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| ===Pronunciation table=== | | <font size= 4> |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
| |
| !p
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| !b
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| !f
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| !v
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| !ƿ
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| !m
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| |
| |
| |
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| !t
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| !d
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| !þ
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| !ð
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| !ł
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| !l
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| |
| |
| |
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| !c
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| !ᵶ
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| !s
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| !z
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| !r
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| !n
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| |
| |
| |
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| !k
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| !g
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| !x
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| !ᵹ
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| !h
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| !ȝ
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| |
| |
| |
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| !š
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| !ṡ
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| |
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| |
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| !i
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| !e
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| !a
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| !ɔ
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| !o
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| !u
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| |
| |
| |
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| !ı
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| !ɛ
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| !y
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| |-
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| |/p/
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| |/b/
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| |/ɸ/
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| |/β/
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| |/m̊/
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| |/m/
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| |
| |
| |
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| |/t/
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| |/d/
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| |/θ/
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| |/ð/
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| |/l̥/
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| |/l/
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| |
| |
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| |/ʦ/
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| |/ʣ/
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| |/s/
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| |/z/
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| |/ɾ̥/
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| |/n/
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| |
| |
| |
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| |/k/
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| |/g/
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| |/ç/
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| |/ʝ/
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| |/j̊/
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| |/j/
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| |
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| |/sʷ/
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| |/sʲ/
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| |
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| |/i/
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| |/e/
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| |/ä/
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| |/ɒ/
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| |/o/
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| |/u/
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| |
| |
| |
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| |/ɪ/
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| |/ɛ/
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| |/ʊ/
| |
| |}
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|
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|
| | | *[[Senjecas - General Orthography Notes]] |
| ===Sample text from the dictionary===
| | *[[Senjecas - Arabic]] |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">Dictionary of Senjecas: The First Language</div>
| | *[[Senjecas - Cyrillic]] |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">senȝeka̋' saƿlűvo: se̋mta ȝe̋ka</div>
| | *[[Senjecas - Devanagari]] |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">ςηνjηκα' ςαϝλυϐo: ςημτα jηκα</div>
| | *[[Senjecas - Georgian]] |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">ceнjeкac' caӎлувo: ceмтa jeкa</div>
| | *[[Senjecas - Greek]] |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">שֵניֵכַשְֵ שַמּלֻּבֹ: שֵמּתַּ יֵכַ</div>
| | *[[Senjecas - Hebrew]] |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">სენჲეკასჷ საჳლუვჵ: სემტა ჲეკა</div>
| | *[[Senjecas - Runic]] |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">սէնյէկասը սաևլուվօ: սէմտա յէկա</div>
| | *[[Senjecas - Senjecan]] |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">कयॅ॑ तमसॅ॑ :भोलु॑वस सॆकयॅ॑नसॅ</div>
| | *[[Senjecas - Tengwar]] |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">ᛊᛖᚾᛃᛖᚲᚨᛊᛂ ᛊᚨᚹᛛᚣᚡᛟ ᛊᛖᛗᛏᚨ ᛃᛖᚲᚨ</div>
| |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">ⵙ ⵆ ⵏⵢⵆ ⴽⴰⵙ ⴻ ⵙ ⴰⵡ ⵍⵓⵠ ⵈ : ⵙ ⵆ ⵎ ⵜⴰ ⵢⵆ ⴽⴰ</div>
| |
| <div class="center" style="width: auto; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">ལེནཟེཀྸལ ལྸམལུབྷོ: ལེམཏྸ ཟེཀྸ
| |
| </div>
| |
| | |
| ===General notes – '''kőino tűsos'''===
| |
| *In the Senjecan alphabet there are 33 graphemes, one for each of the phonemes. There are 24 consonants, six vowels (each of which can be long or short), and three weak vowels.
| |
| *In some orthographies a diacritic is used to indicate a long vowel; in others the grapheme is doubled.
| |
| *In some orthographies labialization and palatalization are indicated by a diacritic; in others a special grapheme is used.
| |
| *Few languages have a [[Wikipedia:voiceless labialized velar approximant|voiceless labio-velar approximant]]. In most cases, this is transliterated into Senjecas with whatever grapheme represents [[Wikipedia:labio-velar approximant|<w>]] which does not occur in Senjecas. | |
| *In some orthographies an [[Wikipedia:Aspirated consonant|aspirated consonant]] will be used to represent a [[Wikipedia: Fricative consonant|fricative]], ''e.g.'', /tʰ/ for /θ/, /pʰ/ for /ɸ/. | |
| *In the Senjecan alphabet order, these 33 graphemes are ordered according to the point of articulation. Thus, there are five groups, known as clans ('''űka''').
| |
| #labial ('''feműka''')
| |
| #dental ('''rįsűka''')
| |
| #alveolar ('''muitűka''')
| |
| #palatal ('''vainűka''')
| |
| #vowel ('''ą́ršenűka''')
| |
| *A column is left blank in the table for the [[Wikipedia:tengwar|tengwar]]; they may some day be available on Frathwiki. | |
| *A blank space indicates that a suitable grapheme has not yet been found
| |
| *The use of the three weak vowels <ı>, <ɛ> and <y> is not interchangeable, so the same grapheme can be used to represent all three.
| |
| | |
| ===Language name abbreviations===
| |
| *Lat = Latin
| |
| *Grk = [[Wikipedia:Greek alphabet|Greek]]
| |
| *Cyr = [[Wikipedia:Cyrillic script|Cyrillic]]
| |
| *Arm = [[Wikipedia:Armenian alphabet|Armenian]] | |
| *Geo = [[Wikipedia:Georgian scripts|Georgian]] | |
| *Dev = [[Wikipedia:Devanagari|Devanāgarī]] | |
| *Gla = [[Wikipedia:Glagolitic alphabet|Glagolitic]] | |
| *Run = [[Wikipedia:Runes|Runic]] | |
| *Tng = [[Wikipedia:Tengwar|Tengwar]] | |
| *Heb = [[Wikipedia:Hebrew alphabet|Hebrew]]
| |
| *Ara = [[Wikipedia:Arabic alphabet|Arabic]]
| |
| *Tif = [[Wikipedia:Tifinagh|Tifinagh]]
| |
| *Kat = [[Wikipedia:Katakana|Katakana]]
| |
| *Hir = [[Wikipedia:Hiragana|Hiragana]]
| |
| *Tib = [[Wikipedia:Tibetan alphabet|Tibetan]]
| |
| *Bop = [[Wikipedia:Bopomofo|Bopomofo]]
| |
| | |
| ===The Labial Clan - '''feműka'''===
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
| |
| ! align=center |Lat
| |
| ! align=center |name
| |
| ! align=center |IPA
| |
| ! align=center |Grk
| |
| ! align=center |Cyr
| |
| ! align=center |Arm
| |
| ! align=center |Geo
| |
| ! align=center |Dev
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| ! align=center |Gla
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| ! align=center |Run
| |
| ! align=center |Tng
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| ! align=center |Heb
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| ! align=center |Ara
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| ! align=center |Tif
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| ! align=center |Kat
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| ! align=center |Hir
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| ! align=center |Tib
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| ! align=center |Bop
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |p
| |
| | align=center |'''pa'''
| |
| | align=center |p
| |
| | align=center |π
| |
| | align=center |п
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| | align=center |պ
| |
| | align=center |პ
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| | align=center |प
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| | align=center |ⱂ
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| | align=center |ᛈ
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| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |פּ
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| | align=center| ٮ
| |
| | align=center |ⵒ
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| | align=center |パ <sup>{{color|red|10}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ぱ
| |
| | align=center |པ
| |
| | align=center |ㄆ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |b
| |
| | align=center |'''ba'''
| |
| | align=center |b
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| | align=center |β
| |
| | align=center |б
| |
| | align=center |բ
| |
| | align=center |ბ
| |
| | align=center |ब
| |
| | align=center |ⰱ
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| | align=center |ᛒ
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| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |בּ <sup>{{color|red|7}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ب <sup>{{color|red|9}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ⴱ
| |
| | align=center |ㄅ
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| | align=center |バ
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| | align=center |བ
| |
| | align=center |ㄅ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |f
| |
| | align=center |'''fa'''
| |
| | align=center |ɸ
| |
| | align=center |ɸ
| |
| | align=center |ф
| |
| | align=center |ֆ
| |
| | align=center |ფ
| |
| | align=center |फ
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| | align=center |ᚠ
| |
| | align=center |ⱇ
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| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |פ
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| | align=center |ڡ
| |
| | align=center |ⴼ
| |
| | align=center |ㇷ
| |
| | align=center |ふ
| |
| | align=center |ཕ
| |
| | align=center |ㄈ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |v
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| | align=center |'''va'''
| |
| | align=center |β
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| | align=center |ϐ <sup>{{color|red|1}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |в
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| | align=center |վ
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| | align=center |ვ
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| | align=center |भ
| |
| | align=center |ᚡ
| |
| | align=center |ⰲ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ב
| |
| | align=center |ف
| |
| | align=center |ⵠ
| |
| | align=center |ㇷ゛
| |
| | align=center |ぶ
| |
| | align=center |བྷ
| |
| | align=center |ㄪ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |ƿ
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| | align=center |'''ƿa'''
| |
| | align=center |m̥
| |
| | align=center |ϝ <sup>{{color|red|2}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ӎ <sup>{{color|red|3}}</sup>
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| | align=center |ւ
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| | align=center |ჳ <sup>{{color|red|4}}</sup>
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| | align=center |व <sup>{{color|red|5}}</sup>
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| | align=center |Ⰼ <sup>{{color|red|6}}</sup>
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| | align=center |ᚹ
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| | align=center |
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| | align=center |מ
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| | align=center |م
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| | align=center |ⵡ
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| | align=center |ワ
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| | align=center |わ
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| | align=center |ཝ
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| | align=center |
| |
| |-
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| | align=center |m
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| | align=center |'''ma'''
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| | align=center |m
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| | align=center |μ
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| | align=center |м
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| | align=center |մ
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| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |म
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| | align=center |ⰿ
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| | align=center |ᛗ
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| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |מּ <sup>{{color|red|8}}</sup>
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| | align=center |ݥ
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| | align=center |ⵎ
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| | align=center |マ
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| | align=center |ま
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| | align=center |མ
| |
| | align=center |ㄇ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Notes====
| |
| # The cursive beta <ϐ> represents /β/. It does not have a descender.
| |
| # The archaic [[Wikipedia:Digamma|digamma]] <ϝ> represents the voiceless bilabial nasal /m̥/.
| |
| # The Kildin Sami em with tail <ӎ> represents /m̥/.
| |
| # The grapheme <ჳ> /v/ is reassigned the value /m̥/.
| |
| # The grapheme <व> /v/ is reassigned the value /m̊/.
| |
| # The grapheme <Ⰼ> /dʑ/ is reassigned the value /m̥/.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Dagesh|dagesh qal]], when needed, indicates a stop in the stop/fricative pairs.
| |
| # The dagesh qal, when needed, indicates the voiced member of the approximant pair.
| |
| # In Arabic the diacritic indicates voicing of the consonant.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Katakana|katakana]] and [[Wikipedia:Hiragana|hiragana]] syllabograms from the <a> column, with a few exceptions, are used for the Senjecan consonants.
| |
| | |
| ===The Dental Clan - '''rįsűka'''===
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
| |
| ! align=center |Lat
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| ! align=center |name
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| ! align=center |IPA
| |
| ! align=center |Grk
| |
| ! align=center |Cyr
| |
| ! align=center |Arm
| |
| ! align=center |Geo
| |
| ! align=center |Dev
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| ! align=center |Gla
| |
| ! align=center |Run
| |
| ! align=center |Tng
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| ! align=center |Heb
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| ! align=center |Ara
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| ! align=center |Tif
| |
| ! align=center |Kat
| |
| ! align=center |Hir
| |
| ! align=center |Tib
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| ! align=center |Bop
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |t
| |
| | align=center |'''ta'''
| |
| | align=center |t
| |
| | align=center |τ
| |
| | align=center |т
| |
| | align=center |տ
| |
| | align=center |ტ
| |
| | align=center |त
| |
| | align=center |ᛏ
| |
| | align=center |ⱅ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |תּ
| |
| | align=center |ط
| |
| | align=center |ⵜ
| |
| | align=center |タ
| |
| | align=center |た
| |
| | align=center |ཏ
| |
| | align=center |ㄉ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |d
| |
| | align=center |'''da'''
| |
| | align=center |d
| |
| | align=center |δ
| |
| | align=center |д
| |
| | align=center |դ
| |
| | align=center |დ
| |
| | align=center |द
| |
| | align=center |ᛞ
| |
| | align=center |ⰴ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |דּ
| |
| | align=center |ظ
| |
| | align=center |ⴷ
| |
| | align=center |ダ
| |
| | align=center |だ
| |
| | align=center |ད
| |
| | align=center |ㄉ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |þ
| |
| | align=center |'''þa'''
| |
| | align=center |θ
| |
| | align=center |θ
| |
| | align=center |c̨ <sup>{{color|red|3}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |թ
| |
| | align=center |თ̇
| |
| | align=center |थ
| |
| | align=center |ⱚ
| |
| | align=center |ᚦ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ת
| |
| | align=center |د
| |
| | align=center |ⵝ
| |
| | align=center |タ̣ <sup>{{color|red|8}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |タ̣ <sup>{{color|red|10}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ཐ
| |
| | align=center |ㄊ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |ð
| |
| | align=center |'''ða'''
| |
| | align=center |ð
| |
| | align=center |ϑ <sup>{{color|red|1}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ҙ <sup>{{color|red|4}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ժ <sup>{{color|red|6}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |თ
| |
| | align=center |ध
| |
| | align=center |ⱚ
| |
| | align=center |ᚧ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |דּ
| |
| | align=center |ذ
| |
| | align=center |ⴸ
| |
| | align=center |タ̣゛
| |
| | align=center |タ̣゛
| |
| | align=center |དྷ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |ł
| |
| | align=center |'''ła'''
| |
| | align=center |l̥
| |
| | align=center |ƛ <sup>{{color|red|2}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ӆ <sup>{{color|red|5}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ղ
| |
| | align=center |ლ̇
| |
| | align=center |ळ <sup>{{color|red|7}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ᛪ
| |
| | align=center |ⱈ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ל
| |
| | align=center |ل
| |
| | align=center |ⵐ
| |
| | align=center |レ <sup>{{color|red|9}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |れ
| |
| | align=center |ཤ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |l
| |
| | align=center |'''la'''
| |
| | align=center |l
| |
| | align=center |λ
| |
| | align=center |л
| |
| | align=center |լ
| |
| | align=center |ლ
| |
| | align=center |ल
| |
| | align=center |ᛛ
| |
| | align=center |ⰾ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |לּ
| |
| | align=center |ڶ
| |
| | align=center |ⵍ
| |
| | align=center |レ゙
| |
| | align=center |れ゙
| |
| | align=center |ལ
| |
| | align=center |ㄌ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Notes====
| |
| # The Greek script theta symbol <ϑ> represents /ð/.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Barred lambda|barred lambda]] <ƛ> represents /l̥/.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Bashkir Language|Bashkir]] ''the'' <ҫ> represents /θ/.
| |
| # The Bashkir ''dhe'' <ҙ> represents /ð/.
| |
| # The Kildin Sami <ӆ> /l̥/ represents /l̥/.
| |
| # The grapheme <ժ> /ʒ/ is reassigned the value /ð/.
| |
| # The grapheme <ळ> /ḷ/ is reassigned the value /l̥/.
| |
| # The graphemes for /θ/ and /ð/ are taken from the [[Wikipedia:Taiwanese kana|Taiwanese katakana]] <タ̣ >, /tʰa/.
| |
| # As there is no /l/ in Japanese, the [[Wikipedia:Kana|kana]] for ''re'' is used.
| |
| # As there are no Taiwanese hiragana, the katakana are used instead.
| |
| | |
| ===The Alveolar Clan - '''muitűka'''===
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
| |
| ! align=center |Lat
| |
| ! align=center |name
| |
| ! align=center |IPA
| |
| ! align=center |Grk
| |
| ! align=center |Cyr
| |
| ! align=center |Arm
| |
| ! align=center |Geo
| |
| ! align=center |Dev
| |
| ! align=center |Gla
| |
| ! align=center |Run
| |
| ! align=center |Tng
| |
| ! align=center |Heb
| |
| ! align=center |Ara
| |
| ! align=center |Tif
| |
| ! align=center |Kat
| |
| ! align=center |Hir
| |
| ! align=center |Tib
| |
| ! align=center |Bop
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |c
| |
| | align=center |'''ca'''
| |
| | align=center |ʦ
| |
| | align=center |ϻ <sup>{{color|red|1}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ц
| |
| | align=center |ծ
| |
| | align=center |ც
| |
| | align=center |च <sup>{{color|red|5}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ⱌ
| |
| | align=center |ᛋ <sup>{{color|red|6}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |צ
| |
| | align=center |ک <sup>{{color|red|8}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ⵜⵙ
| |
| | align=center |ツ <sup>{{color|red|10}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |つ
| |
| | align=center |ཙ
| |
| | align=center |ㄗ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |ᵶ
| |
| | align=center |'''ᵶa'''
| |
| | align=center |ʣ
| |
| | align=center |ϡ <sup>{{color|red|2}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ѕ <sup>{{color|red|4}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ձ
| |
| | align=center |ძ
| |
| | align=center |ज
| |
| | align=center |ⰷ
| |
| | align=center |ᛨ <sup>{{color|red|7}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |צ
| |
| | align=center |ݢ <sup>{{color|red|9}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ⴶ
| |
| | align=center |ヅ
| |
| | align=center |づ
| |
| | align=center |ཛ
| |
| | align=center |ㄓ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |s
| |
| | align=center |'''sa'''
| |
| | align=center |s
| |
| | align=center |ς <sup>{{color|red|3}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |с
| |
| | align=center |ս
| |
| | align=center |ს
| |
| | align=center |स
| |
| | align=center |ᛊ
| |
| | align=center |ⱄ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ס
| |
| | align=center |ص
| |
| | align=center |ⵙ
| |
| | align=center |サ
| |
| | align=center |さ
| |
| | align=center |ལ
| |
| | align=center |ㄙ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |z
| |
| | align=center |'''za'''
| |
| | align=center |z
| |
| | align=center |ζ
| |
| | align=center |з
| |
| | align=center |ზ
| |
| | align=center |զ
| |
| | align=center |ज़
| |
| | align=center |ⰸ
| |
| | align=center |ᛉ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ז
| |
| | align=center |ض
| |
| | align=center |ⵣ
| |
| | align=center |ザ
| |
| | align=center |ざ
| |
| | align=center |ཟཡ
| |
| | align=center |ㄕ <sup>{{color|red|11}}</sup>
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |r
| |
| | align=center |'''ra'''
| |
| | align=center |r̥
| |
| | align=center |ρ
| |
| | align=center |р
| |
| | align=center |ռ
| |
| | align=center |რ
| |
| | align=center |र
| |
| | align=center |ⱃ
| |
| | align=center |ᚱ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ר
| |
| | align=center |ر
| |
| | align=center |ⵖ
| |
| | align=center |ラ
| |
| | align=center |ら
| |
| | align=center |ར
| |
| | align=center |ㄖ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |n
| |
| | align=center |'''na'''
| |
| | align=center |n
| |
| | align=center |ν
| |
| | align=center |н
| |
| | align=center |ն
| |
| | align=center |ნ
| |
| | align=center |न
| |
| | align=center |ⱀ
| |
| | align=center |ᚾ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |נ
| |
| | align=center |ں
| |
| | align=center |ⵏ
| |
| | align=center |ナ
| |
| | align=center |な
| |
| | align=center |ན
| |
| | align=center |ㄋ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Notes====
| |
| # The archaic [[Wikipedia:San (letter)#Arcadian "Tsan"|''san'']] <ϻ> represents /ʦ/.
| |
| # The archaic [[Wikipedia:Sampi|''sampi'']] <ϡ> is reassigned the value /ʣ/.
| |
| # The sigma form <σ> is not used.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Dze|Macedonian ''dze'']] <ѕ> represents /ʣ/.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Sowilo|''sigel'']] rune <ᛋ> /s/ is reassigned the value /ʦ/.
| |
| # The Icelandic [[Wikipedia:Algiz#Younger Futhark|''yr'']] rune <ᛨ> /r/ is reassigned the value /ʣ/.
| |
| # The graphemes <च> /t͡ʃ/ and <ज> /d͡ʒ/ are reassigned the values /ʦ/ and /ʣ/.
| |
| # The grapheme ''keheh'' <ک> /kʰ/ is reassigned the value /ʦ/.
| |
| # There are many variations of the basic Arabic graphemes to meet the phonemic needs of many languages. Simpler forms have been adopted for Senjecas, using a dot for the voiced members of a pair, when necessary.
| |
| # As Japanese lacks a <tsa>, the syllable <ツ>, <tsu>, represents /ʦ/.
| |
| # The grapheme <ㄕ> /ʂ/ is reassigned the value /z/.
| |
| | |
| ===The Palatal Clan - '''vainűka'''===
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
| |
| ! align=center |Lat
| |
| ! align=center |name
| |
| ! align=center |IPA
| |
| ! align=center |Grk
| |
| ! align=center |Cyr
| |
| ! align=center |Arm
| |
| ! align=center |Geo
| |
| ! align=center |Dev
| |
| ! align=center |Gla
| |
| ! align=center |Run
| |
| ! align=center |Tng
| |
| ! align=center |Heb
| |
| ! align=center |Ara
| |
| ! align=center |Tif
| |
| ! align=center |Kat
| |
| ! align=center |Hir
| |
| ! align=center |Tib
| |
| ! align=center |Bop
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |k
| |
| | align=center |'''ka'''
| |
| | align=center |c
| |
| | align=center |κ
| |
| | align=center |к
| |
| | align=center |կ
| |
| | align=center |კ
| |
| | align=center |क
| |
| | align=center |ᚲ
| |
| | align=center |ⰽ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |כ
| |
| | align=center |ک
| |
| | align=center |ⴽ
| |
| | align=center |カ
| |
| | align=center |か
| |
| | align=center |ཀ
| |
| | align=center |ㄍ
| |
| | |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |g
| |
| | align=center |'''ga'''
| |
| | align=center |ɟ
| |
| | align=center |γ
| |
| | align=center |г
| |
| | align=center |գ
| |
| | align=center |გ
| |
| | align=center |ग
| |
| | align=center |ᚷ
| |
| | align=center |ⰳ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ג
| |
| | align=center |ݢ
| |
| | align=center |ⴳ
| |
| | align=center |ガ
| |
| | align=center |が
| |
| | align=center |ག
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |x
| |
| | align=center |'''xa'''
| |
| | align=center |ç
| |
| | align=center |χ
| |
| | align=center |ќ <sup>{{color|red|4}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |խ
| |
| | align=center |խ̣
| |
| | align=center |ख
| |
| | align=center |ᛪ
| |
| | align=center |ⱈ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ח
| |
| | align=center |ﺣ
| |
| | align=center |ⴿ
| |
| | align=center |カ <sup>{{color|red|7}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |カ
| |
| | align=center |ཁ
| |
| | align=center |ㄎ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |ᵹ
| |
| | align=center |'''ᵹa'''
| |
| | align=center |ʝ
| |
| | align=center |ϙ <sup>{{color|red|1}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ѓ <sup>{{color|red|5}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ք <sup>{{color|red|6}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ღ
| |
| | align=center |घ
| |
| | align=center |ⰶ
| |
| | align=center |ᛩ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ק
| |
| | align=center |ﺧ
| |
| | align=center |ⴿ
| |
| | align=center |ガ
| |
| | align=center |ガ
| |
| | align=center |ག
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |h
| |
| | align=center |'''ha'''
| |
| | align=center |ȷ̊
| |
| | align=center |ⱶ <sup>{{color|red|2}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |h
| |
| | align=center |հ
| |
| | align=center |ჱ
| |
| | align=center |ह
| |
| | align=center |ⱍ
| |
| | align=center |ᚺ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ה
| |
| | align=center |ه
| |
| | align=center |ⵀ
| |
| | align=center |ハ
| |
| | align=center |は
| |
| | align=center |ཧ
| |
| | align=center |ㄏ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |ȝ
| |
| | align=center |'''ȝa'''
| |
| | align=center |j
| |
| | align=center |j <sup>{{color|red|3}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |j
| |
| | align=center |յ
| |
| | align=center |ჲ
| |
| | align=center |य
| |
| | align=center |ⰺ
| |
| | align=center |ᛃ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |י
| |
| | align=center |ى
| |
| | align=center |ⵢ
| |
| | align=center |ヤ
| |
| | align=center |や
| |
| | align=center |ཟ
| |
| | align=center |ㄐ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Notes====
| |
| # The archaic [[Wikipedia:Koppa (letter)|qoppa]] <ϙ> represents /ɣ/.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Heta|half heta]] <ⱶ> represents /j̊/.
| |
| # The Greek [[Wikipedia:J|yot]] <j> represents /j/.
| |
| # The Macedonian [[Wikipedia:kje|kje]] <ќ> represents /ç/.
| |
| # The Macedonian [[Wikipedia:gje|gye]] <ѓ> represents /ʝ/.
| |
| # The Armenian <ք> /kʰ/ is reassigned the value /ʝ/.
| |
| # The Taiwanese /kʰ/ represents <x> and <ᵹ> in both katakana and hiragana.
| |
| | |
| ===The Vowel Clan - '''áršenűka'''===
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
| |
| ! align=center |Lat
| |
| ! align=center |name
| |
| ! align=center |IPA
| |
| ! align=center |Grk
| |
| ! align=center |Cyr
| |
| ! align=center |Arm
| |
| ! align=center |Geo
| |
| ! align=center |Dev
| |
| ! align=center |Gla
| |
| ! align=center |Run
| |
| ! align=center |Tng
| |
| ! align=center |Heb
| |
| ! align=center |Ara
| |
| ! align=center |Tif
| |
| ! align=center |Kat
| |
| ! align=center |Hir
| |
| ! align=center |Tib
| |
| ! align=center |Bop
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |i<br>į <sup>{{color|red|1}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |'''i'''<br>'''pı̋ði'''
| |
| | align=center |i<br>i:
| |
| | align=center |ι<br>ῖ <sup>{{color|red|2}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |и<br>ӣ <sup>{{color|red|3}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ի<br>ի՛ <sup>{{color|red|7}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ი<br>ი̄
| |
| | align=center |इ<br>ई
| |
| | align=center |ⰹ<br>ⰹⰹ
| |
| | align=center |ᛁ<br>ᛁᛁ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ב<br>בִ
| |
| | align=center |ﻱ<br>يٰ <sup>{{color|red|15}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ⵉ<br>ⵉⵉ
| |
| | align=center |イ<br>イー <sup>{{color|red|21}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |い<br>いー
| |
| | align=center |<br>
| |
| | align=center |ㄧ<br>
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |e<br>ę
| |
| | align=center |'''e'''<br>'''pı̋ðe'''
| |
| | align=center |e<br>e:
| |
| | align=center |η<br>ῆ
| |
| | align=center |е<br>е̄
| |
| | align=center |է<br>է՛
| |
| | align=center |ე<br>ე̄
| |
| | align=center |ए<br>ऐ <sup>{{color|red|8}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ⰵ<br>ⰵⰵ
| |
| | align=center |ᛖ<br>ᛖᛖ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |אֵ<br>אֵֽ
| |
| | align=center |اِ <sup>{{color|red|16}}</sup><br>اِٰ
| |
| | align=center |‹<br>«
| |
| | align=center |エ<br>エー
| |
| | align=center |え<br>えー
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ㄝ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |a<br>ą
| |
| | align=center |'''a'''<br>'''pı̋ða'''
| |
| | align=center |a<br>a:
| |
| | align=center |α<br>ᾶ
| |
| | align=center |а<br>а̄
| |
| | align=center |ա<br>ա՛
| |
| | align=center |ა<br>ა̄
| |
| | align=center |अ<br>आ
| |
| | align=center |ⰰ<br>ⰰⰰ
| |
| | align=center |ᚨ<br>ᚨᚨ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |אַ<br>אַֽ
| |
| | align=center |ا<br>ﺁ <sup>{{color|red|17}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ⴰ<br>ⴰⴰ
| |
| | align=center |ア<br>アー
| |
| | align=center |あ<br>あー
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ㄚ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |ɔ<br>ɔ̨
| |
| | align=center |'''ɔ'''<br>'''pı̋ðɔ'''
| |
| | align=center |ɔ<br>ɔ:
| |
| | align=center |ω<br>ῶ
| |
| | align=center |ѡ <sup>{{color|red|4}}</sup><br>ѡ̄
| |
| | align=center |ո<br>ո՛
| |
| | align=center |ო<br>ო̄
| |
| | align=center |ऋ <sup>{{color|red|9}}</sup><br>ॠ
| |
| | align=center |ⱉ<br>ⱉⱉ
| |
| | align=center |ᛟ <sup>{{color|red|11}}</sup><br>ᛟᛟ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |אָ<br> אׇֽ
| |
| | align=center |ﻉ <sup>{{color|red|18}}</sup><br>ﻉٰ
| |
| | align=center |=<br>==
| |
| | align=center |ヲ <sup>{{color|red|22}}</sup><br>ヲー
| |
| | align=center |を<br>をー
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ㄜ <sup>{{color|red|24}}</sup>
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |o<br>ǫ
| |
| | align=center |'''o'''<br>'''pı̋ðo'''
| |
| | align=center |o<br>o:
| |
| | align=center |ο<br>õ
| |
| | align=center |o<br>о̄
| |
| | align=center |օ<br>օ՛
| |
| | align=center |ჵ<br>ჵ̄
| |
| | align=center |ओ<br>औ<sup>{{color|red|10}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ⱁ<br>ⱁⱁ
| |
| | align=center |ᚩ<br>ᚩᚩ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |אֹ<br> אֹֽ
| |
| | align=center |وٚ <sup>{{color|red|19}}</sup><br>وٰٚ
| |
| | align=center |-<br>--
| |
| | align=center |オ<br>オー
| |
| | align=center |お<br>おー
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ㄛ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |u<br>ų
| |
| | align=center |'''u'''<br>'''pı̋ðu'''
| |
| | align=center |u<br>u:
| |
| | align=center |υ<br>ῦ
| |
| | align=center |у<br>ӯ
| |
| | align=center |ու<br>ու՛
| |
| | align=center |უ<br>უ̄
| |
| | align=center |उ<br>ऊ
| |
| | align=center |ⱆ<br>ⱆⱆ
| |
| | align=center |ᚢ<br>ᚢᚢ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |אֻ<br>אֻֽ
| |
| | align=center |و<br>وٰ
| |
| | align=center |ⵓ<br>ⵓⵓ
| |
| | align=center |ウ<br>ウー
| |
| | align=center |う<br>うー
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ㄨ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |ı
| |
| | align=center |'''nı̋þi'''
| |
| | align=center |ɪ
| |
| | align=center |ῐ
| |
| | align=center |ы
| |
| | align=center |ը
| |
| | align=center |ჷ
| |
| | align=center |इॆ
| |
| | align=center |ⱏ
| |
| | align=center |ᛇ <sup>{{color|red|12}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |אְִ
| |
| | align=center |ە <sup>{{color|red|20}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ｲｰ <sup>{{color|red|23}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ぃｰ
| |
| | align=center |ལ
| |
| | align=center |ㄣ <sup>{{color|red|25}}</sup>
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |ε
| |
| | align=center |'''nı̋þe'''
| |
| | align=center |ε
| |
| | align=center |ы
| |
| | align=center |ə <sup>{{color|red|5}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ը
| |
| | align=center |ჷ
| |
| | align=center |ऎ
| |
| | align=center |ⱐ
| |
| | align=center |ᛂ <sup>{{color|red|13}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |אְֵ
| |
| | align=center |ە
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ｴｰ
| |
| | align=center |ぇｰ
| |
| | align=center |ལ
| |
| | align=center |ㄣ
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |y
| |
| | align=center |'''nı̋þu'''
| |
| | align=center |ʊ
| |
| | align=center |ῠ
| |
| | align=center |ұ <sup>{{color|red|6}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ը
| |
| | align=center |ჷ
| |
| | align=center |उॆ
| |
| | align=center |ⱛ
| |
| | align=center |ᚣ <sup>{{color|red|14}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |אְֻ
| |
| | align=center |ە
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |ｳｰ
| |
| | align=center |ぅｰ
| |
| | align=center |ལ
| |
| | align=center |ㄣ
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Notes====
| |
| # When using the Latin alphabet, [[Wikipedia:Vowel length|vowel length]] is indicated by an [[Wikipedia:Ogonek|ogonek]] ('''ke̋ᵹko''') under the vowel.
| |
| # When using the Greek alphabet, vowel length is indicated by a [[Wikipedia:Tilde|tilde]] ('''piðne̋uo''') over the vowel.
| |
| # When using the Cyrillic and the Georgian alphabets, vowel length is indicated by a [[Wikipedia:Macron|macron]] ('''piðbőto''') over the vowel.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Omega (Cyrillic)|Cyrillic omega]] <ѡ> represents <ɔ>.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Adyghe language|Adyghe]] ''schwa'' /ə/.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Kazakh Short U|Kazakh short U]] <ұ>.
| |
| # The stress mark [[Wikipedia:Armenian alphabet|''shesht'']] <՛> is reassigned to indicate long vowels.
| |
| # The grapheme <ऐ> /ai/ is reassigned the value /e:/.
| |
| # The graphemes <ऋ> and <ॠ>, /r̩/ and /r̩ː/ respectively, are reassigned the values /ɔ/ and /ɔ:/.
| |
| # The grapheme <औ> /au/ is reassigned the value /o:/.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Odal (rune)|''othala'']] rune <ᛟ> /o/ is reassigned the value /ɔ/.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Eihwaz)|''eiwaz'']] rune <ᛇ> /æ:/ is reassigned the value /ɪ/.
| |
| # The medieval rune ''e'' <ᛂ> /e:/ is reassigned the value /ɛ/.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Ur (rune)|''ȳr'']] rune <ᚣ> /y/ is reassigned the value /ʊ/.
| |
| # When using the Arabic alphabet, vowel length is indicated by the use of the superscript [[Wikipedia:Khanjariyah alif|alif]] < ٰ >./
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Blochi language|Balochi]] /e/.
| |
| # Long a <a:> is represented by [[Wikipedia:Aleph|alif]] with [[Wikipedia:Fatha|fatha]].
| |
| # The letter [[Wikipedia:Ayin|ayin]] is reassigned to represent /ɔ/.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Kurdish alphabets|Sorani Kurdish]] letter for /o/.
| |
| # The [[Wikipedia:Uyghur Arabic alphabet|Uyghur]] letter for /ɛ,æ/
| |
| # When using the katakana and the hiragana, vowel length is indicated by the [[Wikipedia:Chōonpu|chōonpu]], long vowel mark <ー>.
| |
| # The obsolescent letter [[Wikipedia:Wo (kana)|wo]] <ヲ, を> is reassigned to represent /ɔ/.
| |
| # The half-width vowel mark and chōonpu <ｰ> are used to represent the weak vowels.
| |
| # The grapheme <ㄜ> /ɤ/ has been reassigned to represent /ɔ/.
| |
| # The grapheme <ㄣ> /ən/ has been reassigned to represent the weak vowels.
| |
| | |
| ===Labialization ('''fémšenkı̋a''') and Palatalization ('''váinšenkı̋a''') ===
| |
| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
| |
| ! align=center |Lat
| |
| ! align=center |name
| |
| ! align=center |IPA
| |
| ! align=center |Grk
| |
| ! align=center |Cyr
| |
| ! align=center |Arm
| |
| ! align=center |Geo
| |
| ! align=center |Dev
| |
| ! align=center |Gla
| |
| ! align=center |Run
| |
| ! align=center |Tng
| |
| ! align=center |Heb
| |
| ! align=center |Ara
| |
| ! align=center |Tif
| |
| ! align=center |Kat
| |
| ! align=center |Hir
| |
| ! align=center |Tib
| |
| ! align=center |Bop
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |š
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |sʷ
| |
| | align=center |σῠ <sup>{{color|red|1}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |č <sup>{{color|red|3}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |სჵ <sup>{{color|red|5}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |सॉ <sup>{{color|red|6}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ⱄⱏ <sup>{{color|red|8}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ᛊᚥ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |שו
| |
| | align=center |ﺹٔ <sup>{{color|red|10}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ⵙ ⵐ
| |
| | align=center |サゥ <sup>{{color|red|12}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |さぅ
| |
| | align=center |ལྻ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |-
| |
| | align=center |ṡ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |sʲ
| |
| | align=center |σῐ <sup>{{color|red|2}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ć <sup>{{color|red|4}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |სჲ
| |
| | align=center |सॅ <sup>{{color|red|7}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ⱄⱐ <sup>{{color|red|9}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ᛊᛄ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| | align=center |שי
| |
| | align=center |صۦ <sup>{{color|red|11}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |ⵙⵯ
| |
| | align=center |サャ <sup>{{color|red|13}}</sup>
| |
| | align=center |さゃ
| |
| | align=center |ལྺ
| |
| | align=center |
| |
| |}
| |
| | |
| ====Notes====
| |
| # Labialization is indicated with ''upsilon'' with [[Wikipedia:Breve|breve]] <ῠ>.
| |
| # Palatalization is indicated with ''iota'' with breve <ῐ>.
| |
| # By analogy with the Latin alphabet labialization is indicated with a circumflex.
| |
| # The use of an acute accent to indicate palatalization is taken from the [[Wikipedia:Montenegrin alphabet|Montenegrin alphabet]].
| |
| # Using <ჵ> /o/ for labialization causes no problem since there is no diphthong <oV>.
| |
| # The chand <ॉ> is reassigned to indicate labialization.
| |
| # The chand <ॅ> is reassigned to indicate palatalization.
| |
| # Labialization is indicated with the hard sign <ⱏ>.
| |
| # Palatalization is indicated with the soft sign <ⱐ>.
| |
| # Labialization is indicated with the small [[Wikipedia:Waw (letter)|''waw'']] < ٔ >.
| |
| # Palatalization is indicated with the small ''yeh'' < ۧ >.
| |
| # Labialization is indicated with the small kana ''u'' <ゥ,ぅ>.
| |
| # Palatalization is indicated with the small kana ''i'' <ャ,ゃ>.
| |
