Tejnaxi: Difference between revisions

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|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Approximants || || {{IPA|w}} || || || || {{IPA|j}} || ||  ({{IPA|w}})
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Approximants || || {{IPA|w}} || || || || {{IPA|j}} || ||  ({{IPA|w}})
|}
|}
 
====Allophony====
*r is produced as a retroflex approximant when in coda
*l is velarized in the same environment except when is followed by a coronal.
*Voiceless plosives are unreleased un coda position.
*Nasals are lenited to w and r in intervocalic enviroments, if the syllable is unstressed.
===Vowels===
===Vowels===


Line 69: Line 73:


====Allophony====
====Allophony====
Long e and o are actually produced as ej and ow in all contexts. Short a is produced as schwa in unstressed enviroments. Short e and o are raised to i and u when unstressed.
*Long e and o are actually produced as ej and ow in all contexts.  
*Short a is produced as schwa in unstressed enviroments.  
*Short e and o are raised to i and u when unstressed.
===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Long vowels can only occur in open syllables.
Long vowels can only occur in open syllables.
Any consonant can be syllable onset, which is obligatory. An epenthetic glottal stop can be inserted.
Any consonant can be syllable onset, which is obligatory. An epenthetic glottal stop can be inserted.
The biggest syllable structure alloved in Tejnaxi is CVRK, where R stands for aproximants, liquids, the glottal fricative and the homorganic nasal. K stands for obstruents (plosives and s).
The biggest syllable structure alloved in Tejnaxi is CVRK, where R stands for aproximants, liquids, the glottal fricative and nasals. K stands for obstruents (plosives and s).
 
===Stress===
===Stress===
Syllables are divided in light and heavy. Light syllables have one mora, heavy syllables two or three. Thus, light syllables can be only CV. Stress goes, among nouns, on the first heavy syllable of the word. If every syllable is light, stress goes to the first one. Some nouns can have morphological stress marking plurality. Verbs have also morphological stress.
===Ortography===
The alphabet used corresponds with the IPA symbols, the sole exception being the glottal stop, which is <x>. long vowels are marked with ¨, and ^ if stressed.
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
====Derivational morphology====
====Flexional morphology====
===Verbs===
====Derivational morphology====
====Person agreement====
Verbs agree with the subject of intransitive clauses, and with both subject and object of transitive ones. Intransitive agreement is conditioned by the degree of control by the subject. More control triggers agent agreement, otherwise patient agreement is employed. Some verbs have a fixed preference for one of the two sets of adpositions, but some others can have both, and a few are diferent semantically acording to which adpositions are added. Passive agreement is necessary with stative verbs.
Active agreement is marked by a set of prefixes:


Before vowels:
{|
|| ||Singular ||Paucal/Plural
|-
||1st person ||'''s-'''||'''s-(excl)/sum-(incl)'''
|-
||2nd person ||'''b-'''||'''b-'''
|-
||3rd person ||'''∅-'''||'''∅-'''
|}
An example: us- to grow
{|
|| ||Singular ||Paucal ||Plural
|-
||1st person ||'''sus'''||'''susega/sumusega'''||'''susä/sumusä'''
|-
||2nd person ||'''bus'''||'''busega'''||'''busä'''
|-
||3rd person ||'''us'''||'''usega'''||'''usä'''
|}
Before consonants:
{|
|| ||Singular ||Plural
|-
||1st person ||'''so-'''||'''so-(excl)/sow-(incl)'''
|-
||2nd person ||'''u-'''||'''u-'''
|-
||3rd person ||'''∅'''||'''∅'''
|}
paj-to walk
{|
|| ||Singular ||Paucal||Plural
|-
||1st person ||'''sopaj'''||'''sopajega/sowpajega'''||'''sopajä/sowpajä'''
|-
||2nd person ||'''upaj'''||'''upajega'''||'''upajä'''
|-
||3rd person ||'''paj'''||'''pajega'''||'''pajä'''
|}
Patient agreement is marked by a set of suffixes:
after vowels:
{|
|| ||Singular ||Plural
|-
||1st person ||'''-t'''||'''-t(excl)/-si(incl)'''
|-
||2nd person ||'''-w'''||'''-w'''
|-
||3rd person ||'''-∅(inanim)/-r(anim)'''||'''-j/-r(anim)'''
|}
Daxina-To be put on an horizontal position
{|
|| ||Singular ||Plural
|-
||1st person ||'''daxinat'''||'''daxinagat/daxinagasi'''||'''daxinat/daxinäsi'''
|-
||2nd person ||'''daxinaw'''||'''daxinagu'''||'''daxinaw'''
|-
||3rd person ||'''daxina/daxinar'''||'''daxinagaj/daxinagar'''||'''daxinaj/daxinar'''
|}
After consonants:
{|
|| ||Singular ||Paucal/Plural
|-
||1st person ||'''-it'''||'''-it/si'''
|-
||2nd person ||'''-u'''||'''--u'''
|-
||3rd person ||'''-∅/-(e)r'''||'''-e/-r'''
|}
tom-to fall asleep
{|
|| ||Singular ||Paucal||Plural
|-
||1st person ||'''tomit'''||'''tomegat/tomegasi'''||'''tomat/tomäsi'''
|-
||2nd person ||'''tomu'''||'''tomegaw'''||'''tomaw'''
|-
||3rd person ||'''tom/tomer/torm'''||'''tomege/tomegar'''||'''tomaj/tomar
|}
Agreement with transitive verbs goes as follows:
Dib-to hit
{|
|| ||1° sing||2° sing||3°sing||1° pau ex||1°pau inc||2° pau||3° pau||1° pl ex||1° pl inc||2° pl||3° pl
|-
||1° sing||---||udibit||dibit||sodibegat||sowdibegat||udibegat||dibegat||sodibat||sowdibat||udibat||dibat
|-
||2° sing||sodibu||---||dibu||sodibegu||sowdibegu||udibegu||dibegu||sodibaw||sowdibaw||udibaw||dibaw
|-
||3° sing anim||sodirb||udirb||dirb||sodibegar||sowdibegar||udibegar||dibegar||sodibar||udibar||dibar
|-
||3° sing inanim||sodib||udib||dib||sodibega||sowdibega||udibega||dibega||sodibä||sowdibä||udibä||dibä
|-
||1° pl ex||---||udibit||dibit||---||---||udibegat||dibegat||---||---||udibat||dibat
|-
||1° pl inc||---||udibsi||dibsi||---||---||udibegasi||dibegasi||---||---||udibäsi||dibäsi
|-
||2° pl||sodibu||---||dibu||sodibegu||sowdibegu||udibegu||dibegu||sodibaw||sowdibaw||udibaw||dibaw
|-
||3° pl anim||sodirb||udirb||dirb||sodibegar||sowdibegar||udibegar||dibegar||sodibar||sowdibar||udibar||dibar
|-
||3° pl inanim||sodibe||udibe||dibe||sodibege||sowdibege||udibege||dibege||sodibaj||sowdibaj||udibaj||dibaj
|}
====Plurality====
There is a series of suffixes that marks subject plurality. three numbers contrast: singular, paucal and plural. Paucal is usually used for homogeneous or collective sets of items, plural for heterogeneous aggregates.
{|
||Singular||∅
|-
||Paucal||-(e)g(a)
|-
||Plural||-ä
|}
====TAM====
Tense is marked along with evidentiality with a series of prefixes. Tense is marked for future/ non future. Non future is divided according to experiential, inferred or reported evidentiality:
{|
!Non future experienced
|∅-
|-
!Inferred
|ö-
|-
!Reported
|al-
|-
!Future
|h(a)-
|}
Ex:
{|
||mawe||he eats/he was eating (I saw him)
|-
||ömawe||he eats/he was eating (I suppose)
|-
||almawe||he eats/he was eating (Somebody told me)
|-
||hamawe||he will eat
|}


[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Tejnaxi]]
[[Category:Tejnaxi]]
[[Category:A priori conlangs]]
[[Category:A priori conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 12:00, 20 January 2014

This is my conlang, Tejnaxi. Its core has been worked for almost six years, but a few months ago it went through a massive reboot. Tejnaxi es a proto-language of sorts, more conlangs will be developed using it as a base. All the stuff included here is provisional and may be redesigned in the future.

English name
Native name
Spoken in: none
Conworld: none
Total speakers: 1/10
Genealogical classification: (Family)
(Branch)
(Subbranch)
(Language)
Basic word order: VSO
Morphological type: Agglutinant
Morphosyntactic alignment: Split-S Active
Created by: Xroox
author date

Phonology

Consonants

Consonants
Bilabial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive p b t d k g ʔ
Fricative s h
Lateral Approximant l
Tap ɾ
Approximants w j (w)

Allophony

  • r is produced as a retroflex approximant when in coda
  • l is velarized in the same environment except when is followed by a coronal.
  • Voiceless plosives are unreleased un coda position.
  • Nasals are lenited to w and r in intervocalic enviroments, if the syllable is unstressed.

Vowels

Vowels
Front Central Back
High i iː u uː
Mid e eː o oː
Low a aː

Allophony

  • Long e and o are actually produced as ej and ow in all contexts.
  • Short a is produced as schwa in unstressed enviroments.
  • Short e and o are raised to i and u when unstressed.

Phonotactics

Long vowels can only occur in open syllables. Any consonant can be syllable onset, which is obligatory. An epenthetic glottal stop can be inserted. The biggest syllable structure alloved in Tejnaxi is CVRK, where R stands for aproximants, liquids, the glottal fricative and nasals. K stands for obstruents (plosives and s).

Stress

Syllables are divided in light and heavy. Light syllables have one mora, heavy syllables two or three. Thus, light syllables can be only CV. Stress goes, among nouns, on the first heavy syllable of the word. If every syllable is light, stress goes to the first one. Some nouns can have morphological stress marking plurality. Verbs have also morphological stress.

Ortography

The alphabet used corresponds with the IPA symbols, the sole exception being the glottal stop, which is <x>. long vowels are marked with ¨, and ^ if stressed.

Morphology

Nouns

Derivational morphology

Flexional morphology

Verbs

Derivational morphology

Person agreement

Verbs agree with the subject of intransitive clauses, and with both subject and object of transitive ones. Intransitive agreement is conditioned by the degree of control by the subject. More control triggers agent agreement, otherwise patient agreement is employed. Some verbs have a fixed preference for one of the two sets of adpositions, but some others can have both, and a few are diferent semantically acording to which adpositions are added. Passive agreement is necessary with stative verbs. Active agreement is marked by a set of prefixes:

Before vowels:

Singular Paucal/Plural
1st person s- s-(excl)/sum-(incl)
2nd person b- b-
3rd person ∅- ∅-

An example: us- to grow

Singular Paucal Plural
1st person sus susega/sumusega susä/sumusä
2nd person bus busega busä
3rd person us usega usä

Before consonants:

Singular Plural
1st person so- so-(excl)/sow-(incl)
2nd person u- u-
3rd person ∅ ∅

paj-to walk

Singular Paucal Plural
1st person sopaj sopajega/sowpajega sopajä/sowpajä
2nd person upaj upajega upajä
3rd person paj pajega pajä

Patient agreement is marked by a set of suffixes:

after vowels:

Singular Plural
1st person -t -t(excl)/-si(incl)
2nd person -w -w
3rd person -∅(inanim)/-r(anim) -j/-r(anim)

Daxina-To be put on an horizontal position

Singular Plural
1st person daxinat daxinagat/daxinagasi daxinat/daxinäsi
2nd person daxinaw daxinagu daxinaw
3rd person daxina/daxinar daxinagaj/daxinagar daxinaj/daxinar

After consonants:

Singular Paucal/Plural
1st person -it -it/si
2nd person -u --u
3rd person -∅/-(e)r -e/-r

tom-to fall asleep

Singular Paucal Plural
1st person tomit tomegat/tomegasi tomat/tomäsi
2nd person tomu tomegaw tomaw
3rd person tom/tomer/torm tomege/tomegar tomaj/tomar

Agreement with transitive verbs goes as follows: Dib-to hit

1° sing 2° sing 3°sing 1° pau ex 1°pau inc 2° pau 3° pau 1° pl ex 1° pl inc 2° pl 3° pl
1° sing --- udibit dibit sodibegat sowdibegat udibegat dibegat sodibat sowdibat udibat dibat
2° sing sodibu --- dibu sodibegu sowdibegu udibegu dibegu sodibaw sowdibaw udibaw dibaw
3° sing anim sodirb udirb dirb sodibegar sowdibegar udibegar dibegar sodibar udibar dibar
3° sing inanim sodib udib dib sodibega sowdibega udibega dibega sodibä sowdibä udibä dibä
1° pl ex --- udibit dibit --- --- udibegat dibegat --- --- udibat dibat
1° pl inc --- udibsi dibsi --- --- udibegasi dibegasi --- --- udibäsi dibäsi
2° pl sodibu --- dibu sodibegu sowdibegu udibegu dibegu sodibaw sowdibaw udibaw dibaw
3° pl anim sodirb udirb dirb sodibegar sowdibegar udibegar dibegar sodibar sowdibar udibar dibar
3° pl inanim sodibe udibe dibe sodibege sowdibege udibege dibege sodibaj sowdibaj udibaj dibaj

Plurality

There is a series of suffixes that marks subject plurality. three numbers contrast: singular, paucal and plural. Paucal is usually used for homogeneous or collective sets of items, plural for heterogeneous aggregates.

Singular ∅
Paucal -(e)g(a)
Plural -ä

TAM

Tense is marked along with evidentiality with a series of prefixes. Tense is marked for future/ non future. Non future is divided according to experiential, inferred or reported evidentiality:

Non future experienced ∅-
Inferred ö-
Reported al-
Future h(a)-

Ex:

mawe he eats/he was eating (I saw him)
ömawe he eats/he was eating (I suppose)
almawe he eats/he was eating (Somebody told me)
hamawe he will eat
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