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| |style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Writing system: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| Native Syllabary | | |style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Writing system: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| Native Syllabary |
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| |style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Genealogy: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| Tide <br> Tiye <br> [[Siye]] | | |style="border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 30%"| Genealogy: ||style="border-left: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; width: 70%"| Thide <br> Tide <br> Tiye <br> [[Siye]] |
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| !colspan=2 style="background: #dfdfdf; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"| Typology: | | !colspan=2 style="background: #dfdfdf; border-bottom: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"| Typology: |
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| =Phonology and Orthography= | | =Phonology and Orthography= |
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| ==Phonology== | | ==Orthography== |
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| {{IPA|m}} {{IPA|/m/}}
| | [[Siye Orthography]] |
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| {{IPA|[m]}} > {{IPA|[ⁿ]}}/V_#, V_C
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| {{IPA|n}} {{IPA|/n/}} {{IPA|[n]}}
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| {{IPA|p}} {{IPA|/p/}}
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| {{IPA|[p]}}> {{IPA|[pʰ]}}/#_, {{IPA|[ɸ]}}/_u, {{IPA|[ç]}}/_i
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| {{IPA|t}} {{IPA|/t/}}
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| {{IPA|[t]}} > {{IPA|[tʰ]}}/#_, {{IPA|[ts]}}/_u, {{IPA|[ʦʰ]}}/#_u
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| {{IPA|k}} {{IPA|/k/}}
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| {{IPA|[k]}} > {{IPA|[kʰ]}}/#_, {{IPA|[x]}}/_u, {{IPA|[ʧ]}}/_i, {{IPA|[ʧʰ]}}/#_i
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| {{IPA|s}} [s] {{IPA|/s/}}
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| {{IPA|[s]}} > {{IPA|[ʃ]}}/_i
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| {{IPA|w}} {{IPA|[v]}}
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| {{IPA|y}} {{IPA|[j]}}
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| {{IPA|l}} {{IPA|[l]}}
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| {{IPA|h}} {{IPA|[0]}} placeholder after /m/ {{IPA|[ⁿ]}} and intervocalically in loanwords
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| {{IPA|i}} {{IPA|[i]}} {{IPA|im}} {{IPA|[ɪⁿ]}}
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| {{IPA|e}} {{IPA|[e]}} {{IPA|em}} {{IPA|[ɛⁿ]}}
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| {{IPA|a}} {{IPA|[ə]}} {{IPA|[a]}} {{IPA|am}} {{IPA|[æⁿ]}}
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| {{IPA|o}} {{IPA|[o]}} {{IPA|om}} {{IPA|[ɔⁿ]}}
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| {{IPA|u}} {{IPA|[u]}} {{IPA|um}} {{IPA|[ʊⁿ]}} {{IPA|[ʌⁿ]}}
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| ==Nasalization and Advanced Tongue Root==
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| In Standard Siye, the nasal vowels share the feature retracted tongue root (RTR), while the oral vowels share the feature advanced tongue root (ATR). In studies of Siye, the feature is defined as +ATR and -ATR. Standard Siye has the typologically rare 10-vowel ATR. The Near and Mid Provinces reduce the ATR system by removing [ə] in favor of a generalized [a].
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| /i/ [i] /im/ [ɪⁿ]
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| /e/ [e] /em/ [ɛⁿ]
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| /a/ [a] /am/ [aⁿ]
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| /o/ [o] /om/ [ɔⁿ]
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| /u/ [u] /um/ [ʊⁿ]
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| The Far Western Province uses a seven-vowel system:
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| /i/ [i] /im/ [ɪⁿ]
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| /e/ [ɛ] /em/ [ɛⁿ]
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| /a/ [a] /am/ [aⁿ]
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| /o/ [ɔ] /om/ [ɔⁿ]
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| /u/ [u] /um/ [ʊⁿ]
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| The Far Eastern Province and the Lake have a slightly different seven-vowel system:
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| /i/ [i] /im/ [iⁿ]
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| /e/ [e] /em/ [ɛⁿ]
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| /a/ [a] /am/ [aⁿ]
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| /o/ [o] /om/ [ɔⁿ]
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| /u/ [u] /um/ [ʊⁿ]
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| ==Vowel Dominance==
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| Standard Siye vowels have a dominance system whereby one vowel eliminates an adjacent vowel rather than creating a long vowel or diphthong. Earlier Siye lacked this feature. The impact of vowel dominance in Siye is extensive, but many exceptions exist where the meaning would have become ambiguous. The dominance pattern follows a V-shape, starting in the high back, descending to low central, and ascending to high front. Thus the dominance hierarchy is as follows: /u/ > /o/ > /a/ > /e/ > /i/.
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| Examples of the effects of vowel dominance include the creation of the zero-marked subject prefix of the transitive verb, the existence of the ya-conjugation, and the differentiation, or lack thereof, of the nominative and accusative cases of nouns. Exceptions include vowel-initial verb roots with weak initial vowels, word-initial high vowels (including subject and object prefixes).
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| ==Stress Placement==
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| A Siye noun or participle receives primary stress on the first syllable. Thus the phrase /laye silime/ has primary stresses on the syllables /la/ and /si/.
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| | ==Phonology== |
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| A Siye verb receives primary stress on the first syllable of the verb root; thus the verb /pelekopuyammu/ and /lekunasonima/ receive primary stresses on /ko/ and /ku/.
| | [[Siye Phonology]] |
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| The secondary stresses are distributed according to the following rules:
| | ==Dialects== |
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| 1) there is a minimum of one and maximum of two unstressed syllables between stressed syllable
| | [[Siye Dialects]] |
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| 2) only the first syllable of a root or a suffix can be stressed.
| | =Morphology and Syntax= |
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| 3) The sequence of preferred placements of secondary stresses are as follows:
| | ==Nominal Morphology== |
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| a) directional suffix
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| b) causative suffix
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| c) converbal suffix
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| d) number suffix
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| e) tense/aspect suffix
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| ==Isoglosses== | |
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| The Valley in which Siye is spoken stretches halfway across the Martian equator, so there are variations in speech along its length. The primary isogloss is the boundary line between nouns that use the Nominative and Accusative and those that use the Ergative and Absolutive. In Standard Siye, the dialect of the City in the Central Province and the variety on which this article is based, only pronouns and personal names can use Nominative and Accusative forms. As one travels east the range of the Nominative decreases; as one travels west towards the Mountain, the opposite occurs. Thus, all varieties of Siye use /le, la/ for the first person pronouns. All but the Far Eastern Province and the Lake use /pe, sa/ for the second person pronoun. The Mid-Eastern Province and points west place all pronouns, regardless of number, in the Nominative category. Standard Siye, from the Central Province, adds personal names to the Nominative category. The Near Western Province requires that nouns denoting humans must be in the Nominative category, reducing the number of complex cases in the spoken version of the western dialects. The Mid-Western Province treats all animate nouns as Nominative, and the Far Western Province is full nominative under the "contamination" of Ulok.
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| ==Diachrony: From Tiye to Siye==
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| Tiye, the immediate ancestor of Siye, did not differ greatly from Siye. Tiye possessed two extra phonemes: /d/, which only appeared in initial position in native words) and /b/, which only appeared before /a/ in native words. /b/ and /d/ in other positions, and any instances of /r/, are indications of the extensive borrowing that the language endured before its current dominance. The Tiye female derogatives /yeda/, /deda/, and /tera/ are all borrowings, the sisters of the Tiye word /daye/, when the dying planet Kiba had more languages. The name of the language, Tiye, shows that /t/ was allowed before /i/. The following changes occurred in the transition from Tiye to Siye:
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| /d/ [d] > /l/ [l]
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| /t/ [t] > /s/ [s]/_i
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| /b/ [b] /w/ [w] > /w/ [ʋ]
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| /r/ [r] > /l/ [l]
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| Thus the Tiye words /daye/ and /date/ and the loanwords /yeda/, /deda/, and /tera/ became the native Siye terms /laye/, /late/, /yela/, /lela/, and /tela/. Although Tiye was (relatively briefly) a written language, the Guild of Scholars was founded centuries later, when Siye had penetrated to the Central Province; by that time the Tiye loanwords had become native Siye words.
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| A conjectural timeline for Tide, Tiye, and Siye (the records are fragmentary and oft decayed and use Martian seasons)
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| 3500-3000 B.P. Tide splits into many tribal dialects
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| 2800-2500 B.P. The Lake people dominate the Eastern & Central Valley
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| 2500 B.P. The k- and p-dialects of the City emerge
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| 2300 B.P. The Guild of Scholars begins to expand Eastward
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| 2250 B.P. Some p-dialect speakers leave the City
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| 2000 B.P. The Great Peace
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| =Siye Nominal Morphology=
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| [[Siye Nominal Morphology]] | | [[Siye Nominal Morphology]] |
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| =Siye Verbal Morphology= | | ==Verbal Morphology== |
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| [[Siye Verbal Morphology]] | | [[Siye Verbal Morphology]] |
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| =Siye Syntax= | | ==Syntax== |
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| [[Siye Syntax]] | | [[Siye Syntax]] |
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| =Siye Texts= | | =Texts and Vocabulary= |
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| | ==Texts== |
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| [[Siye Texts]] | | [[Siye Texts]] |
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| =Siye Thematic Vocabulary= | | ==Thematic Vocabulary== |
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| [[Siye Thematic Vocabulary]] | | [[Siye Thematic Vocabulary]] |
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| | =Guild of Scholars Docket= |
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| | [[Guild of Scholars Docket]] |
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| [[Category: Conlangs]] | | [[Category: Conlangs]] |
| [[Category:A priori conlangs]] | | [[Category:A priori conlangs]] |
