Proto-Uralic/E: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
(→‎Std. PU *e_a: Ms tweaks, a few new)
Line 52: Line 52:
|-
|-
| "skin"
| "skin"
| *keri || *kɤrɤ || keŕ || ''*kʏr'' || *koor || keerëg || '''*kiir''' || '''*käär''' || -
| *keri || *kɤrɤ || keŕ || ''*kʏr'' || *koor || keerëg || '''*keer''' || '''*käär''' || -
| ObU *kEr
| ObU *kEr. Cf. IE *(s)ker-
|-
|-
| "skin"
| "skin"
Line 122: Line 122:
| *enti || *ɤvtɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *enti || *ɤvtɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *-ŋt-
| *-ŋt-
|-
| "stalk, axle"
| - || - || E. '''sad''' || *šüðər || style="color:red"| *zoo<!--Komi *oo# > a--> || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "berry"
| "berry"
Line 133: Line 130:
|-
|-
| "to cook"
| "to cook"
| - || - || pije- || - || K. pu- || (föö-) || '''*pääj-''' || - || *pi-
| - || - || *pijə- || - || K. pu- || (föö-) || '''*pääj-''' || - || *pi-
| *pexi-; cf. *pEsa- !
| *pexi-; cf. *pEsa- !
|-
|-
| "matter"
| "matter"
| - || *sējɤ || sij || *šü || *śiś <!--U. śis ~ K. siś-->|| eev || style="color:red"| *säj || *ɬöj || *tiəj
| - || *sējɤ || sij || *šü || *śiś <!--U. śis ~ K. siś-->|| ''eev'' || style="color:red"| ''*säj'' || *ɬöj || *tiəj
| *sexji
| *sexji
|-
| "7"
| *sejcem || *čēčɤm || śiśem || *səm || *śiźɨm || - || - || - || -
| ← IE?
|-
|-
| "lichen on trees"
| "lichen on trees"
Line 149: Line 142:
|-
|-
| "to sell"
| "to sell"
| ''*möö-'' || *mēkɤ- || mije- || - || *med || - || '''*miɣ-''' || *me- || *mi-
| ''*möö-'' || *mēkɤ- || *mijə- || - || *med || - || *miɣ- || *me- || *mi-
| *mexi
| *mexi. P. "loan"
|-
| "to hit"
| ''*löö-'' || - || - || *lüje- <!--Hi. lüe, Me. lüje--> || K. ''lɨj-'' || löv- || *li- || - || *jöw-
| *lexi/*lewi?
|-
| "to boil"
| *kee-, *kei- || *kí- || - || *küa- || - || köve- || - || - || -
<!--|-
<!--|-
| "to find"
| "to find"
| *lewtä- || - || - || - || - || leel || - || - || -
| *lewtä- || - || - || - || - || leel || - || - || -
| Plain *e? Cf. "to hit" -->
| Plain *e? Cf. "to hit" -->
|-
| "7"
| *sejcem || *čēčɤm || *śiśəm || ''*səm'' || *śiźɨm || - || - || - || -
| ← IE?
|-
|-
| "round"
| "round"
| *kehkerä || - || style="color:red"| kičkere || *kəškär || - || - || - || - ||
| *kehkerä || - || style="color:red"| *kičkərə || ''*kəškär'' || - || - || - || - ||
|-
|-
| "to drink"
| "to drink"
| *seemV- || - || śime- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *seemV- || - || *śimə- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| (check if a loan)
| (check if a loan)
|-
|-
Line 170: Line 174:
| *selke- || *čēlkɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *selke- || *čēlkɤ || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| Liv. <font color="red">sieldɤ</font>. Cf. F. *selvä "ibid."
| Liv. <font color="red">sieldɤ</font>. Cf. F. *selvä "ibid."
|-
| "to boil"
| *kee-, *kei- || *kí- || - || ''*küa-'' || - || köve- || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
| || || || || || || || ||
| || || || || || || || ||
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10" | *E_i (as per *e_i but Ms, Kh ''*ii'')
! colspan="10" | *E_i (as per *e_i but Ms *ee, Kh *ii)
| generally coda glides, but note *Eði, *kEri
| generally coda glides, but note *Eði, *kEri
|-
|-
| "mushroom"
| "mushroom"
| *seeni || '''*čānā''' || - || *šeen || U. śeńki|| - || style="color:green"| *šiinəɣ || '''*säänəɣ''' || -
| *seeni || '''*čānā''' || - || *šeen || U. śeńki|| - || style="color:green"| *šeenəɣ || '''*säänəɣ''' || -
| *śExni ?
| *śExni ?
|-
|-
Line 189: Line 190:
|-
|-
| "girl"
| "girl"
| *nejti || *nējtɤ || ''ni'' || - || *nɨl || - || *nii || *niiŋ || ''*nê''
| *nejti || *nējtɤ || ''ni'' || - || *nɨl || - || *nee || *niiŋ || ''*nê''
| Wrt. S (& Mo?) cf. difthong
| Wrt. S (& Mo?) cf. difthong
|-
|-
| "to eat"
| "to eat"
| ''*söö-'' || - || ''śeve-'' || - || ''*śooj'' || ëv- || *tii-, '''*tääj-''' || *ɬii- || ''*ti-mä''
| ''*söö-'' || - || ''śeve-'' || - || ''*śooj'' || ëv- || *tee-, '''*tääj-''' || *ɬii- || ''*ti-mä''
| Smy. "tooth". U. *oo₂ → i between palatals? Sibilant & medial mismatch!
| Smy. "tooth". U. *oo₂ → i between palatals? Sibilant & medial mismatch!
|-
|-
| "soul, breath, steam"
| "soul, breath, steam"
| *lewlü || *lēvlɤ || - || - || *lool || leelek || *liil || *ɬiiɬ || -
| *lewlü || *lēvlɤ || - || - || *lool || leelek || '''#li/el''' || *ɬiiɬ || -
| Wrt. S, cf. difthong
| Wrt. S, cf. difthong
|-
|-
| "front"
| "front"
| *eti || - || - || - || - || elöö || *iil || *iiɬ || ''*ê/ir-''
| *eti || - || - || - || - || elöö || *eel || *iiɬ || ''*ê/ir-''
| Smy. "row"
| Smy. "row"
|-
|-
Line 209: Line 210:
|-
|-
| "edge"
| "edge"
| - || - || - || - || - || seel || *siil || *siiɬ || -
| - || - || - || - || - || seel || *seel || *siiɬ || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10" | Finnic *öö is confusing
|-
| "to hit"
| ''*löö-'' || - || - || ''*lüje-'' <!--Hi. lüe, Me. lüje--> || K. ''lɨj-'' || '''löv-''' || *li- || - || *jöw-
| *lêxi? *lêwi?
|}
|}


Revision as of 16:54, 17 February 2012

Std. PU *e_i

Finnic *e_i, Permic *oo, Khanty *e

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*ê_i (S. *ɤ_ɤ, Mo. *e, Ms. *i, Smy *ê → Ng. /ɨ/, *i elsewhere) Old cases mostly open syllables
"to fear" *pel-kä- *pɤlɤ- peĺe- - *pool- feel- *pil- *pel- *pêj-
"blood" *veri *vɤrɤ veŕ *wʏr *vir veer *wiɣər *wer -
"water" *veci - veď *wʏt *voo viiz *wit - *wêt ← IE?
"to go" *mene- *mɤnɤ- - *mije- *mun(ɨ)- mën- *min- *men- *mên- Ma. cf. Kar. mäne-
"to do" *teke- *tɤkɤ- teje~tije- - - tëv- *tij- *tej- - ← IE
"lip" - *pɤŋsɤm - - - - *piťem *peɬem *peptän -ms- ?
"to take" *vee- *vīkɤ- vije- - *vaj(ɨ)- vi- *wi- *we- *ü- *êx > *ix in S/Mo??
"owl" *hüüp- *ɤpɤkē - - - - *jipəɣ *jepəɣ - Onomatopoetics in F.?
"warm" E. eha NS áccagas eže- - - - *iš- - -
"bee" *mehi- - mekš *mükš *mooš meex - - - ← II
"honey" *meci - meď *müj *moo meez - - - ← II
"skin" *keri *kɤrɤ keŕ *kʏr *koor keerëg *keer *käär - ObU *kEr. Cf. IE *(s)ker-
"skin" *keci *kɤtɤ keď - - - - - *kêt Cf. prev; also *käðʲi → P. *kiĺ, Ms. *kääĺən
"to must" - *kɤlkɤ- keĺge- Me. küle- ~ Hi. kele- *kool- kell- - - - Cf. IE. Check if not *i?
"young tree, twig" - - - *nörɣə *ńɤr ńiir *ńir ~
TJ ńär		 *nér - Smy. #nËrkə "willow" may not belong - or is this *ë?
"exchange" *vero - veŕe-nc *werć- U. vur - - *weer -
"handle" - *nɤvtɤ - - *nud - - - - *-ŋt-. Check if not *i
"middle" *keski *kɤskɤ keska - *koos - - - -
"throat" *kero *kɤrɤs - - *goor - - - -
"to wash" *pese- *pɤsɤ- pezo- - - - - - - ← IE
"to stretch" *venü- *vɤnɤ- veńeme- - - - - - *wênä Smy "rope"
"boat" *veneh *vɤnɤs veńeš - - - - - -
"to be in time" *ehti- *ɤstɤ- - *əšte- K. eštɨ- - - - - K. ← F?
"leaf" *lehti *lɤstɤ - *ləštaš - - - - - ← IE
"work" *töö - ťev - - - - - - *têwi; cf. *têki
"lime, bast" *lehmus - ĺevos - - - - - -
"dove" F metti- ~ E meikka- - meče - - - - - -
"pestle" *petkel - peťkeĺ - - - - - -
"feather" *hewhen *sɤvsɤm - - - - - - - NB difthong! Newer loan? -n ~ -m doesn't match
"to tear" *repe- *rɤpɤ- - - - - - - -
"next" *enti *ɤvtɤ - - - - - - - *-ŋt-
"berry" - - - - *mooĺɨ mëɟɟ - *-məɬ́ -
*e_i (S. *ē_ɤ, Mo. *i, Smy. *i; cf. *äx) all old cases long or difthongal?
"to cook" - - *pijə- - K. pu- (föö-) *pääj- - *pi- *pexi-; cf. *pEsa- !
"matter" - *sējɤ sij *šü *śiś eev *säj *ɬöj *tiəj *sexji
"lichen on trees" - *jēvjɤmē - - - - - *jej *jüjə Pre-Smy *ew → *ü ?
"to sell" *möö- *mēkɤ- *mijə- - *med - *miɣ- *me- *mi- *mexi. P. "loan"
"to hit" *löö- - - *lüje- K. lɨj- löv- *li- - *jöw- *lexi/*lewi?
"to boil" *kee-, *kei- *kí- - *küa- - köve- - - -
"7" *sejcem *čēčɤm *śiśəm *səm *śiźɨm - - - - ← IE?
"round" *kehkerä - *kičkərə *kəškär - - - -
"to drink" *seemV- - *śimə- - - - - - - (check if a loan)
"brother" *velji *vēljɤ - - - - - - - Short! ← IE?
"clear" *selke- *čēlkɤ - - - - - - - Liv. sieldɤ. Cf. F. *selvä "ibid."
""
*E_i (as per *e_i but Ms *ee, Kh *ii) generally coda glides, but note *Eði, *kEri
"mushroom" *seeni *čānā - *šeen U. śeńki - *šeenəɣ *säänəɣ - *śExni ?
"to cut" *vejci - - - K. vɤź- vees- - *wäänť- - K. delabzn / loss of *ŋ? F. "knife"
"girl" *nejti *nējtɤ ni - *nɨl - *nee *niiŋ *nê Wrt. S (& Mo?) cf. difthong
"to eat" *söö- - śeve- - *śooj ëv- *tee-, *tääj- *ɬii- *ti-mä Smy. "tooth". U. *oo₂ → i between palatals? Sibilant & medial mismatch!
"soul, breath, steam" *lewlü *lēvlɤ - - *lool leelek #li/el *ɬiiɬ - Wrt. S, cf. difthong
"front" *eti - - - - elöö *eel *iiɬ *ê/ir- Smy. "row"
"rope" - - piks - - fiu - *piiɣəɬ -
"edge" - - - - - seel *seel *siiɬ -

Std. PU *e_a

Finnic *e_ä, Samic *ea_ē, Mordvinic *i_ɜ, Permic *oo, Mansi *ä, Khanty *e (/*ö next to a velar), Samoyedic *ê (not *i!)

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*e_a → Ms *ä, Kh *e/*öɣ, Smy *ê (not *i!)
"to liv" *elä- *ealē- - *ɪle- *ool- eel- *jäl- *jeɬ- *êlä- Is ObU *j- original? Mo. *era-?
"to beg" *kerjät- - - - *koor- keer- - - - ~ F. *kerät- "to collect"
"skillful" *seppä *čeappē - - - seep - - -
"ear" - *pealjē *piĺɜ *pələš *peĺ fül *päĺ *peɬ -
"big, uncle" *enä *eanē *ińɜ - *uuna - *jänə *enə *ênä
"to shake" - - - *rʏze- - rësk *räsɣ- *reńť- -
"blade" *terä *tearē - *tʏr - töör - - -
"dog" *penVj *peanɤk *pińɜ *pij ~ *pʊni *poon(ɨ) (fene) - - - Ma. *ɪ/əj > *ij? H. "wild" may not belong
"pine" *petäkä *peacē *pičɜ *pʏnće *poožɨm - - - -
"uncle" *setä *čeacē Er. čiče *čʏčö *čoož - *šäša - *čêčä' Sibilant assimilation east of F/S? K. also ćož
"uncle" - *eakē - *äkii *iikii Ne. ńeekka?
"to love" - *eaccē - - - - - *ješəɣ - Weak.
"ring" E. kets - - - - - - *kösə - Cf. *kesrä
"back" *selkä ~
*sälkä		 *čēlkē - *šɪle - - - - - …*säälkä ??
"ring" *kesrä *kearsē Er. *ščeŕe
~ Mk. kšťiŕ		 - - - - - - ← IE
"to get free" - *meanō- mäńe- K. mɨn- ment- - - Ne. mina- Cf. *mêni-
"summer" *kesä *keasē *kizɜ - - - - - - ← IE?
"fox" *repä *rēp- Er. ŕiveś *rəwəž *ruć(i) ravas ← II, Ma. thru Hu. separately?
"tip" *kasa *keačē - hëɟ - - - F. "pile" may not belong
"a fish" *keso L. kääčuk - - K. gɨć keseg *kääsəŋ *kosə -
"to fly" - - - - K. šɨlgɨ- - *täɣl- *ɬeɣəɬ- -
"to serch" - - - *kə/ɪčälä- *kooč-k/j- - *känš- *kenč- -
"side, rib" - *earttē *irdɜ *örðəž *oord- - - - - ← II *erdʰa-
"man" - - *mirďɜ - *moort - - - - ← II *mṛt-
"to scrape" - *neaskē- - *nʏžä- - - - - -
"ghost" - *šeartɤ - *šərt U. šurd- ördög - - - ~ Russian čert, Iranian?
""
""
*ê_a & such (FSM per *ü, Ma. *ü?, Ms *i; see also *ü_a)
"corn" *jüvä - juv - U. ju ~ K. jɨki - - - - ← IE *jewa (Avestan yava etc.) Also explained as "sporadic labialization" in F.
"heart" *sütäm *čɤðēm *śeďeŋ *šüm U. śulem
~ K. śɤlɤm		 siiv *šim *sem *sejə
"night" *öö *ījɤ *vej - *ooj eej *jiɣ *jej - F. *üjä → *öö?
"brother-in-law" *kütü - - - - - *kil *küɬi ? -
"to be born" *süntü- - - - K. sod- †edl- - - - ← preIr *dzen- + *tä-
"to plow" *küntä- - - *künče- - - - - - F. could be a later derivation from *künči
"tail" *häntä S. câcka ~ P. ciskes - - - - *šiš *čenč ~
V. čönč		 -
West *e; East *ê more common than "regular" *ê_ä
"ring" *kehä *kēsɤ (či) *keče *kɨč keeɟ *kiš *köč *keččä. S, Ma *ä? Mo. "sun" may not belong
"neck" *sepä *čeapē *śivɜ *šüj *śil - *šip *sääpəɬ - Ma. *-epV → *-əw → *-ü ??
"nest" *pesä *peasē *pizə *pəžäš *pooz feesek *pit *peɬ *pêtä
"4" *neljä *ńealjē *ńiĺɜ *nəl *ńooĺ neeɟ *nilə *ńeɬää -
"catfish, burbot" *säkä - *śijɜ *šij - - *šiɣ *seɣ - Ma. *-ekV → *-əɣ → *-i ??
"to hit" *peksä- - *piksə- - *pös- - - - *pêtV- 2ndary length in F. pieksä-
"thumb" - *pealkē *päĺka - U. pɤlɨ
~ K. pel		 - - - *pêj F. *pewka- ← Gmc.
""
"light" *kep-edä *keappē - - U. kapći keveeš - - #šEpä
""
""
""
""
"oar" *mela *mealē *miĺɜ - K. maĺ? - - - - Looks newer per F. -a,
""
""
*E_a (S. *ɤ, Ms. *ii, Kh. *ää)
"2" (*kakti) (*kōktē) (kavta) (kok) *kɨk keet *kit *kiit, käät *kêtä Ms. *i before a cluster? FV *kakta
"price" - - - - *doon - *tin *tään - (no evidence for a cluster)
"to dodge" - *kɤrvē- - - - kerül- *kir- *käärəɣ- - Ms. *i before a cluster?
"to cook" - *pɤsē- - - *pɤɤž- - *peet- *pääɬ- - P. delabzn!? Cf. *pexi-
"(to) thin" - *keancē - - - keskëń - *käänť- - Ms. *kAAnś- ← Kh.
"bay, moor" - - - - *kääl- *keeləɣ *kääɭəɣ ? Sk. keeĺ, köl
"chin" - - - - *aŋ - *eeŋən,
Ko. iɣən		 *ääŋ/ɣəɳ *aŋå ← Turk. *ēŋ, Smy via Oghur? (Chuv: ana).
"to bind" - - - - - ńeek- *neeɣ- "Kr" neewəj- - Cf. Mong. *neke- "to weave"?
Substrate loans? (Mari *i; note phonotax)
"wheat" *vehnä - viš *wište - - - - -
"cow ~ horse" *lehmä - *ĺišmɜ - - - - - -
"rope" - *reašmē *riśmɜ - - - - - - No plzn. in Mo? Cf. B. *rišima "thred" (→ F. *rihma)
IE loans
"alder" *leppä *leapē *ĺepɜ - - - - - - ← B.
"times" *kerta *keartē *kirda Hi. -kerðə ← B. *kertā / II *kṛt-, later than Mo. -a → -ə?
Junk
"bundle" *kerä - *kiŕɜ - - - *käärək *keer West *e ~ East *ä?
"to prick" - *peaðē- *päĺɜ- - - - *peel- *peeɬ- - No regularity really. E/ä? l/ð?
"warm" - - - - *rög reeg, rög *räɣ *reɣ - *-ŋ- ~ *-ɣ-?
"face" - - - - - - - *weenč Sk. wandV
"thin" - - - - *vek- veek- - - -
"time" - - - - K. kad kedig - - -
"spring, summer" *kevät - - *keŋəž - - - - -
"alder" - - - *lööl *lool - - - -
"grey" - - - - *dźåår sir *šir - - Cf. Mong. *sira "yellow"?!
"wet" - - - - *uuĺ - *iĺ - - Ma. iĺe ← U. Or Ms other (cf. StarLing)
"dust; ash" F. pelmV- - - - U. peńm- ~ K. pɤjim - - - - F → P? NB *ĺ
"bare; good; clean" F. pelkkä - - *pelkə K. peĺk - - - - Semantics bad. NB *ĺ
""
""
""
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Proto-Uralic/E&oldid=64323"