Amal/verbs
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< Amal
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The infinitive
The infinitive is a verbal noun. "to walk, walking" It has no inflection to indicate mood or tense. Amal has to suffixes to indicate the infinitive, -ek, and -ra.
All roots can take the -ek infinitive, but only b, d, g, k, m, p, s, sh, and t can take the -ra ending. The endings do not typically indicate any notable distinction, but there are instances it can:
- ishra (ʔiʃ) - v - be inside, interior
- isha (ʔiʃ) - n - inside, interior
- ishek (ʔiʃ) - v - drink; imbibe; quaff
- eqish (ʔiʃ) - n - drink
ayek
- ayek - to have [more abstract than yeshra]
past -esh |
present | obligative -id |
negative -la |
interrogative -em |
tentative -ur | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1s -an |
ayeshan I had |
ayan I have |
ayidan I am obliged to have |
ayanla I do not have |
ayeman Do I have? |
ayuran I may have |
2s -ti / -e |
ayeshti you had |
aye you have |
ayide you are obliged to have |
ne aye you do not have |
ayemti Do you have? |
ayure you may have |
3s -u / -a / -il |
ayeshu she/he/it had |
ayu she/he/it has |
ayidu she/he/it is obliged to have |
ne ayu she/he/it does not have |
ayemu Does she/he/it have? |
ayuru she/he/it may have |
1p -uk |
ayeshuk we had |
ayuk we have |
ayiduk we are obliged to have |
ayukla we do not have |
ayemuk Do we have? |
ayuruk we may have |
2p -ut / -i |
ayeshut you [all] had |
ayut you [all] have |
ayidi you [all] are obliged to have |
ayutla you [all] do not have |
ayemut Do you [all] have? |
ayurut you [all] may have |
3p -um |
ayeshum they had |
ayum they have |
ayidum they are obliged to have |
ayumla they do not have |
ayemum Do they have? |
ayurum they may have |
dara
hara
- hara - to be; exist (essentially or identified as) [permanent]
past | present | tentative | |
---|---|---|---|
1s | heshan I was |
han I am |
huran I may (be) |
2s | heshti you were |
hati you are |
hure you may be |
3s | ilhesh she/he/it was |
ilha she/he/it is |
ilhura she/he/it may be |
1p | heshuk we were |
haquk we are |
huruk we may be |
2p | heshut you [all] were |
haqut you [all] are |
hurut you [all] may be |
3p | heshum they were |
haqum they are |
hurum they may be |
niyek
- niyek - say; tell; speak; express
- niyan - speak-1s - I speak
- niyeshti - speak-PST-2s - You spoke
- niyuranu - speak-TENT-1s-3s - I may speak to him
- niyeshemilu? - speak-PST-Q-3s-3s - Did he speak to someone else?
- niyeshbe - speak-PP-2s - You were spoken to
- niye! - speak-2s - Speak [to me]!
- niyedek - speak-CAUS-INF - made to speak
- niyesheyu - speak-PST-2s-3s - You were speaking to him
- niyegukla - speak-REFL-3pl-NEG - they are not speaking to each other
- niyalabu - speak-REP-DUR-3s - he keeps on speaking
xxx
- xxx - xxx
past | present | tentative | |
---|---|---|---|
1s | xeshan | xan | xuran |
2s | xeshti | xti | xure |
3s | xesha | xa | xura |
1p | xeshuk | xuk | xuruk |
2p | xeshut | xut | xurut |
3p | xeshum | xum | xurum |