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Senjecas music: Difference between revisions

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{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
<font size = 4>
! &nbsp;
 
!Bilabial
==Pronunciation table==
!Dental
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1150px;"
!Alveolar
! colspan="6" | <center>'''peműko'''<br>(labial)</center>
!Palatal
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''riisűko'''<br>(dental)
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''muitűko'''<br>(alveolar)
|
|
! colspan="6-" | '''vainűko'''<br>(palatal)
|
|
! colspan="2" |
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(vowels with प)
|
|
! colspan="3" | '''nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(weak vowels)
|-
|-
|'''Plosives'''
! <center>p</center>
| align=center | p /p/
! b
b /b/
! f
| align=center | t /t/
! v
d /d/
! m̃
| align=center | c /ʦ/
! m
ƶ /ʣ/
|
| align=center | k /c~k/
|
g /ɟ~g/
! t
! d
! þ
! ð
! ɫ
! l
|
|
! ṡ
! ż
! s
! z
! r
! n
|
|
! k
! g
! x
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
! h
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
|
|
! š
! s̨
|
|
! i
! e
! a
! [[Wikipedia:O|ɔ]]
! o
! u
|
|
! ı
! ɛ
! y
|-
|-
|'''Spirants'''
! <center>प</center>
| align=center | f /ɸ/
! ब
v /β/
! फ
| align=center | þ /θ/
! भ
ð /ð/
! म़
| align=center | s /s/
! म
z /z/
|
| align=center | x /ç~x/
|
ᵹ /ç~ʝ
! त
! द
! थ
! ध
! ल़
! ल
|
|
! च
! ज
! स
! स़
! र
! न
|
|
! क
! ग
! क़
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ग़]]
! ह
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|य]]
|
|
! स्व
! स्य
|
|
! इ ई<br>पि पी
! ए एै<br>पे पै
! अ आ<br>प पा
! ऒ ॵ<br>पॊ पॏ
! ओ औ<br>पो पौ
! उ ऊ<br>पु पू
|
|
! पं
! पऺ
! पॅ
|-
|-
|'''Sonorants'''
| /p/
| align=center | ɱ /m̥/
| /b/
m /m/
| /ɸ/
| align=center | ł /l̥/
| /β/
l /l/
| /m̥/
| align=center | r /ɾ̥/
| /m/
n /n/
!
| align=center | h /ȷ̊/
!
ȝ /j/
| /t/
| /d/
| /θ/
| /ð/
| /l̥/
| /l/
!
!
| /ʦ/
| /ʣ/
| /s/
| /z/
| /ɾ̥/
| /n/
!
!
| /k/
| /g/
| /ç/
| /ʝ/
| /j̊/
| /j/
!
!
| /sʷ/
| /sʲ/
!
!
| /i/
| /e/
| /ä/
| /ɒ/
| /o/
| /u/
!
!
| /ɪ/
| /ɛ/
| /ʊ/
|}
|}


{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
! &nbsp;
!Front
!Near-front
!Central
!Near-back
!Back
|-
|'''Close'''
| align=center |i /i/
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |
| align=center |u /u/


|-
==Notes==
|'''Near-close'''
#''cpd'' = a compound of two or more roots, ''e.g.'', '''oosl̨őmo''', mouth bow < '''őőso''', mouth; '''l̨őmo''', bow.
| align=center |
#''pol'' = a word with a different, but related sense to an original word, ''e.g.'', '''bűþa''', ''i.v.'' beat < '''bűþa''', ''i.v.'' throb, beat.
| align=center |ı /ɪ/
#These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered
| align=center |
#Items or concepts in {{Color|red|red}} were not available in Sefdaania.
| align=center |y /ʊ/
#There are 17 root words (lemmata) of which two are verbs and none are adjectives which can be treated as stative verbs. Thus 12 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.
| align=center |  
 
|-
 
|'''Mid'''
==Music terms - '''kűmo sa̋m̃os''' कु॓मऻ  स॓म़ोस्==
| align=center |
*''pol'' '''bűþ|a''', ''i.v.'' beat ['''bűþa''', ''i.v.'' throb, beat]. '''–me̋lo''', {{Color|red|metronome}}. '''-o''', beat.
| align=center |
*001 '''e̋ṡo''', drumhead [> [[Wikipedia:Iñupiaq language|Iñupiaq]] ''<u>is</u>i'', drum skin].
| align=center |ɘ /ə/
*''cpd'' '''gaalše̋nlos''' [[Wikipedia:Aerophone|aerophones]] [< '''ga̋a̋lo''', air; '''še̋na''', ''t.v.'' sound].
| align=center |
*002 '''ı̋ı̋z|o''', plectrum, pick [> [[Wikipedia:Tamil language|Tamil]] ''<u>iẓ</u>u'', stretch]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' play, pluck [''a stringed instrument'']. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' play, pluck [''a stringed instrument'']. '''-lu''', player.
| align=center |
*''cpd'' '''kooše̋nlos''' [[Wikipedia:Chordophone|chordophone]] [< '''kőőo''', string; '''še̋na''', ''t.v.'' sound].
|-
*003 '''kűm|o''', music [> Manchu ''<u>kum</u>un'', music]. '''-a̋a̋gu''', musician. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' compose [''music'']. '''-ı̋ƣa''', ''t.v.'' tune. '''-lo''', musical instrument. '''-lu''', composer.
|'''Close-mid'''
*''pol'' '''l̨őmo''', bow ['''l̨őmo''', bow (''archery'')].
| align=center |e /e/
*004 '''ɫı̋ı̋r|u''', bard, minstrel, skald. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' perform as bard, minstrel, skald. '''-i''', ''adj.'' bardic. '''-le̋ida''', minstrel show. '''-m̃e̋ƣo''', minstrel wagon. '''-sa̋a̋þo''', minstrel caravan. '''-űűra''', minstrelsy.
| align=center |
*''pol'' '''me̋żi''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|major}} ['''me̋żi''', ''adj.'' big].
| align=center |
*''cpd'' '''miše̋nlo''' [[Wikipedia:Idiophone|idiophone]] [< '''mı̋i''', ''adj.'' self; '''še̋na''', ''t.v.'' sound].
| align=center |
*''pol'' '''mőővi''', ''adj.'' piano ['''mőőva''', ''t.v.'' soften].
| align=center |o /o/
*005 '''mume̋ƣo''', drumstick [> [[Wikipedia:Yupik languages|Yupik]] ''<u>mumǝq</u>'', drumstick].
|-
*''cpd'' '''neƣše̋nlo''' [[Wikipedia:Membranophone|membranophone]] [< '''ne̋ƣo''', membrane; '''še̋na''', ''t.v.'' sound].
|'''Open'''
*''pol'' '''nı̋ı̋va''', ''t.v.'' strum ['''nı̋ı̋va''', ''t.v.'' stroke, touch gently].
| align=center |
*006 '''palűƣo''', drum handle [> [[Wikipedia: Iñupiaq language|Iñupiaq]] ''<u>pavfuk</u>'', drum handle].
| align=center |
*''pol'' '''pı̋ni''', ''adj.'' {{Color|red|minor}} ['''pı̋ni''', ''adj.'' little].
| align=center |a /a/
*''pol'' '''še̋n|o''', tone, note ['''še̋na''', ''t.v.'' sound]. '''-bűko''', scale [< '''bűko''', series]. '''-da̋go''', tune, melody [< '''da̋ga''', ''t.v.'' follow]. '''-ka̋þo''', chord [< '''ka̋þo''', combination]. '''-őőnta''', pitch [< '''őőni''' ''adj.'' high]. '''-pa̋a̋so''', key [< '''pa̋a̋sa''', ''t.v.'' be related to]. '''-te̋e̋ro''', timbre, tone [< '''te̋e̋ro''', color].
| align=center |
*007 '''tı̋ı̋g|o''', string [> [[Wikipedia:Telugu language|Telugu]] ''<u>tīg</u>-'', string]. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' string an instrument.
| align=center |ɔ /ɑ/
*''pol'' '''t̨a̋ȝi''', ''adj.'' forte ['''t̨a̋ȝi''', ''adj.'' loud].
|}


*''Words in green indicate items that did not exist in Sefdaania.''


==music terms – '''kumsa̋ɱos'''==
==Instruments – '''kűmlos''' कु॓म्लोस्==
===[[Wikipedia:Idiophone|Idiophones]] - '''miše̋nlos''' भिस्वे॓न्लोस्===
*''cpd'' '''oosl̨őmo''', [[Wikipedia:Musical bow|mouth bow]] [< '''őőso''', mouth; '''l̨őmo''', bow].
*008 '''ƥa̋so''', chime [> [[Wikipedia:Evenki language|Evenki]] ''<u>his</u>e'', stone].
*''cpd'' '''roovra̋a̋to''', [[Wikipedia:Slit drum|slit drum]] [< '''rőőbi''', ''adj.'' hollow; '''ra̋a̋to''', log].
*''cpd'' '''šerkűmlo''', [[Wikipedia:Jew's harp|{{Color|red|Jew’s harp}}]] [< '''še̋ra''', ''i.v.'' hum, buzz].
*''cpd'' '''ṡixše̋nlo''', [[Wikipedia:Xylophone|{{Color|red|xylophone}}]] [< '''ṡı̋xo''', bar, rod; '''še̋na''', ''t.v.'' sound].
*''cpd'' '''veðkűmlo''', [[Wikipedia:Glass harmonica|glass harmonica]] [< '''ve̋do''', glass].
*009 '''za̋r|o''', bell [> Georgian ზარი ''<u>zar</u>i'', bell]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' ring a bell.


*'''bűþa''', ''i.v.'' beat
===[[Wikipedia:Membranophone|Membranophones]] - '''neƣše̋nlos''' नेग़्स्वे॓न्लोस्===
::'''bűþo''', beat
*010 '''d̬a̋a̋n|o''', tambourine. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' play the tambourine.
*'''fǫ̋la''', ''i.v.'' descend
*011 '''tűm|o''', drum [> Japanese つづみ ''<u>tsuzum</u>í'', drum]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' drum. '''-bűþo''', drumbeat. '''-ı̋d̨a''', ''t.v.'' drum. '''-lu''', drummer.  
*001 '''ı̨̋za''' '''1.''' ''t.v.'' play, pluck [''a stringed instrument'']. '''2.''' ''i.v.'' play, pluck [''a stringed instrument'']
::'''ı̨̋zlu''', player
*002 '''kűma''' ''t.v.'' compose [''music'']
::'''kumą̋gu''', musician
::'''kűmo''', music
::'''kűmlo''', musical instrument
::'''kűmlu''', composer
::'''kumı̋ᵹa''', 1) ''t.v.'' tune. 2) ''i.v.'' tune
*'''lų̋di''', ''adj.'' minor
*003 '''łı̨̋ra''', ''i.v.'' perform as bard, minstrel, skald
::'''łı̨̋ri''', ''adj.'' bardic
::'''łįrle̋ida''', minstrel show
::'''łįrɱe̋ᵹo''', minstrel wagon
::'''łįrlu''', bard, minstrel, skald
::'''łįrsa̋þo''', minstrel caravan
::'''łirų̋ra''', minstrelsy
*'''še̋no''', tone, note
::'''šenǫ̋no''', pitch
::'''šenpą̋so''', key
::'''šenre̋no''', scale
::'''šentę̋ro''', timbre, tone
*004 '''tı̨̋ga''', ''t.v.'' string an instrument
::'''tı̨̋go''', string
*'''tőri''', ''adj.'' forte


==instruments – '''kűmlos'''==
===[[Wikipedia:Chordophone|Chordophones]] - '''kooše̋nlos''' कौस्वे॓न्लोस्===
*012 '''ðűx|o''', harp, lyre. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' play-, -a harp, -a lyre. '''-i''', ''adj.'' lyric. '''-lu''', harper, harpist, lyrist.
*013 '''ka̋rṡ|o''', an instrument like a [[Wikipedia:Zither|zither]]. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' play the kartso [> [[Wikipedia:Udmurt language|Udmurti]] ''<u>ki̮reǯ́</u>'', the Russian [[Wikipedia:Gusli|gusli]]].
*014 '''kűfr|o''', stringed instrument [> Japanese こと ''<u>kőt</u>o'']. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' play the kufro.
*''cpd'' '''saaðkőőo''', [[Wikipedia:Koto (instrument)|{{Color|red|koto}}]] [< '''sa̋a̋d''', ''adj.'' six; '''kőőo''', string].
*''cpd'' '''tirkőőo''', [[Wikipedia:Shamisen|{{Color|red|samisen}}]] [< '''tı̋r''', ''adj.'' three; '''kőőo''', string].


*'''benše̋ȝo''', [[Wikipedia:ocarina|ocarina]]
===[[Wikipedia:Aerophone|Aerophones]] - '''gaalše̋nlos''' गाल्स्वे॓न्लोस् ===
*'''cixše̋nlo''', [[Wikipedia:xylophone|xylophone]]
*''cpd'' '''benšı̋lo''', [[Wikipedia:Ocarina|ocarina]] [< '''be̋no''', red clay; '''šı̋a''', ''t.v.'' whistle].
*'''če̋ȝa''', 1) ''t.v.'' play [''the pipes''], blow [''a whistle'']. 2) ''i.v.'' play [''the pipes''], blow [''a whistle'']
*''pol'' '''kı̋|do''', horn. '''-a''', ''i.v.'' play a horn ['''kı̋do''', horn]; '''kiþ~''', goat horn. ['''kı̋te''', tur]. '''-ðlu''', hornist.
::'''čeȝma̋ko''', [[Wikipedia:bagpipe|bagpipe]]
*''cpd'' '''míxȝamtı̋vo''', [[Wikipedia:Bamboo musical instruments|{{Color|red|bamboo flute}}]], [[Wikipedia:Shakuhachi|{{Color|red|shakuhachi}}]] [< '''mı̋ki''', bamboo; '''ȝa̋mo''', hole; '''tı̋vo''', tube].
::'''če̋ȝo''', pipes, whistle
*''pol'' '''m̃e̋e̋|a''', ''t.v.'' play [''a wind instrument''] ['''m̃e̋e̋a''', ''t.v.'' blow]. '''-ðűxo''', [[Wikipedia:Aeolian harp|Aeolian-]], wind-, -harp. '''-kűmlo''', wind instrument.
::'''čeȝőᵹlo''', flute
*015 '''ne̋|do''', syrinx [> Lithuanian ''<u>nénd</u>rė'', reed]. '''-da''', ''i.v.'' play the [[Wikipedia:Pan flute|syrinx]]. '''-ðlu''', syringist.
::'''čeigą̋ilu''', one who sings to the flute
*''cpd'' '''níívṡ̬eȝőƣlo''', [[Wikipedia:Recorder (musical instrument)|{{Color|red|recorder}}]] [< '''nı̋ı̋va''', ''t.v.'' touch gently].
::'''če̋ilu''', piper
*''cpd'' '''pa̋xṡ̬eȝőƣlo''' fipple flute, recorder [< '''pa̋xo''', fipple].
*005 '''d̬ą̋na''', ''i.v.'' play the tambourine
*016 '''ṡ̬e̋|ȝo''', pipes [> English <u>whis</u>tle]. '''-iga̋a̋ilu''', one who sings to the flute. '''-ilu''', piper. '''-ima̋ko''', [[Wikipedia:Bagpipes|bagpipe]]. '''-ȝa''', ''i.v.'' play [''the pipes'']. '''-ȝőƣl=o''', flute. '''=a̋a̋gu''', flutist.
::'''d̬ą̋no''', [[Wikipedia:tambourine|tambourine]]
*''pol'' '''šı̋|o''', whistle ['''šı̋a''', ''t.v.'' whistle]. ''i.v.''blow [''a whistle''].
*006 '''e̋ċo''', [[Wikipedia:drumhead|drumhead]]
*017 '''tűű|to''', horn, {{Color|red|bugle, trumpet}} [> Englist <u>toot</u>]. '''-ta''', ''i.v.'' play a horn, bugle, trumpet. '''-þlu''', hornist, bugler, trumpeter.
*'''haðkı̋do''', [[Wikipedia:gemshorn|goat horn]]
*''cpd'' '''túlṡ̬eȝőƣlo''', [[Wikipedia:End-blown flute|end-blown flute]] [< '''tűlo''', duct] .
*'''ȝamtı̋vo''', flute
*''cpd'' '''túvṡ̬eȝőƣlo''', [[Wikipedia:Fipple|{{Color|red|transverse flute}}]] [< '''tűbo''', edge].
*007 '''ka̋rca''', ''i.v.'' play the kartsos
::'''ka̋rco''', kartsos [[Wikipedia:psaltery|''a lyre-like instrument'']]
*'''kęftűmo''', [[Wikipedia:slit drum|slit drum]]
*'''kı̋da''', ''i.v.'' play a horn
::'''kı̋do''', horn
::'''kı̋ðlu''', hornist
*008 '''kűfra''', ''i.v.'' play the kufro
::'''kűfro''', a string instrument
*'''ḷőmo''', bow
*'''míxȝamtı̋vo''', bamboo flute, [[Wikipedia:shakuhachi|{{Color|green|shakuhachi}}]]
*009 '''mume̋ᵹo''', drumstick
*'''ɱę̋a''', ''t.v.'' play [''a wind instrument'']
*'''ɱękűmlo''', wind instrument
*'''ɱękűrto''', [[Wikipedia:Aeolian harp|Aeolian-, wind-, -harp]]
*010 '''ne̋da''', ''i.v.'' play the syrinx
::'''ne̋do''', [[Wikipedia:Pan flute|syrinx]]
::'''ne̋ðlu''' syringist
*'''ǫusa̋nko''', [[Wikipedia:musical bow|mouth bow]]
*011 '''palűᵹo''', drum handle
*'''rą́þȝamtı̋vo''', [[Wikipedia: recorder (musical instrument)|{{Color|green|recorder}}]]
*'''rintı̨̋go''', [[Wikipedia:koto (instrument)|{{Color|green|koto}}]]
*'''šerkűmlo''', [[Wikipedia:Jew’s harp|Jew's harp]]
*'''šı̋lo''', whistle
*'''tįrtı̨̋go''', [[Wikipedia:shamisen|{{Color|green|samisen}}]]
*012 '''tų̋ta''', 1) ''t.v.'' trumpet. 2) ''i.v.'' play a horn, bugle, trumpet
::'''tų̋to''', horn, bugle, trumpet
::'''tų̋þlu''', hornist, bugler, trumpeter
*'''túlȝamtı̋vo''', [[Wikipedia:fipple|fipple]] flute
*013 '''tűma''', 1) ''t.v.'' drum. 2) ''i.v.'' drum
::'''tumbűþo''', drum-beat
::'''tűmlu''', drummer
::'''tűmo''', drum
*'''túvȝamtı̋vo''', edge-blown flute
*014 '''tűxa''', ''i.v.'' play-, -a harp, -a lyre
::'''tűxi''', ''adj.'' lyric
::'''tűxo''', harp, [[Wikipedia:lyre|lyre]]
::'''tűxlu''', harper, harpist, lyrist
*'''ve̋ðkűmlo''', [[Wikipedia:glass harmonica|glass harmonica]]
*015 '''za̋ra''', ''i.v.'' ring a bell
::'''za̋ro''', bell

Latest revision as of 18:45, 16 September 2024

Pronunciation table

peműko
(labial)
riisűko
(dental)
muitűko
(alveolar)
vainűko
(palatal)
ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(vowels with प)
nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(weak vowels)
p
b f v m t d þ ð ɫ l ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š i e a ɔ o u ı ɛ y
म़ ल़ स़ क़ ग़ स्व स्य इ ई
पि पी
ए एै
पे पै
अ आ
प पा
ऒ ॵ
पॊ पॏ
ओ औ
पो पौ
उ ऊ
पु पू
पं पऺ पॅ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Notes

  1. cpd = a compound of two or more roots, e.g., oosl̨őmo, mouth bow < őőso, mouth; l̨őmo, bow.
  2. pol = a word with a different, but related sense to an original word, e.g., bűþa, i.v. beat < bűþa, i.v. throb, beat.
  3. These words are not numbered, as only original roots are numbered
  4. Items or concepts in red were not available in Sefdaania.
  5. There are 17 root words (lemmata) of which two are verbs and none are adjectives which can be treated as stative verbs. Thus 12 percent of the vocabulary is verbs.


Music terms - kűmo sa̋m̃os कु॓मऻ स॓म़ोस्

  • pol bűþ|a, i.v. beat [bűþa, i.v. throb, beat]. –me̋lo, metronome. -o, beat.
  • 001 e̋ṡo, drumhead [> Iñupiaq isi, drum skin].
  • cpd gaalše̋nlos aerophones [< ga̋a̋lo, air; še̋na, t.v. sound].
  • 002 ı̋ı̋z|o, plectrum, pick [> Tamil iẓu, stretch]. -a, i.v. play, pluck [a stringed instrument]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. play, pluck [a stringed instrument]. -lu, player.
  • cpd kooše̋nlos chordophone [< kőőo, string; še̋na, t.v. sound].
  • 003 kűm|o, music [> Manchu kumun, music]. -a̋a̋gu, musician. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. compose [music]. -ı̋ƣa, t.v. tune. -lo, musical instrument. -lu, composer.
  • pol l̨őmo, bow [l̨őmo, bow (archery)].
  • 004 ɫı̋ı̋r|u, bard, minstrel, skald. -a, i.v. perform as bard, minstrel, skald. -i, adj. bardic. -le̋ida, minstrel show. -m̃e̋ƣo, minstrel wagon. -sa̋a̋þo, minstrel caravan. -űűra, minstrelsy.
  • pol me̋żi, adj. major [me̋żi, adj. big].
  • cpd miše̋nlo idiophone [< mı̋i, adj. self; še̋na, t.v. sound].
  • pol mőővi, adj. piano [mőőva, t.v. soften].
  • 005 mume̋ƣo, drumstick [> Yupik mumǝq, drumstick].
  • cpd neƣše̋nlo membranophone [< ne̋ƣo, membrane; še̋na, t.v. sound].
  • pol nı̋ı̋va, t.v. strum [nı̋ı̋va, t.v. stroke, touch gently].
  • 006 palűƣo, drum handle [> Iñupiaq pavfuk, drum handle].
  • pol pı̋ni, adj. minor [pı̋ni, adj. little].
  • pol še̋n|o, tone, note [še̋na, t.v. sound]. -bűko, scale [< bűko, series]. -da̋go, tune, melody [< da̋ga, t.v. follow]. -ka̋þo, chord [< ka̋þo, combination]. -őőnta, pitch [< őőni adj. high]. -pa̋a̋so, key [< pa̋a̋sa, t.v. be related to]. -te̋e̋ro, timbre, tone [< te̋e̋ro, color].
  • 007 tı̋ı̋g|o, string [> Telugu tīg-, string]. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. string an instrument.
  • pol t̨a̋ȝi, adj. forte [t̨a̋ȝi, adj. loud].


Instruments – kűmlos कु॓म्लोस्

Idiophones - miše̋nlos भिस्वे॓न्लोस्

  • cpd oosl̨őmo, mouth bow [< őőso, mouth; l̨őmo, bow].
  • 008 ƥa̋so, chime [> Evenki hise, stone].
  • cpd roovra̋a̋to, slit drum [< rőőbi, adj. hollow; ra̋a̋to, log].
  • cpd šerkűmlo, Jew’s harp [< še̋ra, i.v. hum, buzz].
  • cpd ṡixše̋nlo, xylophone [< ṡı̋xo, bar, rod; še̋na, t.v. sound].
  • cpd veðkűmlo, glass harmonica [< ve̋do, glass].
  • 009 za̋r|o, bell [> Georgian ზარი zari, bell]. -a, i.v. ring a bell.

Membranophones - neƣše̋nlos नेग़्स्वे॓न्लोस्

  • 010 d̬a̋a̋n|o, tambourine. -a, i.v. play the tambourine.
  • 011 tűm|o, drum [> Japanese つづみ tsuzumí, drum]. -a, i.v. drum. -bűþo, drumbeat. -ı̋d̨a, t.v. drum. -lu, drummer.

Chordophones - kooše̋nlos कौस्वे॓न्लोस्

  • 012 ðűx|o, harp, lyre. -a, i.v. play-, -a harp, -a lyre. -i, adj. lyric. -lu, harper, harpist, lyrist.
  • 013 ka̋rṡ|o, an instrument like a zither. -a, i.v. play the kartso [> Udmurti ki̮reǯ́, the Russian gusli].
  • 014 kűfr|o, stringed instrument [> Japanese こと kőto]. -a, i.v. play the kufro.
  • cpd saaðkőőo, koto [< sa̋a̋d, adj. six; kőőo, string].
  • cpd tirkőőo, samisen [< tı̋r, adj. three; kőőo, string].

Aerophones - gaalše̋nlos गाल्स्वे॓न्लोस्

  • cpd benšı̋lo, ocarina [< be̋no, red clay; šı̋a, t.v. whistle].
  • pol kı̋|do, horn. -a, i.v. play a horn [kı̋do, horn]; kiþ~, goat horn. [kı̋te, tur]. -ðlu, hornist.
  • cpd míxȝamtı̋vo, bamboo flute, shakuhachi [< mı̋ki, bamboo; ȝa̋mo, hole; tı̋vo, tube].
  • pol m̃e̋e̋|a, t.v. play [a wind instrument] [m̃e̋e̋a, t.v. blow]. -ðűxo, Aeolian-, wind-, -harp. -kűmlo, wind instrument.
  • 015 ne̋|do, syrinx [> Lithuanian nénd, reed]. -da, i.v. play the syrinx. -ðlu, syringist.
  • cpd níívṡ̬eȝőƣlo, recorder [< nı̋ı̋va, t.v. touch gently].
  • cpd pa̋xṡ̬eȝőƣlo fipple flute, recorder [< pa̋xo, fipple].
  • 016 ṡ̬e̋|ȝo, pipes [> English whistle]. -iga̋a̋ilu, one who sings to the flute. -ilu, piper. -ima̋ko, bagpipe. -ȝa, i.v. play [the pipes]. -ȝőƣl=o, flute. =a̋a̋gu, flutist.
  • pol šı̋|o, whistle [šı̋a, t.v. whistle]. i.v.blow [a whistle].
  • 017 tűű|to, horn, bugle, trumpet [> Englist toot]. -ta, i.v. play a horn, bugle, trumpet. -þlu, hornist, bugler, trumpeter.
  • cpd túlṡ̬eȝőƣlo, end-blown flute [< tűlo, duct] .
  • cpd túvṡ̬eȝőƣlo, transverse flute [< tűbo, edge].