Proto-Uralic/new: Difference between revisions

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(→‎*ê: taxin')
mNo edit summary
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{| cellpadding="0"|
{| cellpadding="0"|
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
! Lexeme !! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! [[Proto-Samic|Samic]] !! Mordv. !! Mari !! [[Permic]] !! Hung. !! Mansi !! Khanty !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! Lexeme !! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! [[Proto-Samic|Samic]] !! Mordv. !! [[Mari]] !! [[Permic]] !! Hung. !! Mansi !! Khanty !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! Comments
! Comments
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
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|-
|-
| "blood"
| "blood"
| *veri || *vɤrɤ || veŕ || ''*wöör'' <!--Hi @ ~ Me ü-->|| '''*vir''' || veer || *wiɣər || *wer || -
| *veri || *vɤrɤ || veŕ || ''*wʏr'' <!--Hi @ ~ Me ü-->|| '''*vir''' || veer || *wiɣər || *wer || -
|-
|-
| "water"
| "water"
| *veti || - || veď || ''*wööt'' || *voo<sup>ð</sup><!--Komi *ooD > a--> || '''viiz''' || *wit || - || *wêt
| *veti || - || veď || ''*wʏt'' || *voo<sup>ð</sup><!--Komi *ooD > a--> || '''viiz''' || *wit || - || *wêt
| ← IE?
| ← IE?
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "skin"
| "skin"
| *keri || *kɤrɤ || keŕ || ''*köör'' || *koor || keerëg || '''*kiir''' || '''*käär''' || *kêti
| *keri || *kɤrɤ || keŕ || ''*kʏr'' || *koor || keerëg || '''*kiir''' || '''*käär''' || *kêti
| ObU *kEr
| ObU *kEr
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "round"
| "round"
| *kehkerä || - || style="color:red"| kičkere || *kə/üškär || - || - || - || - ||
| *kehkerä || - || style="color:red"| kičkere || *kʏškär || - || - || - || - ||
|-
|-
| "to drink"
| "to drink"
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|-
|-
| "dog"
| "dog"
| *penVj || '''*peanɤk''' || pińe || *pij ~ '''*pɤɤni''' || *poon(ɯ)<!---ɯ in U.--> || (fene) || - || - || -
| *penVj || '''*peanɤk''' || pińe || *pij ~ '''*pʊni''' || *poon(ɯ)<!---ɯ in U.--> || (fene) || - || - || -
| Short! *e_a with Finnic *-j, Samic *-ik? H. "wild" may not belong
| Short! *e_a with Finnic *-j, Samic *-ik? H. "wild" may not belong
<!--|-
<!--|-
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|-
|-
| "4"
| "4"
| *neljä || *ńealjé || ńiĺe || *nəəl || ''*ńooĺ'' || neeɟ || *nilə || *ńeɬää || -
| *neljä || *ńealjé || ńiĺe || *nɪl || ''*ńooĺ'' || neeɟ || *nilə || *ńeɬää || -
| U. *oo₂ → i between palatals?
| U. *oo₂ → i between palatals?
|-
|-
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{| cellpadding="0"|
{| cellpadding="0"|
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
|- style="background:#FFA0A0"
! Lexeme !! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! [[Proto-Samic|Samic]] !! Mordv. !! Mari !! [[Permic]] !! Hung. !! Mansi !! Khanty !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! Lexeme !! [[Finnish|Finnic]] !! [[Proto-Samic|Samic]] !! Mordv. !! [[Mari]] !! [[Permic]] !! Hung. !! Mansi !! Khanty !! [[Proto-Samoyedic|Samoy.]]
! Comments
! Comments
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
|- style="background:#A0FFA0"
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|-
|-
| "3"
| "3"
| *kolme || *kolmɤ || kolmo || *kɤɤm || U. kwiń ~ K. kujim || style="color:red"| haarom || style="color:red"| *kuurəm || *kooɬəm || -
| *kolme || *kolmɤ || kolmo || *kʊm || U. kwiń ~ K. kujim || style="color:red"| haarom || style="color:red"| *kuurəm || *kooɬəm || -
| *-rm- ? -ðm- ?? Wanderwort?!
| *-rm- ? -ðm- ?? Wanderwort?!
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "bow"
| "bow"
| *jouci || '''*jóksɤ''' || joŋks || *jaaŋež || - || iij || *jaɣət || *jooɣəɬ || *jïntə
| *jouci || '''*jóksɤ''' || joŋks || *jaŋež || - || iij || *jaɣət || *jooɣəɬ || *jïntə
| *-ŋs-
| *-ŋs-
|-
|-
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|-
|-
| "stick"
| "stick"
| *ponti || - || ponda || *paanðə || U. pud ~ K. bed || - || - || - || -
| *ponti || - || ponda || *panðə || U. pud ~ K. bed || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "to sieve"
| "to sieve"
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|-
|-
| "wet"
| "wet"
| *loppa || - || lopa-vto- || *lɤɤp || K. lap || - || - || - || -
| *loppa || - || lopa-vto- || *lʊp || K. lap || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "valley"
| "valley"
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|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
|- style="background:#DDDDDD"
| "bird"
| "bird"
| *lintu || *lonté || - || style="color:red"| *lɤɤðə || - || luud || *luuntə || *låånt || -
| *lintu || *lonté || - || style="color:red"| *lʊðə || - || luud || *luuntə || *låånt || -
|-
|-
| "sleeve"
| "sleeve"
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|-
|-
| "green, yellow,<br/>poison, hate"
| "green, yellow,<br/>poison, hate"
| *viha, *viherä<!--note *aCV > eCV--> || - || ožo || *ɤɤžar || *vöž || - || - || - || -
| *viha, *viherä<!--note *aCV > eCV--> || - || ožo || *ʊžar || *vöž || - || - || - || -
| NS vâšše ← F. Ultimately ← II
| NS vâšše ← F. Ultimately ← II
|-
|-

Revision as of 17:57, 5 June 2010

Two newly proposed vowels for PU.

  • *ê produces Finnic *e/*ü, Samic *ɤ, Mordvinic *e, Permic *oo; Mansi *i, Khanty *e, Samoyedic *ê > *i elsewhere, Nganasan /ɨ/
  • *ô produces Finnic *o/*i, Samic *o, Mordvinic *o;

Again, bold marks vocalic irregularities (except in Permic), red consonantal.

  • Mari *aa *ee *öö *ɤɤ = /a e ə ɤ/ in Hill Mari, /o i ü u/ in Meadow Mari

*ê

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*ê_i (std. *e_i ?)
"to fear" *pel-kä- *pɤlɤ- peĺe- - *pool- feel- *pil- *pel- *pêj-
"blood" *veri *vɤrɤ veŕ *wʏr *vir veer *wiɣər *wer -
"water" *veti - veď *wʏt *vooð viiz *wit - *wêt ← IE?
"to go" *mene- *mɤnɤ- - *mije- *mun(ɯ)- mën- *min- *men- *mên-
"to do" *teke- *tɤkɤ- teje~tije- - - tëv- *tij- *tej- - ← IE
"lip" - *pɤŋsɤm - - - - *piťem *peɬem *peptän -ms- ?
"to take" *vee- *víkɤ- vije- - *vaj(ɯ)- vi- *wi- *we- - *êx > *ix in S/Mo??
"owl" *hüüp- *ɤpɤké - - - - *jipəɣ *jepəɣ - Onomatopoetics in F.?
"warm" E. eha NS áccagas eže- - - - *iš- - -
"bee" *mehi- - mekš *mükš *mooš meex - - - ← II
"honey" *meti - meď *müj *mooð meez - - - ← II
"skin" *keri *kɤrɤ keŕ *kʏr *koor keerëg *kiir *käär *kêti ObU *kEr
"to must" - *kɤlkɤ- keĺge- Me. küle- ~ Hi. kele- *kool- kell- - - - Cf. IE. Check if not *i?
"exchange" *vero - veŕe-nc *werć- U. vur - - *weer -
"handle" - *nɤvtɤ - - *nud - - - - *-ŋt-. Check if not *i
"skin" *keti *kɤtɤ keď - - - - - - Cf. prev; also *käðʲi → P. *kiĺ, Ms. *kääĺən
"middle" *keski *kɤskɤ keska - *koos - - - -
"throat" *kero *kɤrɤs - - *goor - - - -
"to wash" *pese- *pɤsɤ- pezo- - - - - - - ← IE
"to stretch" *venü- *vɤnɤ- veńeme- - - - - - -
"boat" *veneh *vɤnɤs veńeš - - - - - -
"to be in time" *ehti- *ɤstɤ- - *əšte- K. eštɯ- - - - - K. ← F?
"leaf" *lehti *lɤstɤ - *ləštaš - - - - - ← IE
"work" *töö - ťev - - - - - - *têwi; cf. *têki
"lime, bast" *lehmus - ĺevos - - - - - -
"dove" F metti- ~ E meikka- - meče - - - - - -
"pestle" *petkeli - peťkeĺ - - - - - -
"feather" *hewhen *sɤvsɤm - - - - - - - NB difthong! Newer loan? -n ~ -m doesn't match
"to tear" *repe- *rɤpɤ- - - - - - - -
"next" *enti *ɤvtɤ - - - - - - - *-ŋt-
*e_i in *ê-system (all old cases long or difthongal? see also *äx, *e_a)
"to cook" - - pije- - K. pu- (föö-) *pääj- - *pi- *pexi-; cf. *pEsa- !
"matter" - *séjɤ sij *šü *śiś eev *säj *ɬöj *tiəj *sexji
"7" *sejcem *čéčɤm śiśem *səm *śiźɯm - - - - ← IE?
"round" *kehkerä - kičkere *kʏškär - - - -
"to drink" *seemV- - śime- - - - - - - (check if a loan)
"lichen on trees" - *jévjɤmé - - - - - *jej *jüjə Pre-Smy *ew → *ü ?
"dog" *penVj *peanɤk pińe *pij ~ *pʊni *poon(ɯ) (fene) - - - Short! *e_a with Finnic *-j, Samic *-ik? H. "wild" may not belong
"brother" *velji *véljɤ - - - - - - - Short! ← IE?
"clear" *selke- *čélkɤ - - - - - - - Liv. sieldɤ. Cf. F. *selvä "ibid."
"to boil" *kee-, *kei- *kí- - *küa- - köve- - - -
""
*E_i (generally coda glides, but note *Eði, *kEri)
"mushroom" *seeni *čáná - *šeen U. śeńki - *šiinəɣ *säänəɣ - *śExni ?
"to cut" *vejci - - - K. vɤź- vees- - *wäänť- - K. delabzn / loss of *ŋ? F. "knife"
"girl" *nejtVj *néjtɤ ni - *nɯl - *nii *niiŋ *nê Wrt. S (& Mo?) cf. difthong
"to eat" *söö- - śeve- - *śooj ëv- *tii-, *tääj- *ɬii- *ti-mä Smy. "tooth". U. *oo₂ → i between palatals? Sibilant & medial mismatch!
"soul, breath, steam" *lewlü *lévlɤ - - *lool leelek *liil *ɬiiɬ - Wrt. S, cf. difthong
"front" *eti - - - - elöö *iil *iiɬ -
*E_a
"2" (*kakti) (*kókté) (kavta) (kok) *kɯk keet *kit *kiit, käät *kêtä Ms. *i before a cluster? FV *kakta
"price" - - - - *doon - *tin *tään - (no evidence for a cluster)
"to dodge" - *kɤrvé- - - - kerül- *kir- *käärəɣ- - Ms. *i before a cluster?
"to cook" - *pɤsé- - - *pɤɤž- - *piit- *pääɬ- - P. delabzn!? Cf. *pexi-
"(to) thin" - *keancé - - - keskëń - *käänť- - Ms. *kAAnś- ← Kh.
Finnic *öö is confusing
"to hit" *löö- - - *lüje- K. lɯj- löv- *li- - *jöw- *lêxi? *lêwi?
West *e; East *ê
"to sell" *möö- *mékɤ- mije- - *med - *miɣ- *me- *mi- *mexi
"nest" *pesä *peasé pizə *pəžäš *pooz feesek *pit *peɬ *pêtä
"4" *neljä *ńealjé ńiĺe *nɪl *ńooĺ neeɟ *nilə *ńeɬää - U. *oo₂ → i between palatals?
"thumb" *pewka- *pealké päĺkä - U. pɤlɯ ~ K. pev - - - *pêj ZERO regularity.

*ô

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*ô_i
"3" *kolme *kolmɤ kolmo *kʊm U. kwiń ~ K. kujim haarom *kuurəm *kooɬəm - *-rm- ? -ðm- ?? Wanderwort?!
"minor river" *joki *jokɤ jov *joɣə *juu joo *jɯɯɣɯɯ - -
"major river" *juka - - *jooɣən *jəka for comparision
"dry" *koski *koškɤ- kośke- *kaškə- *k(w)ååś - - - *kåsə- F. meaning "rapids", → S. *kóškɤ ibid.
"birch bark vessel" *kosja "Ko. S" kočék - - - - *kus *koťək - F. → NS guošši
"bow" *jouci *jóksɤ joŋks *jaŋež - iij *jaɣət *jooɣəɬ *jïntə *-ŋs-
"bosom" *povi póŋɤ Er. poŋgo
~ Mk. pov		 Hi. poŋgəš
~ Me. poməš		 *pi - *puut *poɣəɬ - Hang on, it's *uu ~ *o again
"snot" *nolki *snólkɤ nolga - - ńaal - - - Or *o with Mo. irregular
"stick" *ponti - ponda *panðə U. pud ~ K. bed - - - -
"to sieve" *pohtVj- - ponžavto- - *poož- - - - -
"straw" *olki - olgo - - - - - -
"corner; to hide" *soppi - śopo- - - - - - -
"bear" *okci - ovto - - - - - - Cf. IE!
"to sink" *lonteh - londado- - - - - - -
*ô_a type 1 (substratal?)
"wet" *loppa - lopa-vto- *lʊp K. lap - - - -
"valley" *lotma - ložmo - - - - - - Phonotax non-Uralic
"shameful; lazy" *nolo - nola - - - - - -
*ô_a type 2
"I" *minä *mon mon *məń *mö(n) een *äm *mä *mən Two allomorphs may exist of each: *m/tina, *m/tun.
"thou" *tinä *ton ton *tiń *tö(n) te - - *tən
"bird" *lintu *lonté - *lʊðə - luud *luuntə *låånt -
"sleeve" *hija *soajé *sooj ujj *tɯɯjət *ɬɯɯt *tüəj
"sleeve" *hiha *sɤsé oža sokš F. / S. *h- by contam. with the prev.
"phloem" *nila *ńɤlɤ nola Me. nolo U. ńɤl ~ K. ńɯla - *ńål *ńaɬ -
"to curse" *kiro- *kɤro- kor- - - - *kår- *koorəm *kərä-
"to wash" *liko- - - - - - *låwt- *loɣɯɯt- -
"to thro" *viska- - - - - - *wåśkə- *wośkə- -
"to scrape" *vito- *vɤco- - - *vuušt- vaasik- *ašeɣ- *wooč- -
"skin" *iho *ɤsé jožo Hi. juž K. ež - - - - ← II *iza- ?!
"green, yellow,
poison, hate" 		*viha, *viherä - ožo *ʊžar *vöž - - - - NS vâšše ← F. Ultimately ← II
"to sharpen" *hijo- *sɤjé- šova- *šɤɤme- - - - - -
"to bind" *sito- - sodo- *šüðüš - - - - -
"yeast; foam" *hiiva - *šoŋ *šoŋ - - - - - F. ← B. *šiiva- "white"?
"to pluck" *kitke/o- *kɤcké- kočko- - - - - - - Cf. *kiske-
"to sit" *istu- (*i(š)tɤ-) oza- - - - - - - Unclear medial. S. ← F.
"price" *hinta - čonda - - - - - -
"pig" *sika - tuvo - - - - - - Mo. raising before -v-?
"surface, body" *pinta - ponda - U. ped - - - - Dubious semantics, F may be ← Gmc.
"ski" *sipakka *sɤpékké - - - - - - -
"to stretch" *piŋko- *pɤŋké- - - - - - - - Or *i_a.
"brest" *rinta *rɤnté - - - - - - -
"rapid" *niva *ńɤvé - - - - - - - If not F. ← S.
""
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