Cernelian/Verbs: Difference between revisions
| Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
! I | ! I | ||
| ''-a'' | | ''-a'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-iona'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-iosa'' | ||
| ''- | | ''-iosta'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! II | ! II | ||
| Line 24: | Line 24: | ||
| ''-edzieczesie'' | | ''-edzieczesie'' | ||
| ''-edzieczlecie'' | | ''-edzieczlecie'' | ||
|} | |||
== Negation == | |||
Unlike in Polish that there are only one adverb to negate verbs ''nie'', Cernelian has multiple forms for a negative verb. This verb, however, are defective and only found in present, conditional (innovated), and imperative tenses. To make negations on the verb, attach the negative verb into the participle (''romosta'' "to love" → present ''ję romostopo'', ''je romostopo'', ''i romostopo'', ...; past ''ję romostón''; conditional ''jeleszę romostopo''; imperative ''jeleżę romostopo''). | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
! Indicative | |||
! Conditional | |||
! Imperative | |||
|- | |||
! 1st singular | |||
| ''ję'' | |||
| ''jeleszę'' | |||
| ''jeleżę'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd singular | |||
| ''je'' | |||
| ''jelesz'' | |||
| ''jele'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd singular | |||
| ''i'' | |||
| ''jelesz'' | |||
| ''jeleżę'' | |||
|- | |||
! 1st plural | |||
| ''jemie'' | |||
| ''jeleszmie'' | |||
| ''jeleżeciemie'' | |||
|- | |||
! 2nd plural | |||
| ''jedzie'' | |||
| ''jeleszdzie'' | |||
| ''jeleżeciedzie'' | |||
|- | |||
! 3rd plural | |||
| ''jewie'' | |||
| ''jelesz'' | |||
| ''jeleżę'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
Latest revision as of 18:40, 24 October 2021
Verbs in Cernelian were conjugatable for persons (first, second, third, and impersonal), number (singular and plural), tenses (present, past), moods (indicative, conditional, imperative), non-finite forms (infinitive, verbal noun, and participles), and particularly, grammatical aspects (imperfective and perfective) by the influence of Slavic languages.
Conjugations
- Cernelian/1st conjugation: Verbs whose the infinitive ends in -a.
Aspects
While Cernelian has two grammatical aspects, the perfective derivation from imperfective ones are not uniform. Usually, the perfective are derived by suffixing the stem with directional cases (dative, locative, or ablative), a parallel of Slavic prefixation with prepositions.
| Conjugation | Unsuffixed | Dative | Locative | Ablative |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I | -a | -iona | -iosa | -iosta |
| II | -edzie | -edzieczę | -edzieczesie | -edzieczlecie |
Negation
Unlike in Polish that there are only one adverb to negate verbs nie, Cernelian has multiple forms for a negative verb. This verb, however, are defective and only found in present, conditional (innovated), and imperative tenses. To make negations on the verb, attach the negative verb into the participle (romosta "to love" → present ję romostopo, je romostopo, i romostopo, ...; past ję romostón; conditional jeleszę romostopo; imperative jeleżę romostopo).
| Indicative | Conditional | Imperative | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st singular | ję | jeleszę | jeleżę |
| 2nd singular | je | jelesz | jele |
| 3rd singular | i | jelesz | jeleżę |
| 1st plural | jemie | jeleszmie | jeleżeciemie |
| 2nd plural | jedzie | jeleszdzie | jeleżeciedzie |
| 3rd plural | jewie | jelesz | jeleżę |
