Proto-Uralic/new: Difference between revisions

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! Comments
! Comments
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
! colspan="11" | *ô_i
! colspan="11" | *ô_i > F & Mo. *o, Ma. *a
|-
|-
| "3"
| "3"
| *kolme || *kolmɤ || kolmo || *kʊm || U. kwiń ~ K. kujim || style="color:red"| haarom || style="color:red"| *kuurəm || *kooɬəm || -
| '''*kolmet''' || *kolmɤ || kolmo || *kʊm ||style="color:red"| '''#kuuiŋ''' <!-- U. kwiń ~ K. kujim--> || style="color:red"| '''haarom''' || style="color:red"| '''*kuurəm''' || ''*kooɬəm'' || -
| *-rm- ? -ðm- ?? Wanderwort?!
| *-rm- ? -ðm- ?? Wanderwort?!
|-
|-
Line 260: Line 260:
|-
|-
| "birch bark vessel"
| "birch bark vessel"
| *kosja || "Ko. S" kočék || - || - || - || - || *kus || *koťək || -
| *kosja || "Ko. S" kočēk || - || - || - || - || *kus || *koťək || -
| F. → NS guošši
| F. → NS guošši
|-
|-
| "bow"
| "bow"
| *jouci || '''*jóksɤ''' || joŋks || *jaŋež || - || iij || *jaɣət || *jooɣəɬ || *jïntə
| *jouci || '''*jōksɤ''' || joŋks || *jaŋež || - || iij || *jaɣət || *jooɣəɬ || *jïntə
| *-ŋs-
| *-ŋs-
|-
|-
| "bosom"
| "bosom"
| *povi || '''póŋɤ''' || Er. poŋgo<br/>~ Mk. pov || Hi. poŋgəš<br/>~ Me. poməš || *pi || - || *puut || *poɣəɬ || -
| *povi || '''*pōŋɤ''' || Er. poŋgo<br/>~ Mk. pov || Hi. poŋgəš<br/>~ Me. poməš || *pi || - || *puut || *poɣəɬ || -
| Hang on, it's *uu ~ *o again
| Hang on, it's *uu ~ *o again
|-
|-
| "snot"
| "snot"
| *nolki || '''*snólkɤ''' || nolga || - || - || ńaal || - || - || -
| *nolki || '''*snōlkɤ''' || nolga || - || - || ńaal || - || - || -
| Or *o with Mo. irregular
| Or *o with Mo. irregular
|-
|-
| "stick"
| "stick"
| *ponti || - || ponda || *panðə || U. pud ~ K. bed || - || - || - || -
| *ponci || - || ponda || *panðə || U. pud ~ K. bed || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "to sieve"
| "to sieve"
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|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
| "thou"
| "thou"
| *tinä || *ton || ton || *tiń || *tö(n) || te || - || - || *tən
| *cinä || *ton || ton || *tiń || *tö(n) || te || - || - || *tən
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
| "bird"
| "bird"
| *lintu || *lonté || - || style="color:red"| *lʊðə || - || luud || *luuntə || *låånt || -
| *lintu || *lontē || - || style="color:red"| *lʊðə || - || luud || *luuntə || *låånt || -
|-
|-
| "sleeve"
| "sleeve"
| *hija  || '''*soajé''' || || || *sooj || ujj || *tɯɯjət || *ɬɯɯt || '''*tüəj'''
| *hija  || '''*soajē''' || || || *sooj || ujj || *tɯɯjət || *ɬɯɯt || '''*tüəj'''
|-
|-
| "sleeve"
| "sleeve"
| *hiha || *sɤsé || oža || sokš || || || || ||
| *hiha || *sɤsē || oža || sokš || || || || ||
| F. / S. *h- by contam. with the prev.
| F. / S. *h- by contam. with the prev.
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "to curse"
| "to curse"
| *kiro- || *kɤro- || kor- || - || - || - || *kår- || *koorəm || *kərä-
| *kiro- || *kɤrō- || kor- || - || - || - || *kår- || *koorəm || *kərä-
| close to *u
|-
|-
| "to wash"
| "to wash"
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| "to thro"
| "to thro"
| *viska- || - || - || - || - || - || *wåśkə- || *wośkə- || -
| *viska- || - || - || - || - || - || *wåśkə- || *wośkə- || -
| close to *u
|-
|-
| "to scrape"
| "to scrape"
| *vito- || *vɤco- || - || - || *vuušt- || vaasik- || '''*ašeɣ-''' || *wooč- || -
| *vito- || *vɤcō- || - || - || *vuušt- || vaasik- || '''*ašeɣ-''' || *wooč- || -
|-
|-
| "skin"
| "skin"
| *iho || *ɤsé || jožo || Hi. juž || K. ež || - || - || - || -
| *iho || *ɤsē || jožo || Hi. juž || K. ež || - || - || - || -
| ← II *iza- ?!
| ← II *iza- ?!
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "to sharpen"
| "to sharpen"
| *hijo- || *sɤjé- || style="color:red"| šova- || style="color:red"| *šʊme- || - || - || - || - || -
| *hijo- || *sɤjē- || style="color:red"| šova- || style="color:red"| *šʊme- || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "to bind"
| "to bind"
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|-
|-
| "to pluck"
| "to pluck"
| *kitke/o- <!-- Es. kitku- --> || *kɤcké- || kočko- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *kitke/o- <!-- Es. kitku- --> || *kɤckē- || kočko- || - || - || - || - || - || -
| Cf. [[Proto-Uralic/I|*kiske-]]
| Cf. [[Proto-Uralic/I|*kiske-]]
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "pig"
| "pig"
| *sika || - || '''tuvo''' || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *cika || - || '''tuvo''' || - || - || - || - || - || -
| Mo. raising before -v-?
| Mo. raising before -v-?
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "ski"
| "ski"
| *sipakka || *sɤpékké || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *sipakka || *sɤpēkkē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "to stretch"
| "to stretch"
| *piŋko- || *pɤŋké- || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *piŋko- || *pɤŋkē- || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| Or *i_a.
| Or *i_a.
|-
|-
| "brest"
| "brest"
| *rinta || *rɤnté || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *rinta || *rɤntē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "rapid"
| "rapid"
| *niva || *ńɤvé || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| *niva || *ńɤvē || - || - || - || - || - || - || -
| If not F. ← S.
| If not F. ← S.
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "side"
| "side"
| *peeli || *pealjé || piĺä || *pɨlɨš || *peĺ || fül || *päĺ || *pel || --
| *peeli || *pealjē || piĺä || *pɨlɨš || *peĺ || fül || *päĺ || *pel || --
| *e_ä with Finnic secondary *i-stem?
| *e_ä with Finnic secondary *i-stem?
-->
-->

Revision as of 07:54, 11 June 2010

Two newly proposed vowels for PU.

  • *ê produces Finnic *e/*ü, Samic *ɤ, Mordvinic *e, Permic *oo; Mansi *i, Khanty *e, Samoyedic *ê > *i elsewhere, Nganasan /ɨ/
  • *ô produces Finnic *o/*i, Samic *o, Mordvinic *o;

Again, bold marks vocalic irregularities (except in Permic), red consonantal.

*ê

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*ê_i (std. *e_i ?)
"to fear" *pel-kä- *pɤlɤ- peĺe- - *pool- feel- *pil- *pel- *pêj-
"blood" *veri *vɤrɤ veŕ *wʏr *vir veer *wiɣər *wer -
"water" *veti - veď *wʏt *vooð viiz *wit - *wêt ← IE?
"to go" *mene- *mɤnɤ- - *mije- *mun(ɨ)- mën- *min- *men- *mên-
"to do" *teke- *tɤkɤ- teje~tije- - - tëv- *tij- *tej- - ← IE
"lip" - *pɤŋsɤm - - - - *piťem *peɬem *peptän -ms- ?
"to take" *vee- *víkɤ- vije- - *vaj(ɨ)- vi- *wi- *we- - *êx > *ix in S/Mo??
"owl" *hüüp- *ɤpɤké - - - - *jipəɣ *jepəɣ - Onomatopoetics in F.?
"warm" E. eha NS áccagas eže- - - - *iš- - -
"bee" *mehi- - mekš *mükš *mooš meex - - - ← II
"honey" *meti - meď *müj *mooð meez - - - ← II
"skin" *keri *kɤrɤ keŕ *kʏr *koor keerëg *kiir *käär *kêti ObU *kEr
"to must" - *kɤlkɤ- keĺge- Me. küle- ~ Hi. kele- *kool- kell- - - - Cf. IE. Check if not *i?
"exchange" *vero - veŕe-nc *werć- U. vur - - *weer -
"handle" - *nɤvtɤ - - *nud - - - - *-ŋt-. Check if not *i
"skin" *keti *kɤtɤ keď - - - - - - Cf. prev; also *käðʲi → P. *kiĺ, Ms. *kääĺən
"middle" *keski *kɤskɤ keska - *koos - - - -
"throat" *kero *kɤrɤs - - *goor - - - -
"to wash" *pese- *pɤsɤ- pezo- - - - - - - ← IE
"to stretch" *venü- *vɤnɤ- veńeme- - - - - - -
"boat" *veneh *vɤnɤs veńeš - - - - - -
"to be in time" *ehti- *ɤstɤ- - *əšte- K. eštɨ- - - - - K. ← F?
"leaf" *lehti *lɤstɤ - *ləštaš - - - - - ← IE
"work" *töö - ťev - - - - - - *têwi; cf. *têki
"lime, bast" *lehmus - ĺevos - - - - - -
"dove" F metti- ~ E meikka- - meče - - - - - -
"pestle" *petkeli - peťkeĺ - - - - - -
"feather" *hewhen *sɤvsɤm - - - - - - - NB difthong! Newer loan? -n ~ -m doesn't match
"to tear" *repe- *rɤpɤ- - - - - - - -
"next" *enti *ɤvtɤ - - - - - - - *-ŋt-
*e_i in *ê-system (all old cases long or difthongal? see also *äx, *e_a)
"to cook" - - pije- - K. pu- (föö-) *pääj- - *pi- *pexi-; cf. *pEsa- !
"matter" - *séjɤ sij *šü *śiś eev *säj *ɬöj *tiəj *sexji
"7" *sejcem *čéčɤm śiśem *səm *śiźɨm - - - - ← IE?
"round" *kehkerä - kičkere *kə/ɤškär - - - -
"to drink" *seemV- - śime- - - - - - - (check if a loan)
"lichen on trees" - *jévjɤmé - - - - - *jej *jüjə Pre-Smy *ew → *ü ?
"dog" *penVj *peanɤk pińe *pij ~ *pʊni *poon(ɨ) (fene) - - - Short! *e_a with Finnic *-j, Samic *-ik? H. "wild" may not belong
"brother" *velji *véljɤ - - - - - - - Short! ← IE?
"clear" *selke- *čélkɤ - - - - - - - Liv. sieldɤ. Cf. F. *selvä "ibid."
"to boil" *kee-, *kei- *kí- - *küa- - köve- - - -
""
*E_i (generally coda glides, but note *Eði, *kEri)
"mushroom" *seeni *čáná - *šeen U. śeńki - *šiinəɣ *säänəɣ - *śExni ?
"to cut" *vejci - - - K. vɤź- vees- - *wäänť- - K. delabzn / loss of *ŋ? F. "knife"
"girl" *nejtVj *néjtɤ ni - *nɨl - *nii *niiŋ *nê Wrt. S (& Mo?) cf. difthong
"to eat" *söö- - śeve- - *śooj ëv- *tii-, *tääj- *ɬii- *ti-mä Smy. "tooth". U. *oo₂ → i between palatals? Sibilant & medial mismatch!
"soul, breath, steam" *lewlü *lévlɤ - - *lool leelek *liil *ɬiiɬ - Wrt. S, cf. difthong
"front" *eti - - - - elöö *iil *iiɬ -
*E_a
"2" (*kakti) (*kókté) (kavta) (kok) *kɨk keet *kit *kiit, käät *kêtä Ms. *i before a cluster? FV *kakta
"price" - - - - *doon - *tin *tään - (no evidence for a cluster)
"to dodge" - *kɤrvé- - - - kerül- *kir- *käärəɣ- - Ms. *i before a cluster?
"to cook" - *pɤsé- - - *pɤɤž- - *piit- *pääɬ- - P. delabzn!? Cf. *pexi-
"(to) thin" - *keancé - - - keskëń - *käänť- - Ms. *kAAnś- ← Kh.
Finnic *öö is confusing
"to hit" *löö- - - *lüje- K. lɨj- löv- *li- - *jöw- *lêxi? *lêwi?
West *e; East *ê
"to sell" *möö- *mékɤ- mije- - *med - *miɣ- *me- *mi- *mexi
"nest" *pesä *peasé pizə *pəžäš *pooz feesek *pit *peɬ *pêtä
"4" *neljä *ńealjé ńiĺe *nɪl *ńooĺ neeɟ *nilə *ńeɬää - U. *oo₂ → i between palatals?
"thumb" *pewka- *pealké päĺkä - U. pɤlɨ ~ K. pel - - - *pêj ZERO regularity.

*ô

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*ô_i > F & Mo. *o, Ma. *a
"3" *kolmet *kolmɤ kolmo *kʊm #kuuiŋ haarom *kuurəm *kooɬəm - *-rm- ? -ðm- ?? Wanderwort?!
"minor river" *joki *jokɤ jov *joɣə *juu joo *jɯɯɣɯɯ - -
"major river" *juka - - *jooɣən *jəka for comparision
"dry" *koski *koškɤ- kośke- *kaškə- *k(w)ååś - - - *kåsə- F. meaning "rapids", → S. *kóškɤ ibid.
"birch bark vessel" *kosja "Ko. S" kočēk - - - - *kus *koťək - F. → NS guošši
"bow" *jouci *jōksɤ joŋks *jaŋež - iij *jaɣət *jooɣəɬ *jïntə *-ŋs-
"bosom" *povi *pōŋɤ Er. poŋgo
~ Mk. pov		 Hi. poŋgəš
~ Me. poməš		 *pi - *puut *poɣəɬ - Hang on, it's *uu ~ *o again
"snot" *nolki *snōlkɤ nolga - - ńaal - - - Or *o with Mo. irregular
"stick" *ponci - ponda *panðə U. pud ~ K. bed - - - -
"to sieve" *pohtVj- - ponžavto- - *poož- - - - -
"straw" *olki - olgo - - - - - -
"corner; to hide" *soppi - śopo- - - - - - -
"bear" *okci - ovto - - - - - - Cf. IE!
"to sink" *lonteh - londado- - - - - - -
*ô_a type 1 (substratal?)
"wet" *loppa - lopa-vto- *lʊp K. lap - - - -
"valley" *lotma - ložmo - - - - - - Phonotax non-Uralic
"shameful; lazy" *nolo - nola - - - - - -
*ô_a type 2
"I" *minä *mon mon *məń *mö(n) een *äm *mä *mən Two allomorphs may exist of each: *m/tina, *m/tun.
"thou" *cinä *ton ton *tiń *tö(n) te - - *tən
"bird" *lintu *lontē - *lʊðə - luud *luuntə *låånt -
"sleeve" *hija *soajē *sooj ujj *tɯɯjət *ɬɯɯt *tüəj
"sleeve" *hiha *sɤsē oža sokš F. / S. *h- by contam. with the prev.
"phloem" *nila *ńɤlɤ nola Me. nolo U. ńɤl ~ K. ńɯla - *ńål *ńaɬ -
"to curse" *kiro- *kɤrō- kor- - - - *kår- *koorəm *kərä- close to *u
"to wash" *liko- - - - - - *låwt- *loɣɯɯt- -
"to thro" *viska- - - - - - *wåśkə- *wośkə- - close to *u
"to scrape" *vito- *vɤcō- - - *vuušt- vaasik- *ašeɣ- *wooč- -
"skin" *iho *ɤsē jožo Hi. juž K. ež - - - - ← II *iza- ?!
"green, yellow,
poison, hate" 		*viha, *viherä - ožo *ʊžar *vöž - - - - NS vâšše ← F. Ultimately ← II
"to sharpen" *hijo- *sɤjē- šova- *šʊme- - - - - -
"to bind" *sito- - sodo- *šüðüš - - - - -
"yeast; foam" *hiiva - *šoŋ *šoŋ - - - - - F. ← B. *šiiva- "white"?
"to pluck" *kitke/o- *kɤckē- kočko- - - - - - - Cf. *kiske-
"to sit" *istu- (*i(š)tɤ-) oza- - - - - - - Unclear medial. S. ← F.
"price" *hinta - čonda - - - - - -
"pig" *cika - tuvo - - - - - - Mo. raising before -v-?
"surface, body" *pinta - ponda - U. ped - - - - Dubious semantics, F may be ← Gmc.
"ski" *sipakka *sɤpēkkē - - - - - - -
"to stretch" *piŋko- *pɤŋkē- - - - - - - - Or *i_a.
"brest" *rinta *rɤntē - - - - - - -
"rapid" *niva *ńɤvē - - - - - - - If not F. ← S.
""
""


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