Senjecas - but: Difference between revisions

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==Postposition==
<font size = 4>
'''šu''' - without, apart from, except


'''vísu tąta̋’ šu e-vı̋da:'''
==Pronunciation table==
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1150px;"
! colspan="6" | <center>'''peműko'''<br>(labial)</center>
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''riisűko'''<br>(dental)
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''muitűko'''<br>(alveolar)
|
|
! colspan="6-" | '''vainűko'''<br>(palatal)
|
|
! colspan="2" |
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(vowels with प)
|
|
! colspan="3" | '''nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(weak vowels)
|-
! <center>p</center>
! b
! f
! v
! m̃
! m
|
|
! t
! d
! þ
! ð
! ɫ
! l
|
|
! ṡ
! ż
! s
! z
! r
! n
|
|
! k
! g
! x
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
! h
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
|
|
! š
! s̨
|
|
! i
! e
! a
! [[Wikipedia:O|ɔ]]
! o
! u
|
|
! ı
! ɛ
! y
|-
! <center>प</center>
! ब
! फ
! भ
! म़
! म
|
|
! त
! द
! थ
! ध
! ल़
! ल
|
|
! च
! ज
! स
! स़
! र
! न
|
|
! क
! ग
! क़
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ग़]]
! ह
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|य]]
|
|
! स्व
! स्य
|
|
! इ ई<br>पि पी
! ए एै<br>पे पै
! अ आ<br>प पा
! ऒ ॵ<br>पॊ पॏ
! ओ औ<br>पो पौ
! उ ऊ<br>पु पू
|
|
! पं
! पऺ
! पॅ
|-
| /p/
| /b/
| /ɸ/
| /β/
| /m̥/
| /m/
!
!
| /t/
| /d/
| /θ/
| /ð/
| /l̥/
| /l/
!
!
| /ʦ/
| /ʣ/
| /s/
| /z/
| /ɾ̥/
| /n/
!
!
| /k/
| /g/
| /ç/
| /ʝ/
| /j̊/
| /j/
!
!
| /sʷ/
| /sʲ/
!
!
| /i/
| /e/
| /ä/
| /ɒ/
| /o/
| /u/
!
!
| /ɪ/
| /ɛ/
| /ʊ/
|}


Everyone but Father left.


{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
==Glossing abbreviations==
| align=center |'''vís-u'''
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
| align=center |'''tąt--''''
| 1s/p = 1st person singular/plural
| align=center |'''šu'''
| ABL = [[Wikipedia:Ablative case|ablative suffix]]
| align=center |'''e-vı̋d-a'''
| COL = [[Wikipedia:Collective noun|collective]]
| F = feminine
| INT = intensive prefix
| PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
| SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
| 2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural
| ABS = absolutive<br>(an unmarked modifying adjective)
| DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
| FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
| LAT = [[Wikipedia:Lative case|lative suffix]]
| PST = past
| TRZ = transitivizer
|-
| 3 = 3rd person
| ADV = adverb
| DIM = diminutive
| FUT = future
| LOC = [[Wikipedia:Locative case|locative suffix]]
| Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
| VOC = vocative particle
|-
| A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
| AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
| ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
| IMP = imperative
| M = masculine
| QUOT = direct quotation
| YNG = young
|-
| G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
| AP = agent (active) participle
| ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
| INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
| OCC = occupation suffix
| REV = [[Wikipedia:Opposite (semantics)|reversive]]
|
|-
| N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
| AUG = augmentative
| EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
| IND = indicative
| PP = patient (past) participle
| RPR = recent perfective
|
|-
|-
| align=center |everyone-NOM.SG
| V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
| align=center |father-STA.SG-ELIS
| CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
| align=center |but
| EQU = equative degree
| align=center |PST-leave-IND
| INS = instrument
| PRF = perfect
| SBJ = subjunctive
|
|}
|}


==Adverb==
'''átu''' - merely, only,  just


'''átu tı̋r ṭum-re̋n-os taᵹde̋mom do e̋sa:'''
==Postposition==
*'''1.''' '''ša''' स्व - without, apart from, except
*Everyone but Father left.
*भि॔सु तआत॓ऽ स्व ए-भि॓द॥
*'''vísu taata̋' ša e-vı̋da:'''
:{|
!vis-u||taat-a̋-'||ša||e=vı̋d-a
|-
|everyone-N.s||father-G.s-ELIS||but||PST=leave-IND
|}


It is but three miles to the inn.


{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
==Adverb==
| align=center |'''átu'''
*'''2.''' '''átu''' अ॔तु - merely, only, just
| align=center |'''tı̋r'''
*It is but three miles to the inn.
| align=center |'''ṭum-re̋n-os'''
*अ॔तु ति॓र् त्युम्रे॓नोस् तग़्दे॓मोम् दो ए॓स॥
| align=center |'''taᵹ-de̋m-om'''
*'''átu tı̋r t̨umre̋nos taƣde̋mom do e̋sa:'''
| align=center |'''do'''
:{|
| align=center |'''e̋s-a'''
!átu||tı̋r||t̨umre̋n-os||taƣ-de̋m-om||do||e̋s-a
|-
|-
| align=center |but
|but||three||mile-N.p||travel-building-A.s||to||be-IND
| align=center |three
| align=center |thousand-step-NOM.PL
| align=center |travel-building-MOT.SG
| align=center |to
| align=center |be-IND
|}
|}


==Conjunction==
==Conjunction==
*'''3.''' '''de''' दे - on the contrary, but rather, whereas
*I am not rich, but poor.
*मु ग़॓भ ने दे पै॓द॥
*'''mu ƣa̋va ne. de pe̋e̋da:'''
:{|
!m-u||ƣa̋v-a||ne||de||pe̋e̋d-a
|-
|1s-N||be.rich-IND||not||but||be.poor-IND
|}


'''ši''' - except (for), excluding
'''ne̋xa őpa mús o ši vı̋du e-vűla:'''


I had no choice but to leave.
*'''4.''' '''ésti''' ए॔स्ति - however, although, nevertheless
 
*She is very old but still beautiful.
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
*ए॔यु ल॓बु जै॓रु ए॔स्ति ओ॔दु गो॓बु भू॓अ॥
| align=center |'''ne̋x-a'''
*'''éȝu lábu że̋e̋ru ésti ódu gőbu vűűa:'''
| align=center |'''őp-a'''
:{|
| align=center |'''m-ús'''
!éȝ-u||lábu||że̋e̋r-u||ésti||ódu||gőb-u||vűű-a
| align=center |'''o'''
| align=center |'''ši'''
| align=center |'''vı̋d-u'''
| align=center |'''e-vűl-a'''
|-
|-
| align=center |no-NOM.SG
|3-N.s||very||old-N.s||but||still||beautiful-N.s||be-IND
| align=center |choice-NOM.SG
| align=center |1-STA.SG
| align=center |to
| align=center |but
| align=center |leave-SUP
| align=center |PST-there.be-IND
|}
|}


'''þǫ́si''' - on the contrary, but rather (< '''þǫ̋sa''', ''t.v.'' oppose, face)


'''mu ᵹa̋va ne þǫ́si pę̋da:'''
*'''5.''' '''ši''' स्वि - except (for), excluding
 
*I had no choice but to leave.
I am not rich, but poor.
*मु ने॓अ ओ॓पम् स्वि भि॓दु ए-ग़े॓भ॥
 
*'''mu ne̋a őpam ši vı̋du e-ƣe̋va:'''
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
:{|
| align=center |'''m-u'''
!m-u||ne̋a-Ø||őp-am||ši||vı̋d-u||e=ƣe̋v-a
| align=center |'''ᵹa̋v-a'''
| align=center |'''ne'''
| align=center |'''þǫ́si'''
| align=center |'''pę̋d-a'''
|-
|-
| align=center |1-NOM.SG
|1s-N||no-ABS||choice-A.s||but||leave-SUP||PST=have-IND
| align=center |be.rich-IND
| align=center |not
| align=center |but
| align=center |be.poor-IND
|}
|}


'''ésti''' - however, although, nevertheless
'''nu lábu ƶę̋ru ésti gőbu vűa:'''
She is very old but she is beautiful.


{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
*'''6.''' '''ši''' स्वि - except that
| align=center |'''n-u'''
*I cannot but feel offended.
| align=center |'''lábu'''
*मु स्वि दे॓गथु उ॓तु फै॓अ॥
| align=center |'''ƶę̋r-u'''
*'''mu ši de̋gaþu űtu fe̋e̋a:'''
| align=center |'''ésti'''
:{|
| align=center |'''gőb-u'''
!m-u||ši||de̋g-a-þ-u||űt-u||fe̋e̋-a
| align=center |'''vű-a'''
|-
|-
| align=center |3-NOM.SG
|1s-N||but||offend-IND-PP-N.s||feel-SUP||be.unable-IND
| align=center |very
| align=center |old-NOM.SG
| align=center |but
| align=center |beautiful-NOM.SG
| align=center |be.IND
|}
|}


'''ši''' - except that (with subjunctive)
'''mu ṅe̋gu fę̋a ši de̋gaþu űto:'''
I cannot help but feel offended.


{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
*'''7.''' '''ši''' स्वि - without it being the case that, unless that
| align=center |'''m-u'''
*It never rains but it pours.
| align=center |'''ṅe̋g-u '''
*सू॓म़ ने॔क़ुम् स्वि पो॓स़॥
| align=center |'''fę̋-a'''
*'''sűűm̃a néxum. ši pőza:'''
| align=center |'''ši'''
:{|
| align=center |'''de̋g-aþ-u '''
!sűűm̃-a||néxum||ši||pőz-a
| align=center |'''űt-o'''
|-
|-
| align=center |1-NOM.SG
|rain-IND||never||but||pour-IND
| align=center |help-SUP
| align=center |be.unable-IND
| align=center |but
| align=center |offend-PPTCP-NOM.SG
| align=center |feel-SBJ
|}
|}


''' ši''' - without it being the case that, unless that


'''sų̋ɱa nexum ši že̋la:'''
[[Senjecas - by]]
 
It never rains but it pours.
 
{|class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
| align=center |'''sų̋ɱ-a'''
| align=center |'''nexum'''
| align=center |'''ši'''
| align=center |'''že̋l-a'''
|-
| align=center |rain-IND
| align=center |never
| align=center |but
| align=center |pour-IND
|}

Latest revision as of 11:43, 9 September 2024

Pronunciation table

peműko
(labial)
riisűko
(dental)
muitűko
(alveolar)
vainűko
(palatal)
ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(vowels with प)
nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(weak vowels)
p
b f v m t d þ ð ɫ l ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š i e a ɔ o u ı ɛ y
म़ ल़ स़ क़ ग़ स्व स्य इ ई
पि पी
ए एै
पे पै
अ आ
प पा
ऒ ॵ
पॊ पॏ
ओ औ
पो पौ
उ ऊ
पु पू
पं पऺ पॅ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural ABL = ablative suffix COL = collective F = feminine INT = intensive prefix PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural ABS = absolutive
(an unmarked modifying adjective)
DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative LAT = lative suffix PST = past TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FUT = future LOC = locative suffix Q = interrogative particle VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AG = agent ELIS = elision IMP = imperative M = masculine QUOT = direct quotation YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELT = elative INC = inchoative OCC = occupation suffix REV = reversive
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative EP = epenthesis IND = indicative PP = patient (past) participle RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive


Postposition

  • 1. ša स्व - without, apart from, except
  • Everyone but Father left.
  • भि॔सु तआत॓ऽ स्व ए-भि॓द॥
  • vísu taata̋' ša e-vı̋da:
vis-u taat-a̋-' ša e=vı̋d-a
everyone-N.s father-G.s-ELIS but PST=leave-IND


Adverb

  • 2. átu अ॔तु - merely, only, just
  • It is but three miles to the inn.
  • अ॔तु ति॓र् त्युम्रे॓नोस् तग़्दे॓मोम् दो ए॓स॥
  • átu tı̋r t̨umre̋nos taƣde̋mom do e̋sa:
átu tı̋r t̨umre̋n-os taƣ-de̋m-om do e̋s-a
but three mile-N.p travel-building-A.s to be-IND


Conjunction

  • 3. de दे - on the contrary, but rather, whereas
  • I am not rich, but poor.
  • मु ग़॓भ ने दे पै॓द॥
  • mu ƣa̋va ne. de pe̋e̋da:
m-u ƣa̋v-a ne de pe̋e̋d-a
1s-N be.rich-IND not but be.poor-IND


  • 4. ésti ए॔स्ति - however, although, nevertheless
  • She is very old but still beautiful.
  • ए॔यु ल॓बु जै॓रु ए॔स्ति ओ॔दु गो॓बु भू॓अ॥
  • éȝu lábu że̋e̋ru ésti ódu gőbu vűűa:
éȝ-u lábu że̋e̋r-u ésti ódu gőb-u vűű-a
3-N.s very old-N.s but still beautiful-N.s be-IND


  • 5. ši स्वि - except (for), excluding
  • I had no choice but to leave.
  • मु ने॓अ ओ॓पम् स्वि भि॓दु ए-ग़े॓भ॥
  • mu ne̋a őpam ši vı̋du e-ƣe̋va:
m-u ne̋a-Ø őp-am ši vı̋d-u e=ƣe̋v-a
1s-N no-ABS choice-A.s but leave-SUP PST=have-IND


  • 6. ši स्वि - except that
  • I cannot but feel offended.
  • मु स्वि दे॓गथु उ॓तु फै॓अ॥
  • mu ši de̋gaþu űtu fe̋e̋a:
m-u ši de̋g-a-þ-u űt-u fe̋e̋-a
1s-N but offend-IND-PP-N.s feel-SUP be.unable-IND


  • 7. ši स्वि - without it being the case that, unless that
  • It never rains but it pours.
  • सू॓म़ ने॔क़ुम् स्वि पो॓स़॥
  • sűűm̃a néxum. ši pőza:
sűűm̃-a néxum ši pőz-a
rain-IND never but pour-IND


Senjecas - by