|
|
| (11 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
| Wedish is a Judeo-Christian language spoken only between a husband and a wife. It is a essentially a combination of Anglish (Germanic English without Latin influence) and Hebrew/Aramaic.
| | 따ㅧ語/'''Dans-mal''' is a Korean-Germanic language, spoken on the island of Ulleungo by descendants of Vikings. According to folklore, they made a undocumented crossing of Arctic Sea, and began raiding Hokkaido, mainly taking Ainu brides. |
|
| |
|
| == Phonology == | | == Phonology == |
| Wedish generally has British English consonants, Hebrew vowels, and simpler phonotactics. The Roman alphabet (plus two other letters) is used as an abjad. The writing of vowels is typically passed over.
| |
|
| |
|
| === Consonants ===
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| {| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; float:left;" | | |+ Consonants |
| !colspan=17 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants in IPA
| |
| |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| |
| | ||colspan=2| Labial ||colspan=2| Dental ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| Post-alv. ||colspan=2| Palatal ||colspan=2| Velar ||colspan=2| Glottal
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || {{IPA|m}} || || || || {{IPA|n}} || || || || || || {{IPA|ŋ}}
| | | || Bilabial || Dental || Post-Alveolar || Velar || Labio-Velar || Gutteral |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || {{IPA|p}} || {{IPA|b}} || || || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || || || || || {{IPA|k}} || {{IPA|g}} || {{IPA|ʔ}} | | ! Nasal |
| | | ㅁ m || ㄴ n || || ㅇ ŋ || || |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || {{IPA|f}} || {{IPA|v}} || {{IPA|θ}} || {{IPA|ð}} || {{IPA|s}} || {{IPA|z}} || {{IPA|ʃ}} || {{IPA|ʒ}} || || || || || {{IPA|h}} | | ! Voiceless Stop |
| | | ㅂ p || ㄷ t || || ㄱ k || ㅈ kʷ || |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate || || || || || || || {{IPA|tʃ}} || {{IPA|dʒ}} | | ! Voiced Stop |
| | | ㅃ b || ㄸ d || || ㄲ g || ㅉ gʷ || |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Approximants || || {{IPA|w}} || || || || || || || || {{IPA|j}} | | ! Voiceless Fricative |
| | | rowspan="2" valign="middle" | ㅍ ɸ~v || rowspan="2" valign="middle" | ㅌ θ~ð || ㅅ s~ɕ || rowspan="2" valign="middle" | ㅋ ʁ~x || rowspan="2" valign="middle" | ㅊ w~ʍ || rowspan="2" valign="middle" | ㅎ h~ɦ |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Trill || || || || || || {{IPA|r}}
| | ! Voiced Fricative |
| | | ㅆ z~ʑ |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Approximant || || || || || || {{IPA|l}}
| | ! Liquid |
| |}
| | | || || ㄹ l~ɾ || || || |
| {| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
| |
| !colspan=17 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants as Written | |
| |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em" | |
| | ||colspan=2| Labial ||colspan=2| Dental ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| Post-alv. ||colspan=2| Palatal ||colspan=2| Velar ||colspan=2| Glottal | |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || M || || || || N || || || || || || ְNG
| | ! Approximant |
| |-
| | | || || j || ɰ || || |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || P || B || || || T || D || || || || || K || G || A
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || F || V || Θ || Ð || S || Z || C || J || || || || || H
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Affricate || || || || || || || ְTC || ְDJ
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Approximants || || W || || || || || || || || Y
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Trill || || || || || || R
| |
| |-
| |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Lateral Approximant || || || || || || L
| |
| |} | | |} |
|
| |
|
| '''Q''' is used for the sound /q/ (as in Quran/Koran), but it almost universally pronounced /k/. '''X''' is only used for the foreign sound /x/ (as in Bach/ַBX, or as in loch/ַLX)
| | {| class="wikitable" |
| <br clear="both" />
| | |+ Vowels |
| === Vowels ===
| | | |
| | | ! Front-UR || Front-R || Back-R |
| {| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0; float:left;" | |
| !colspan=11 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels
| |
| |- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em" | |
| | ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Near-front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Back | |
| |-
| |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High || {{IPA|i}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|u}}
| |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High-mid || || || {{IPA|e}} || || || || || {{IPA|o}}
| | ! High |
| | | 이 i~ɪ || 으 y || 우 u |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || || || {{IPA|ə}}
| | ! High-Mid |
| | | 에 e || 위 ø || 오 o |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-low || || || {{IPA|æ}} | | ! Mid |
| | | 애 æ || 외 œ || 어 ɔ |
| |- | | |- |
| |style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low || || || || || {{IPA|a}} | | ! Low |
| | | colspan="3" align="center" | 아 a |
| |} | | |} |
| The Hebrew vowel points are used around Latin letters, with only slight modification. The glottal stop '''A''' is used here as a place holder.
| | Diphthongs: ei -> ᆀ , |
| {| class="wikitable" style="font-size:large;"
| |
| ! Written || Sound || Name
| |
| |-
| |
| ! ִA
| |
| | /i/ as in feet
| |
| | Hireq/ִHֶRQ
| |
| |-
| |
| ! ֶA
| |
| | /e/ as in bet
| |
| | Segol/ֶSGֹL
| |
| |-
| |
| ! ָA
| |
| | /æ/ as in Sally
| |
| | Qæmets/ָQֶMְTS
| |
| |-
| |
| ! ֻA
| |
| | /u/ as in boot
| |
| | Qibuts/ִQֻBְTS
| |
| |-
| |
| ! Ȧ
| |
| | /o/ as in boat*
| |
| | Holem/HֶֹLM
| |
| |-
| |
| ! ַA
| |
| | /a/ as in father
| |
| | Pathach/ַPַΘX
| |
| |-
| |
| ! ְA
| |
| | /ə/ as in careen
| |
| | Schwa/ְCַW
| |
| |}
| |
| The Schwa may or may not be indicative of a separate syllable (see Phonotactics below).
| |
|
| |
|
| A tilde above a letter makes it syllabic, that is, the nucleus of a syllable. Only M, N, NG, R, and L may take the tilde.
| | == Nominals == |
| === Phonotactics ===
| | '''Dans-mal''' has two numbers, seven cases, and two genders. Deixis is 3-way. Topic-comment structures are somewhat common. Number is only seen on pronouns, though the particle 들/dyl can be attached to animate nouns. The genders are "animate" and "inanimate" |
|
| |
|
| == Grammar ==
| | * Topical: 은/는 (C/V) |
| Because this language is only ever spoken between two, specific people, a great deal of narrowing in scope is possible.
| | * Nominative : - |
| | * Accusative: 을/를 (C/V) |
| | * Genitive: 의 |
| | * Dative: 에/에게 (I/A) |
| | * Locative: 에서/에게서 (I/A) |
| | * Instrumental: 로/으로 (V/C) |
|
| |
|
| === Person ===
| | Note: 'h' stands for "humble" |
| {| class="wikitable" | | {| class="wikitable" |
| ! # || Designation || Use || Example | | |+ Pronouns |
| |- | | ! # || T || N || A || G || D || L || I |
| ! 1M
| |
| | '''1st Person Masculine''' | |
| | Used by the husband | |
| | I am here | |
| |- | |
| ! 1F
| |
| | '''1st Person Feminine''' | |
| | Used by the wife | |
| | I am here | |
| |-
| |
| ! 1D
| |
| | '''1st Person Dual'''
| |
| | Used by the couple
| |
| | We are here
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 2M
| |
| | '''2nd Person Masculine'''
| |
| | Used by the wife of the husband
| |
| | You are here
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 2F
| |
| | '''2nd Person Feminine'''
| |
| | Used by the husband of the wife
| |
| | You are here
| |
| |-
| |
| ! 3M
| |
| | '''3rd Person Masculine'''
| |
| | Used by the wife to refer to that which is of the husband
| |
| | Your hair is gone
| |
| |- | | |- |
| ! 3F | | ! 1s |
| | '''3rd Person Feminine''' | | | 난 || 엑 || 믹 || 민 || 멬 || 엑게서 || 나로 |
| | Used by the husband to refer to that which is of the wife | |
| | Your hair is perfect | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! 3D | | ! 1p |
| | '''3rd Person Dual''' | | | 핀 || 핃 || 옸 || 팤 || 으탴 || 우리에게서 || 우리로 |
| | Used by either to refer to that which is theirs | |
| | Our children are eating (now) | |
| |- | | |- |
| ! 3N | | ! 1h |
| | '''3rd Person Neither''' | | | 전 || 제가 || 절 || 제 || |
| | Used by either to refer to that which is neither's | |
| | Other people's kids are making noise. | |
| |} | | |} |
| === Case ===
| |
| There are no cases, per se. The nominative, or subject of the sentence must come first in the sentence (exactly as in English),unless it is emphatic or a question (similar to English). The accusative,or object of the sentence must come after the verb, unless the sentenceis emphatic or a question. Genitive relationships are expressed through via the independent participle '''OV''' or its allomorph, the suffix ''''-V''' (cp. English "of"). Dative relationships come by T/T-. Ablative is handled by BO/B-.
| |
|
| |
| There are no ditransitive verb in Wedish.
| |
|
| |
| === Number ===
| |
| Broadly speaking, Wedish recognizes three numbers: singular, dual, and plural. However, there are two different plurals: collective and distributive. As with most languages, the unmarked form of the word is the singular.
| |
|
| |
|
| {| class="wikitable"
| | == Sino-Dans == |
| ! Word || Meaning
| | ; 語 : (수ᄕ) 어 , (캍) 말 - language |
| |-
| | ; 人 : (수ᄕ) 인 , (캍) 꾸미 - person, human, man |
| ! ΘTCLD
| | ; 一 : (수ᄕ) 일 , (캍) ㅇᆀㄴ - one |
| | the child (1)
| | ; 二 : (수ᄕ) 이 , (캍) 도 - two |
| |-
| | ; 三 : (수ᄕ) 삼 , (캍) ㄷ리 - three |
| ! ΘTCLDM
| | ; 口 : (수ᄕ) 구 , (캍) 뭍 - mouth, opening |
| | the children (2)
| | ; 子 : (수ᄕ) 자 , (캍) 뫾 - son, child |
| |-
| | ; 女 : (수ᄕ) 녀/여 , (캍) ㅍ롵 - woman |
| ! ΘTCLDZ
| |
| | the children (many, as a group)
| |
| |-
| |
| ! ΘTCLDN
| |
| | the children (many, as individuals)
| |
| |}
| |
