedish Åå /o/ From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[4]
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Natlang_Uses_of_Diacritics_in_the_Latin_Alphabet&oldid=67472"