User:Aquatiki/Sandbox: Difference between revisions

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== Intro to Verb Conjugation ==
따ㅧ語/'''Dans-mal''' is a Korean-Germanic language, spoken on the island of Ulleungo by descendants of Vikings.  According to folklore, they made a undocumented crossing of Arctic Sea, and began raiding Hokkaido, mainly taking Ainu brides.
The part of Syreni most like English (in terms of layout) is the verb conjugation.  English is called and SVO language, which means it lists the parts of a sentence in the order subject-verb-object.  It is thought that perhaps Syreni began this same way.  The major difference being, Syreni glues all those English words together into one, big, monster word!  It is easiest to picture a collection of nine "slots" into which one may inject part, with only the root and person being obligatory.
 
== Phonology ==


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
| '''#'''
|+ Consonants
! 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || 5 || 6 || Root || 7 || 8 || 9
|-
| || Bilabial || Dental || Post-Alveolar || Velar || Labio-Velar || Gutteral
|-
! Nasal
| ㅁ m || ㄴ n || || ㅇ ŋ || ||
|-
! Voiceless Stop
| ㅂ p || ㄷ t || || ㄱ k || ㅈ kʷ  ||
|-
! Voiced Stop
| ㅃ b || ㄸ d || || ㄲ g || ㅉ gʷ ||
|-
! Voiceless Fricative
| rowspan="2" valign="middle"  | ㅍ ɸ~v || rowspan="2" valign="middle" | ㅌ θ~ð || ㅅ s~ɕ || rowspan="2" valign="middle" | ㅋ ʁ~x || rowspan="2" valign="middle" | ㅊ w~ʍ || rowspan="2" valign="middle" | ㅎ h~ɦ
|-
|-
| '''Function:'''
! Voiced Fricative
| Voice
| ㅆ z~ʑ
| Deixis
| Class
| Person
| Prep.
| Plural
|
| Voice
| Deixis
| Class
|-
|-
| '''For:'''
! Liquid
| colspan="3" | "Subject"
| || || ㄹ l~ɾ || || ||  
| Both
|-
|
! Approximant
| Both?
| || || j || ɰ || ||
|
| colspan="3" | "Object"
|}
|}
Let's look at the first three and the last three.  These are the Voice, Deixis, and Class of the "Subject" and "Object".  "Subject" and "Object" are in scare-quotes because sometimes they behave in ways quite unlike anything you might expect, sometimes the very opposite of what the names imply!  '''Voice''' lets you know the intentionality or passivity of the subject/object.  '''Deixis''' is a fancy word for 'this' vs 'that', but in Syreni it's a lot more complicated!  '''Class''' is short for "classifier" which lets you know what kind of thing you're dealing with: person, animal, thing, etc.
'''Preposition''' is a kind of clarifier for the verbal-root.  Why aren't they part of the verb?  Consider the English verb "to turn into".  It's quite different from "to turn" and yet all manner of things might come in between "turn" and "into" in any given sentence (e.g. "Frankie turned very slowly but nevertheless deliberately into pickled cod.")  "Into" is crucial to distinguish a very different meaning for "turn", but it is separated from it.  That's how the '''prep.''' spot functions in Syreni.  There are a great deal many "prepositions" in Syreni.  So many, in fact, that some linguists think that they were originally noun that got incorporated into the endless verbal stew!  This happens a little in English. (e.g. "I was picking berries" can turn into "I was berry-picking."
The '''Plural" slot is often ambiguous as to whether it is marking the "subject" or the "object" as a distributive plural.  It may only be applied to very animate subjects.  There are two other infixes that can go here, so that some people prefer simply to call it 'slot 6', but we will continue to use the original name.  The "energetic" and "inert" markers also go here and they are also ambiguous as to whether they refer to the "subject" or "object".  Lastly, the "reversal" of persons marker is in this slot.
The '''Person''' is most important for immediately forming words, because it is required.  Here are the indicative person infixes:


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Indicative Person Markers
|+ Vowels
|-
|  
|  
! Paucal
! Front-UR || Front-R || Back-R
! Duoplural
|-
|-
! 1
! High
| 이 i~ɪ || 으 y || 우 u
|-
|-
! 2
! High-Mid
| 에 e || 위  ø || 오 o
|-
|-
! O
! Mid
| 애 æ || 외 œ  || 어 ɔ
|-
|-
! 1->2
! Low
| colspan="3" align="center" | 아 a
|}
Diphthongs: ei -> ᆀ ,
 
== Nominals ==
'''Dans-mal''' has two numbers, seven cases, and two genders.  Deixis is 3-way.  Topic-comment structures are somewhat common.  Number is only seen on pronouns, though the particle 들/dyl can be attached to animate nouns.  The genders are "animate" and "inanimate"
 
* Topical: 은/는 (C/V)
* Nominative : -
* Accusative: 을/를 (C/V)
* Genitive: 의
* Dative: 에/에게 (I/A)
* Locative:  에서/에게서 (I/A)
* Instrumental: 로/으로 (V/C)
 
Note: 'h' stands for "humble"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Pronouns
! # || T || N || A || G || D || L || I
|-
! 1s
|      난 || 엑 || 믹 || 민 || 멬 || 엑게서 || 나로
|-
|-
! 1->O
! 1p
|      핀 || 핃 || 옸 || 팤 || 으탴 || 우리에게서 || 우리로
|-
|-
! 2->O
! 1h
|    전 || 제가 || 절 || 제 ||
|}
|}
== Sino-Dans ==
; 語 : (수ᄕ) 어 , (캍) 말 - language
; 人 : (수ᄕ) 인 , (캍)  꾸미 - person, human, man
; 一 : (수ᄕ) 일 , (캍) ㅇᆀㄴ - one
; 二 : (수ᄕ) 이 , (캍) 도 - two
; 三 : (수ᄕ) 삼 , (캍) ㄷ리 - three
; 口 : (수ᄕ) 구 , (캍) 뭍  - mouth, opening
; 子 : (수ᄕ) 자 , (캍)  뫾  - son, child
; 女 : (수ᄕ) 녀/여 , (캍) ㅍ롵 - woman

Latest revision as of 16:21, 26 January 2014

따ㅧ語/Dans-mal is a Korean-Germanic language, spoken on the island of Ulleungo by descendants of Vikings. According to folklore, they made a undocumented crossing of Arctic Sea, and began raiding Hokkaido, mainly taking Ainu brides.

Phonology

Consonants
Bilabial Dental Post-Alveolar Velar Labio-Velar Gutteral
Nasal ㅁ m ㄴ n ㅇ ŋ
Voiceless Stop ㅂ p ㄷ t ㄱ k ㅈ kʷ
Voiced Stop ㅃ b ㄸ d ㄲ g ㅉ gʷ
Voiceless Fricative ㅍ ɸ~v ㅌ θ~ð ㅅ s~ɕ ㅋ ʁ~x ㅊ w~ʍ ㅎ h~ɦ
Voiced Fricative ㅆ z~ʑ
Liquid ㄹ l~ɾ
Approximant j ɰ
Vowels
Front-UR Front-R Back-R
High 이 i~ɪ 으 y 우 u
High-Mid 에 e 위 ø 오 o
Mid 애 æ 외 œ 어 ɔ
Low 아 a

Diphthongs: ei -> ᆀ ,

Nominals

Dans-mal has two numbers, seven cases, and two genders. Deixis is 3-way. Topic-comment structures are somewhat common. Number is only seen on pronouns, though the particle 들/dyl can be attached to animate nouns. The genders are "animate" and "inanimate"

  • Topical: 은/는 (C/V)
  • Nominative : -
  • Accusative: 을/를 (C/V)
  • Genitive: 의
  • Dative: 에/에게 (I/A)
  • Locative: 에서/에게서 (I/A)
  • Instrumental: 로/으로 (V/C)

Note: 'h' stands for "humble"

Pronouns
# T N A G D L I
1s 난 엑 믹 민 멬 엑게서 나로
1p 핀 핃 옸 팤 으탴 우리에게서 우리로
1h 전 제가 절 제

Sino-Dans

語
(수ᄕ) 어 , (캍) 말 - language
人
(수ᄕ) 인 , (캍) 꾸미 - person, human, man
一
(수ᄕ) 일 , (캍) ㅇᆀㄴ - one
二
(수ᄕ) 이 , (캍) 도 - two
三
(수ᄕ) 삼 , (캍) ㄷ리 - three
口
(수ᄕ) 구 , (캍) 뭍 - mouth, opening
子
(수ᄕ) 자 , (캍) 뫾 - son, child
女
(수ᄕ) 녀/여 , (캍) ㅍ롵 - woman
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