Proto-Uralic/E: Difference between revisions

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{| cellpadding="0"|
{| cellpadding="0"|
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
! Lexeme !! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! [[Proto-Samic|Samic]] !! Mordv. !! [[Mari]] !! [[Permic]] !! Hung. !! Mansi !! Khanty !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! Lexeme !! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! [[Proto-Samic|Samic]] !! [[Mordvinic|Mordv.]] !! [[Mari]] !! [[Permic]] !! [[Hungarian|Hung.]] !! [[Mansi]] !! [[Khanty]] !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! Comments
! Comments
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
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|-
|-
| "to liv"
| "to liv"
| *elä- || *ealé- || - || *ɪle- || *ool- || eel- || *jäl- || *jeɬ- || '''*êlä-'''
| *elä- || *ealē- || - || *ɪle- || *ool- || eel- || *jäl- || *jeɬ- || '''*êlä-'''
| Is ObU *j- original?
| Is ObU *j- original?
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "skillful"
| "skillful"
| *seppä || *čeappé || - || - || - || seep || - || - || -
| *seppä || *čeappē || - || - || - || seep || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "ear"
| "ear"
| - || *pealjé || piĺe || *pɪlš || '''*peĺ''' || '''fül''' || *päĺ || *peɬ || -
| - || *pealjē || piĺe || *pɪlš || '''*peĺ''' || '''fül''' || *päĺ || *peɬ || -
|-
|-
| "big, uncle"
| "big, uncle"
| *enä || *eané || ińe || - || '''*uuna''' || - || *jänə || *enə || *inä
| *enä || *eanē || ińe || - || '''*uuna''' || - || *jänə || *enə || *inä
|-
|-
| "back"
| "back"
| *selkä ~<br/>'''*sälkä''' || '''*čélké''' || - || *šɪle || - || - || - || - || -
| *selkä ~<br/>'''*sälkä''' || '''*čēlkē''' || - || *šɪle || - || - || - || - || -
| …*säälkä ??
| …*säälkä ??
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "blade"
| "blade"
| *terä || *tearé || - || ''*tʏr'' || - || töör || - || - || -
| *terä || *tearē || - || ''*tʏr'' || - || töör || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "pine"
| "pine"
| *petäkä || *peacé || piče || style="color:red"| ''*pʏnće'' || *poožɨm || - || - || - || -
| *petäkä || *peacē || piče || style="color:red"| ''*pʏnće'' || *poožɨm || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "uncle"
| "uncle"
| style="color:red"| *setä || style="color:red"| *čeacé || čiče || ''*čʏčö'' || *čoož || - || *šäša || - || '''*čêčä'''
| style="color:red"| *setä || style="color:red"| *čeacē || čiče || ''*čʏčö'' || *čoož || - || *šäša || - || '''*čêčä'''
| Sibilant assimilation west of F/S? K. also ćož
| Sibilant assimilation west of F/S? K. also ćož
|-
|-
| "uncle"
| "uncle"
| - || *eaké || - ||  ||  ||  || *äkii || '''*iikii''' || Ne. ''ńeekka''?
| - || *eakē || - ||  ||  ||  || *äkii || '''*iikii''' || Ne. ''ńeekka''?
|-
|-
| "to love"
| "to love"
| - || *eaccé || - || - || - || - || - || *ješəɣ || -
| - || *eaccē || - || - || - || - || - || *ješəɣ || -
| Weak.
| Weak.
|-
|-
| "ring"
| "ring"
| *kehä || '''*késɤ''' || style="color:red"| ('''či''') || '''*keče''' || '''*kɨč''' || keeɟ || style="color:green"| '''*kiš''' || *köč ||
| *kehä || '''*kēsɤ''' || style="color:red"| ('''či''') || '''*keče''' || '''*kɨč''' || keeɟ || style="color:green"| '''*kiš''' || *köč ||
| East *ê, West mostly *ä. Mo. "sun" may not belong
| East *ê, West mostly *ä. Mo. "sun" may not belong
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "ring"
| "ring"
| *kesrä || *kearsé || style="color:red"| Er. *ščeŕe<br/>~ Mk. kšťiŕ || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *kesrä || *kearsē || style="color:red"| Er. *ščeŕe<br/>~ Mk. kšťiŕ || - || - || - || - || - || -
| ← IE
| ← IE
|-
|-
| "to get free"
| "to get free"
| - || *meanó- || '''mäńe-''' || || K. mɨn- || ment- || - || - || Ne. mina-
| - || *meanō- || '''mäńe-''' || || K. mɨn- || ment- || - || - || Ne. mina-
| Cf. *mêni-
| Cf. *mêni-
|-
|-
| "neck"
| "neck"
| *sepä || *čeapé || śive || '''*šüj''' || '''*śil''' || - || style="color:green"| '''*šip''' || '''*sääpəɬ''' || -
| *sepä || *čeapē || śive || '''*šüj''' || '''*śil''' || - || style="color:green"| '''*šip''' || '''*sääpəɬ''' || -
<!--|-
<!--|-
| "field"
| "field"
| *kenttä || - || - || - || '''*gid''' || - || - || - || -
| *kenttä || - || - || - || '''*gid''' || - || - || - || -
| Rather F. ← S. *kénté-->
| Rather F. ← S. *kēntē-->
|-
|-
| "summer"
| "summer"
| *kesä || *keasé || kiza || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *kesä || *keasē || kiza || - || - || - || - || - || -
| ← IE?
| ← IE?
|-
|-
| "fox"
| "fox"
| *repä || *rép- || ŕiveś || '''*rəwəž''' || *ruć(i) || '''ravas''' || || ||
| *repä || *rēp- || ŕiveś || '''*rəwəž''' || *ruć(i) || '''ravas''' || || ||
|-
|-
| "to hit"
| "to hit"
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|-
|-
| "tip"
| "tip"
| '''*kasa''' || *keačé || || || - || style="color:red"| hëɟ || - || - || -
| '''*kasa''' || *keačē || || || - || style="color:red"| hëɟ || - || - || -
| F. "pile" may not belong
| F. "pile" may not belong
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "oar"
| "oar"
| *mela || *mealé || miĺä || - || K. '''maĺ'''? || - || - || - || -
| *mela || *mealē || miĺä || - || K. '''maĺ'''? || - || - || - || -
| Looks newer per F. -a, Mo. -ä
| Looks newer per F. -a, Mo. -ä
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "rope"
| "rope"
| - || *reašmé || riśme || - || - || - || - || - || -
| - || *reašmē || riśme || - || - || - || - || - || -
| Cf. B. *rišima "thred" (→ F. *rihma)
| Cf. B. *rišima "thred" (→ F. *rihma)
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
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|-
|-
| "to prick"
| "to prick"
| - || *peaðé- || style="color:red"| Er. pele- || - || - || - || *piil- || *peeɬ- || -
| - || *peaðē- || style="color:red"| Er. pele- || - || - || - || *piil- || *peeɬ- || -
| No regularity really
| No regularity really
|-
|-

Revision as of 11:32, 4 February 2011

  • e_a → Finnic *e_ä, Samic *ea_é, Mordvinic *i, Permic *oo, Mansi *ä, Khanty *e (/*ö next to a velar), Samoyedic *i

For *e_i, see comparision over at *ê.

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*e_a
"to liv" *elä- *ealē- - *ɪle- *ool- eel- *jäl- *jeɬ- *êlä- Is ObU *j- original?
"to collect" *kerä- - - - *koor- keer- - - -
"skillful" *seppä *čeappē - - - seep - - -
"ear" - *pealjē piĺe *pɪlš *peĺ fül *päĺ *peɬ -
"big, uncle" *enä *eanē ińe - *uuna - *jänə *enə *inä
"back" *selkä ~
*sälkä		 *čēlkē - *šɪle - - - - - …*säälkä ??
"to shake" - - - *rʏze- - rësk *räsɣ- *reńť- -
"blade" *terä *tearē - *tʏr - töör - - -
"pine" *petäkä *peacē piče *pʏnće *poožɨm - - - -
"uncle" *setä *čeacē čiče *čʏčö *čoož - *šäša - *čêčä Sibilant assimilation west of F/S? K. also ćož
"uncle" - *eakē - *äkii *iikii Ne. ńeekka?
"to love" - *eaccē - - - - - *ješəɣ - Weak.
"ring" *kehä *kēsɤ (či) *keče *kɨč keeɟ *kiš *köč East *ê, West mostly *ä. Mo. "sun" may not belong
"ring" E. kets - - - - - - *kösə - Cf. prev.
"ring" *kesrä *kearsē Er. *ščeŕe
~ Mk. kšťiŕ		 - - - - - - ← IE
"to get free" - *meanō- mäńe- K. mɨn- ment- - - Ne. mina- Cf. *mêni-
"neck" *sepä *čeapē śive *šüj *śil - *šip *sääpəɬ -
"summer" *kesä *keasē kiza - - - - - - ← IE?
"fox" *repä *rēp- ŕiveś *rəwəž *ruć(i) ravas
"to hit" *peksä- - pikse- - *pös- - - - *pêtV- 2ndary length in F. pieksä-
"tip" *kasa *keačē - hëɟ - - - F. "pile" may not belong
"a fish" *keso L. kääčuk - - K. gɨć keseg *kääsəŋ *kosə -
""
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""
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
""
"oar" *mela *mealē miĺä - K. maĺ? - - - - Looks newer per F. -a, Mo. -ä
""
""
Substrate loans (Mari *i; note phonotax)
"wheat" *vehnä - viš *wište - - - - -
"cow ~ horse" *lehmä - ĺišmä - - - - - -
"rope" - *reašmē riśme - - - - - - Cf. B. *rišima "thred" (→ F. *rihma)
Junk
"to prick" - *peaðē- Er. pele- - - - *piil- *peeɬ- - No regularity really
"warm" - - - - *rög reeg, rög *räɣ *reɣ -
"face" - - - - - - - *weenč Sk. wandV
"thin" - - - - *vek- veek- - - -
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