Ilya: Difference between revisions
m (→demonstrative) |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 86: | Line 86: | ||
Nouns are commonly preceded by determiners. Plural nouns are formed by appending -'''im'''. Dual nouns are formed by appending -'''ik'''. | Nouns are commonly preceded by determiners. Plural nouns are formed by appending -'''im'''. Dual nouns are formed by appending -'''ik'''. | ||
== gender == | == gender == | ||
Gender is typically not indicated. If necessary, nouns may be prefixed with ''' | Gender is typically not indicated. If necessary, nouns may be prefixed with ''' ''' (''male'') or ''' ''' (''female''): | ||
... | |||
A few terms for family members and traditional roles do show distinctions of gender. For example: | A few terms for family members and traditional roles do show distinctions of gender. For example: | ||
... | |||
== case == | == case == | ||
Revision as of 05:43, 31 January 2017
- See also: Ilya dictionary
- See also: Ilya phrases
introduction
Ilya is an artlang designed for aesthetic reasons. It borrows heavily (if not exclusively) from Arabic, Basque, Japanese, Quechua, Spanish, and Turkish.
sounds
| Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plosives | p b | t d | k g | ʔ (q) | ||
| Nasals | m | n | ||||
| Fricatives | s | ʃ (sh) | ||||
| Approximants | l | j (y) | w | h | ||
| Trill | r |
Note: The glottal stop /ʔ/ q, is used as a "buffer" to keep vowels apart when adding suffixes.
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i~ɪ | u~ʊ | |
| Mid | e~ɛ | ||
| Open | a~ə |
nouns
number
Nouns are commonly preceded by determiners. Plural nouns are formed by appending -im. Dual nouns are formed by appending -ik.
gender
Gender is typically not indicated. If necessary, nouns may be prefixed with (male) or (female):
...
A few terms for family members and traditional roles do show distinctions of gender. For example:
...
case
| nominative | accusative | genitive | dative | locative | ablative | comitative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| "house" | beta | betwa | betai | beten | betush | betiga | betak |
| "water" | ura | uri | urya | urne | urda | uraga | urha |
nominative: The basic form of each noun, and the one cited in dictionaries, is the nominative singular. All the other forms can be derived from it.
accusative:
- -i / -wa
- beto - the house, to the house, etc.
The genitive for possessors, composition, and partiality.
- -ai / -ya
- tibin kawalya - the horse's hay
- gohan tibinai - a meal of hay
- kawal tibinai yemeshu - the horse ate some hay
locative: The locative case is used for:
- -(u)sh / -da
- location
- - - in the ocean
- tushda - in the city
- betush - in, at, on the house
- placement in time
- geshada - at night
- puyush - in the winter
instrumental: The instrumental/comitative expresses what an action is performed with. An important use of the instrumental is as an adverbial, since Ilya lacks a morphological adverb.
- -ak / -ha
- betak - using; with the house
- sarha - quickly (with quickness)
pronouns
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | -an | -uk |
| 2 | -ti / -e | -ut |
| 3 | -u / -a / il | -um |
case
| nominative | accusative | genitive | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1s | -an | eyan | nai |
| 2s | -ti / -e | eti / eye | tiya |
| 3s | -u / -a | eya | ai |
| 1p | -uk | eyuk | kai |
| 2p | -ut | eyut | tai |
| 3p | -um | eyum | mai |
direct object incorporation
Direct object pronouns are incorporated to the verb inflection. So, instead of eya rayeshan (I saw her), rayeshana is grammatical. The DO pronouns are not used when the object is specified. So, instead of kawal rayeshanu (I saw (it) the horse), kawal rayeshan is grammatical.
| verb | tense / aspect / mood | subject | object |
|---|---|---|---|
| ray | -esh | -an | -a |
| see | simple past | 1sg | 3sg.FEM |
| I saw her. | |||
determiners
Determiners in Ilya precede the noun they modify.
- bumul, shushen, semirha / this man, that woman, every boy
Other words function similarly:
- tuma - all
- bu- - this, these
- shu- - that, those
- irha - every, each
- marha - whatever, whichever
- kesh - some, several, a few
- ne - no, zero
- shuk - many, much
- bira - few, little
- daha - more
- kita - less, fewer
- diga - other
- iyin - same
- gura - such
prepositions
adjectives
comparison
numbers
| Ilya | number | English | Ilya | number | English | Ilya | number | English |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nul | 0 | zero | sha | 6 | six | kishada | 500 | five hundred |
| wa | 1 | one | seb | 7 | seven | hesha | 103 | (one) thousand |
| ni | 2 | two | oka | 8 | eight | dahesh | 104 | ten thousand |
| ush | 3 | three | nen | 9 | nine | sadahesh | 105 | (one) hundred thousand |
| ha | 4 | four | da | 10 | ten | |||
| kish | 5 | five | sada | 100 | (one) hundred |
ordinal
questions
verbs
Verbs are the workhorses of Ilya. They can mark for both agent and patient as well as tense. Many simple sentences are composed of only a verb. Generally, verb roots start and end with a consonant.
tense
Non-past is not marked. Past tense is marked with -esh, and remote with -ur.
- mashan - walk-1SG - I walk. / I am walking.
- masheshuk - walk-PST-1PL - We walked.
- mashuru - walk-REM-3SG - She (has already) walked.
