Proto-Uralic/Ü: Difference between revisions

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|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
! Lexeme
! Lexeme
! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! [[Proto-Samic|Samic]] !! Mordv. !! Mari !! [[Permic]] !! Hung. !! Mansi !! Khanty !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! [[Proto-Samic|Samic]] !! [[Mordvinic|Mordv.]] !! [[Mari]] !! [[Permic]] !! [[Hungarian|Hung.]] !! [[Mansi]] !! [[Khanty]] !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! Comments
! Comments
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
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|-
|-
| "cold"
| "cold"
| *külmä || *kɤlmé || keĺme || *kəlmə || *kɨnmɨ || - || - || - || -
| *külmä || *kɤlmē || keĺme || *kəlmə || *kɨnmɨ || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "mute"
| "mute"
| *mükkä || *mɤkké- || - || *mək || *mɨk || - || - || - || -
| *mükkä || *mɤkkē- || - || *mək || *mɨk || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "elbow"
| "elbow"
| ''*küünärä'' || style="color:red"| ''*kɤrńélé'' || keńeŕ || *kəńer || *gɨr(dža) <!-- -ja in K.-->|| köńök  || *küŋgəl || *köń-ŋääj || -
| ''*küünärä'' || style="color:red"| ''*kɤrńēlē'' || keńeŕ || *kəńer || *gɨr(dža) <!-- -ja in K.-->|| köńök  || *küŋgəl || *köń-ŋääj || -
|-
|-
| "with"
| "with"
| *möö || *mɤŋé- || mej || ''*möŋgə'' <!-- Hi *ə ~ Me *ö-->|| K. mɨ- || mög- || - || - || -
| *möö || *mɤŋē- || mej || ''*möŋgə'' <!-- Hi *ə ~ Me *ö-->|| K. mɨ- || mög- || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "thick"
| "thick"
| - || *kɤsé || - || ''*kʏžgə'' || *kɨz || - || - || *köɬ || -
| - || *kɤsē || - || ''*kʏžgə'' || *kɨz || - || - || *köɬ || -
| *-gi in Mari?
| *-gi in Mari?
|-
|-
| "wart"
| "wart"
| *süklä || '''*čivlé''' || '''śiĺge''' || *šəɣəĺe || - || süĺ || - || - || -
| *süklä || '''*čīvlē''' || '''śiĺge''' || *šəɣəĺe || - || süĺ || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "to bathe"
| "to bathe"
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|-
|-
| "holy"
| "holy"
| *pühä || *pɤsé || peže- || || || || || ||
| *pühä || *pɤsē || peže- || || || || || ||
|-
|-
| "good"
| "good"
| *hüvä || *sɤvé || '''čiva''' || - || '''*šååń''' || - || - || - || -
| *hüvä || *sɤvē || '''čiva''' || - || '''*šååń''' || - || - || - || -
| Hi. ''šu'' "healthy" prob. doesn't belong
| Hi. ''šu'' "healthy" prob. doesn't belong
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "groom; boy"
| "groom; boy"
| *ülkä || *ɤlké || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *ülkä || *ɤlkē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "breast"
| "breast"
| *üskä || *ɤské || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *üskä || *ɤskē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "to strive for"
| "to strive for"
| *pürkVj- || *pɤrké- || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *pürkVj- || *pɤrkē- || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| ← Gmc.  *wurkjan?
| ← Gmc.  *wurkjan?
|-
|-
| "stump"
| "stump"
| *tüŋkä || *céŋké || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *tüŋkä || *cēŋkē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10" | *ê_a & such (see also [[Proto-Uralic/new|*ê_i]], [[Proto-Uralic/E|*e_a]])
! colspan="10" | *ê_a & such (see also [[Proto-Uralic/new|*ê_i]], [[Proto-Uralic/E|*e_a]])
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
| "alder"
| "alder"
| *leppä || *leapé || ĺepä || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *leppä || *leapē || ĺepä || - || - || - || - || - || -
| ← B.
| ← B.
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
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|-
|-
| "glue"
| "glue"
| *tümä || *ðɤmé || - || Me. lümö || *ĺem || - || - || - || *jêmä
| *tümä || *ðɤmē || - || Me. lümö || *ĺem || - || - || - || *jêmä
| Or Smy *ü_a > *ê_ä regularly? cf. *u_a > *ə_å
| Or Smy *ü_a > *ê_ä regularly? cf. *u_a > *ə_å
|-
|-
| "heart"
| "heart"
| *sütäm || *čɤðém || śedeɲ || *šüm || U. śulem<br/>~ K. śɤlɤm || siiv || style="color:green"| *šim || *sem || '''*sejə'''
| *sütäm || *čɤðēm || śedeɲ || *šüm || U. śulem<br/>~ K. śɤlɤm || siiv || style="color:green"| *šim || *sem || '''*sejə'''
|-
|-
| "to plow"
| "to plow"
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|-
|-
| "night"
| "night"
| '''*öö''' || *íjɤ || vej || - || '''*ooj''' || '''eej''' || '''*jii''' || '''*jej''' || -
| '''*öö''' || *ījɤ || vej || - || '''*ooj''' || '''eej''' || '''*jii''' || '''*jej''' || -
| West *üxji? P/Ug. êj (Ms *jij > *jii)
| West *üxji? P/Ug. êj (Ms *jij > *jii)
|-
|-
| "belt"
| "belt"
| *vöö || *ɤvé || - || - || *jee; K. vɤń || öv || - || - || *iəj ?
| *vöö || *ɤvē || - || - || *jee; K. vɤń || öv || - || - || *iəj ?
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="10"| Definitely not *ü
! colspan="10"| Definitely not *ü
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|-
|-
| "behind"
| "behind"
| *möö- || *mɤŋé || mej- || *mʏŋɣə || style="color:red"| K. mɨśt || '''mëg''' || '''*mänt-''' || - || -
| *möö- || *mɤŋē || mej- || *mʏŋɣə || style="color:red"| K. mɨśt || '''mëg''' || '''*mänt-''' || - || -
| *iŋi ?
| *iŋi ?
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "hazelhen"
| "hazelhen"
| *püü || style="color:red"| *pɤŋkój || '''povo''' || - || - || '''fogoĺ''' || - || *pöŋk || *piŋə ?
| *püü || style="color:red"| *pɤŋkōj || '''povo''' || - || - || '''fogoĺ''' || - || *pöŋk || *piŋə ?
| F. backderived from *püütä- "to hunt"?
| F. backderived from *püütä- "to hunt"?
|}
|}

Revision as of 17:03, 4 February 2011

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
Std. PU *ü_i
"nail" *künci *kɤncɤ kenže *kʏč U. gižɨ ~ K. gɨž - *künš *könč *kəčå Smy, K. *a-stem?!
"threshold" *küntüks - keŋkš - - - - - - Cf. prev.
"autumn" *süksü *čɤkčɤ śokś *šɪžə U. sižɨl öös *tükəs *söɣəs - FSM (& Kh?) sibilant assimilation?
"to tie" *kütke- - - *kɪćke- U. kɨtkɨ- - *küt- *köt- *küt-
"1" *ükci *ɤktɤ E. vejke *iktə U. odig ~ K. ɤťik *ük *ej - Mk. fkä
"9" *ükteksä *ɤkcé vejksa ?~inðekšə - - - - - Cf. prev.
"bosom" *süli *sɤlɤ śeĺ *šʏl U. sul ~ K. sɨl öl *täl *ɬöl *tij
"handle" *nüci *nɤðɤ ńeď - - ńeel *näl *nöl *nir Mo. neže- cf. *mäxči
"coal" *süci *čɤðɤ śeď *šüj - - *süĺii *söj *sijə
"to smoulder" *küte- *cɤkɤ- - - - - *küš- *köč- kəčkü- S. metathesis?
"to tear" *nüki- - - - - ńüü-, ńöö- *ńüw- - (*ńe-)
"to pluck" *nühtä- - *ńefte- *ńɤkta- - - - - - Cf. prev-
"to skin" *nülke- *ńɤlkɤ- ńeĺge- - - - - *ńeɣləm- -
"base" *tüvi - ťejsa *tʏŋ *diŋ töö - - -
"deep" *tüveni *tɤvé - *tüɣə - - *tüwənt *teeɣən - F. *süvä?
"full" *türe- *tɤrɤ- - - *tɨr- - - - *tirə Smy. might also be ← *täwði (per -ə)
"year ring" *süü - - *šɪja *si - - - *ti *süj(i)? *sü/ixi?
"to look for" - - ťeťke- Hi. tütka- - - - *töɣət- *titə-
"new" *nükü - Er. ńej ~ Mk. ni - *ni - - - -
"ripe" *küpsi IS kopša - - *kiś- - - - - F. kypsä secondary ä-stem, cf. kystä
"to sweep" Li. müca- - - - *mić- - - - Ne. misii-
"moss" - - - - K. teg ? - *tüŋk *töŋk -
"spit" *sülki *čolkɤ śeĺgä *šʏwəl *śaalal - *süĺɣ- *söjəɣ -
"to knead" - - - *nʏštəla- U. nadź- - - - -
"to push" *süsä- *sɤskɤ- - *šʏška- - - - - - Liv. siskə-
"to ask" *küsü- *kɤčɤ- Er. kevkśte- ~
Mk. kiźəfte-		 - - - - - -
"10" *kümmen - kemeń - - - - - -
"to coff" *rüki- *rɤkɤ- - - - - - - -
"to be engulf'd" *tüppe- *tɤppɤ- - - - - - - -
"imposing" *jühke- *jɤskɤ- - - - - - - -
"to hide in" *lümV- *lɤmɤ- - - - - - - -
""
"tear" *küünel *kɤńɤl - - U. -kɨĺi köńń - - kəńələ
"to blink" küünü - końe- *kʊme- *kuń huń - *koń- *kəń- for comparision
St. PU *ü_a (main difference Mari *ə, *Permic *ɯ ?)
"to push" *lükkä- - - - - lök- *lük- *lök- -
"cold" *külmä *kɤlmē keĺme *kəlmə *kɨnmɨ - - - -
"mute" *mükkä *mɤkkē- - *mək *mɨk - - - -
"elbow" *küünärä *kɤrńēlē keńeŕ *kəńer *gɨr(dža) köńök *küŋgəl *köń-ŋääj -
"with" *möö *mɤŋē- mej *möŋgə K. mɨ- mög- - - -
"thick" - *kɤsē - *kʏžgə *kɨz - - *köɬ - *-gi in Mari?
"wart" *süklä *čīvlē śiĺge *šəɣəĺe - süĺ - - -
"to bathe" - - - - *pɨlaś- *fürö- *püɣl- *pööɣəl- -
"birch bark vessel" - - keče- - - - *küšəm *köčəm *kitä
"village" *külä *kɤlɤj - - - - *kül - -
"upper" *ülä *ɤl- veĺ-ks *wʏlnə *vɨl - *äl *el- *i- East *i-. *-ni in Mari? Check Samic
"(to) milk" *lüpsä- - (lovca) *lüšte- *lɨśtɨ- - - - - *lüpśä-ta? Mo. cf. *lupsa
"to stay" *püsä- - pezo- pižä- - - - - - Cf. *pista-
"holy" *pühä *pɤsē peže-
"good" *hüvä *sɤvē čiva - *šååń - - - - Hi. šu "healthy" prob. doesn't belong
"side" *sürjä - šiŕä - - - - - -
"to gnaw" *jürä- - - - U. jir ~ K. jɨr - - - -
"groom; boy" *ülkä *ɤlkē - - - - - - -
"breast" *üskä *ɤskē - - - - - - -
"to strive for" *pürkVj- *pɤrkē- - - - - - - - ← Gmc. *wurkjan?
"stump" *tüŋkä *cēŋkē - - - - - - -
*ê_a & such (see also *ê_i, *e_a)
"alder" *leppä *leapē ĺepä - - - - - - ← B.
"corn" *jüvä - juv - U. ju ~ K. jɨki - - - - ← IE *jewa (Avestan yava etc.) Also explained as "sporadic labialization" in F.
"brother-in-law" *kütü - - - - - *kil *küɬi ? -
"glue" *tümä *ðɤmē - Me. lümö *ĺem - - - *jêmä Or Smy *ü_a > *ê_ä regularly? cf. *u_a > *ə_å
"heart" *sütäm *čɤðēm śedeɲ *šüm U. śulem
~ K. śɤlɤm		 siiv *šim *sem *sejə
"to plow" *küntä- - - *künče- - - - - - F. could be a later derivation from *künči
Unclear
"marrow" *ütim *ɤðɤm uďem *wiim *veem, U. vijɨm velöö *wääləm *weeɬəm Se. küütü Ug. *wälVm
"boy" *ürkä - - *erɣe - -er - - - *irka with contam. with *ülka in F?
"poison" *mürkkü - - - - meerëg - - -
"navel" - - pokoń - - - *pükəń *pööɣlən -
"blunt" - - noško *nʏškə *nɨž - - - -
"conifer branch" - - - *lüjəš *lɨs - - *leepəs - Stem a/i?
"clean" - - - - U. śudźal-
~ K. sɤdź		 süüz *śääś - -
"night" *öö *ījɤ vej - *ooj eej *jii *jej - West *üxji? P/Ug. êj (Ms *jij > *jii)
"belt" *vöö *ɤvē - - *jee; K. vɤń öv - - *iəj ?
Definitely not *ü
"to be born" *süntü- - - - K. sol- ? edl- ? - - - Bad
"behind" *möö- *mɤŋē mej- *mʏŋɣə K. mɨśt mëg *mänt- - - *iŋi ?
"adder" *küü - Mk. kuj, Er. kijov *kɪškə U. kɨj kiiɟoo - - *kiwä Mk. metath. ← *kju ← *kəjov ? Smy. ← *küji-wa?
"hazelhen" *püü *pɤŋkōj povo - - fogoĺ - *pöŋk *piŋə ? F. backderived from *püütä- "to hunt"?
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