Amal/verbs

The infinitive

The infinitive is a verbal noun. "to walk, walking" It has no inflection to indicate mood or tense. Amal has to suffixes to indicate the infinitive, -ek, and -ra.

All roots can take the -ek infinitive, but only b, d, g, k, m, p, s, sh, and t can take the -ra ending. The endings do not typically indicate any notable distinction, but there are instances it can:

• ishra (ʔiʃ) - v - be inside, interior

isha (ʔiʃ) - n - inside, interior

• ishek (ʔiʃ) - v - drink; imbibe; quaff

eqish (ʔiʃ) - n - drink

ayek

• ayek - to have [more abstract than yeshra]

	past -esh	present	obligative -id	negative -la	interrogative -em	tentative -ur
1s -an	ayeshan I had	ayan I have	ayidan I am obliged to have	ayanla I do not have	ayeman Do I have?	ayuran I may have
2s -ti / -e	ayeshti you had	aye you have	ayide you are obliged to have	ne aye you do not have	ayemti Do you have?	ayure you may have
3s -u / -a / -il	ayeshu she/he/it had	ayu she/he/it has	ayidu she/he/it is obliged to have	ne ayu she/he/it does not have	ayemu Does she/he/it have?	ayuru she/he/it may have
1p -uk	ayeshuk we had	ayuk we have	ayiduk we are obliged to have	ayukla we do not have	ayemuk Do we have?	ayuruk we may have
2p -ut / -i	ayeshut you [all] had	ayut you [all] have	ayidi you [all] are obliged to have	ayutla you [all] do not have	ayemut Do you [all] have?	ayurut you [all] may have
3p -um	ayeshum they had	ayum they have	ayidum they are obliged to have	ayumla they do not have	ayemum Do they have?	ayurum they may have

dara

• dara - to give; present; hand over; bestow

	past	present	tentative	passive
1s	deshan I gave	dan I give	duran I may give	deban I am given
2s	deshti you gave	dati you give	dure you may give	debti you are given
3s	deshu she/he/it gave	du she/he/it gives	duru she/he/it may give	debu she/he/it is given
1p	deshuk we gave	daquk we give	duruk we may give	debuk we are given
2p	deshut you [all] gave	daqut you [all] give	durut you [all] may give	debut you [all] are given
3p	deshum they gave	daqum they give	durum they may give	debum they are given

hara

• hara - to be; exist (essentially or identified as) [permanent]

	past	present	tentative
1s	heshan I was	han I am	huran I may (be)
2s	heshti you were	hati you are	hure you may be
3s	ilhesh she/he/it was	ilha she/he/it is	ilhura she/he/it may be
1p	heshuk we were	haquk we are	huruk we may be
2p	heshut you [all] were	haqut you [all] are	hurut you [all] may be
3p	heshum they were	haqum they are	hurum they may be

niyek

• niyek - say; tell; speak; express
• niyan - speak-1s - I speak
• niyeshti - speak-PST-2s - You spoke
• niyuranu - speak-TENT-1s-3s - I may speak to him
• niyeshemilu? - speak-PST-Q-3s-3s - Did he speak to someone else?
• niyeshbe - speak-PP-2s - You were spoken to
• niye! - speak-2s - Speak [to me]!
• niyedek - speak-CAUS-INF - made to speak
• niyesheyu - speak-PST-2s-3s - You were speaking to him
• niyegukla - speak-REFL-3pl-NEG - they are not speaking to each other
• niyalabu - speak-REP-DUR-3s - he keeps on speaking

xxx

• xxx - xxx

	past	present	tentative
1s	xeshan	xan	xuran
2s	xeshti	xti	xure
3s	xesha	xa	xura
1p	xeshuk	xuk	xuruk
2p	xeshut	xut	xurut
3p	xeshum	xum	xurum