User:Tropylium/Sketchpad: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 08:47, 13 July 2014

Experimental Phonology Labs

Nothing Coronal Sketch

/ʘ m ŋ p k f x/ (/ʘ̃/?)
/a/ [-HI] [+LO]
/o/ [-HI] [-LO]
/u/ [+HI] [-LO]
/wa/ [+HI] [+LO]

konka kuffu fakwafang pux muxumpa bwaka ngwapompo

Internally consistent weirdness

BLB	LBA	LZD	VZD	GUT	AER
ʘ		ǁ	ǃ
ʘⁿ		ǁⁿ	ǃⁿ
p		ɾ	ʈk)	ʡ	ʡʰ
m		ɾ	ɳŋ)	ɴ̠	ɴ̠ʩ)
ɸ	f=	ɬ̪	ɬˣ
		ð̞ʷ	ɻˠ
	ɪ		ə	ɐ

Coronal clicks are retroflex.
The "aerated" series technically requires a release resembling nasal release but along a different physiological feature (no direct human counterpart).

West Uralic lostlang

*ë > a, md > nd
*V > *VV / _{x}
- *F > FF / _j
- *B > BB / _v
Umlaut (6v > 7V)
- *e æ ɑ > *ɪ ɛ a / _i
- *ɑ æ > *ɔ a
General high laxing/mid tensing
- *i ü ï u > *ɪ ʏ ɪ̈ ʊ
  - > (j)ə (v)ə (j)ə (v)ə / (#_)
- *e o > e: o: > i u
- *ɛ ɔ > i u / '_#
*ń ď ś č š > n dž š ts s
*kt > pt
*l > w / _{C #}
*Cj Cv > CC
- CC > C / _[+STR]
[-voice] > [+voice] / [+voice]_V
uw əw əj ij > u u i i
- vu ji > vɔ jɛ
ə > ɔ ɛ / [+LAB]_ [+HI]_

Synopsis for Proto-WUL:

- *ê_i, i_i, ü_i, ô_i, u_i > (j, j, v, v, v)ə_í
  - vɔdí mɔdí kədzí mɔksí ləstí, vri kri ksi ("middle"), təgɛ́- vɔnɛ́- jɛstɛ́-, plɛ- mnɛ- psɛ-
  - səlí nədí šugí šɛkší kəmɛ́ni kəndzí vɔptí (?), štsi ("coal"), kədɛ́- nugɛ́-, trɛ-
  - jɛgí vɔgí pɔŋí kumí
  - '
- *ô_a, i_a, u_a > (j, j, v)ə_ú
  - nəlú jɛzú vɔzú ("sleeve", "hate" both), tsəndú, vɔdzɔ́-, krɔ- stɔ-'
- *i_ä, ü_a > (j, v)ə_á
  - kumá mɔká ləká- vɔská, pša psa-
- *e_i, e_ä, e_a > í_ɛ, í_a, í_ɔ
  - nidɛ
  - piza nilla
- *ä_i > ɛ́_ɛ
- *a_i, ä_ä > á_ɛ, á_a
- *a_a > ɔ́_ɔ
  - kɔptɔ
- *o_i, o_a > ú_ɛ, ú_ɔ

Pre-Proto-Japanese'

	tsʼ	tʂʼ	tʃʼ
p⁽ʰ⁾	t̪⁽ʰ⁾	tʂ⁽ʰ⁾	tʃ⁽ʰ⁾	k⁽ʰ⁾
b	d̪	ɖ		ɡ
	s			h
m	n

+ other sonorants as needed

affricate POAs partially allophonic with each other / t k?
aspirates → f θ ʂ ʃ x
θ ʂ → f x
F → V
ejectivs → pf x tʃ

Aspiration in clusters (example):

btʃ	btʃʰ	→	ptʃ	ftʃ
d̪tʃ	d̪tʃʰ	→	tʃː	ɬtʃ
ɖtʃ	ɖtʃʰ	→	rtʃː	xtʃ
ɡtʃ	ɡtʃʰ	→	ktʃ	xtʃ

Note /v tʃ ʒ/ rather than reconstructed *bv *c *ɟ!

For West Altaic'

Or therearound?

Unattested phonemes in italics: /p b t ɗ c ɟ k ɠ ʧ ʤ f v s z ʃ ʒ x h m n ŋ w l (ȴ) j r/
/i iː u uː e~ə o oː æ æː ɑ ɑː/
fulɑʃr • næɠf • wælʤ • ɟmoŋəf • ʧɠuːz • ikʧoŋv • wərɑːcsibʤ • hɑɗh • ultəwx
(implosivs allophonic with vcd. stops)

For East Persian'

A)

ɪː/j/w → eː/j/w
e → ɪ
- → ɨ
ʊ(j) → i(ː)
ʊː → uː
ew (ɪw) → oː
æː/j, ej, ow ==
æ → a → ɑ
æw → ɑw
ɒː → ɑː
ɐ → æ
result: i ɨ æ ɑ, iː uː, eː ej oː ow, æː æj ɑː ɑw (needs u o?)

B)

ɪ(ː), ʊ(ː) → ə → a
ɪj ɪw ??
ʊj → oj → (w)i
e(ː j) → i
ew → u
ow → (w)u
æ(ː j), ɐ → e
æw, ɒː → o → (w)a
result: i e a u + labiovelars/uvulars

Shared:

ew æw → back vowels, ʊj → i
centering/lo'ering of ɪ
fronting of ɐ

Plain/palatalized/retracted

Draft the 1st:

m		n	nʲ	ɳ
p	t̪ ~ -θ-	ts	tsʲ	ʈʂ	k	kʲ	q
b	d̪ ~ -ð-	dz	dzʲ	ɖʐ	g	gʲ	ɢ
v		s	sʲ	ʂ	x	xʲ	χ
		l	lʲ	ʈʂʼ		j	qʼ
		ɾ		ɽ
		r, r̥

Possibly: geminates; additional ejectivs (but we're not having a full set); voiced sibilant/chirants (may be allophonic)

/ɽ/ ← *ɭ

To be allocated

Difthong allophony/split: [au eu iu ~ ao eo io] (perhaps [ei ai ou ~ eː ae oː], [iː eː oː uː ~ ie ea oa uo])
(last part looks a bit too Samic)
Labiodental flap
Labiouvular trilled affricate [♇]
/ʈʳ/ ~ [ɽ] vs. /t̪/
Voiced stop POA rotation:
- b > w > gʷ
- d > ð > v > b
- ɟ > dʒ > dz > d (can be split to parts if needed)
- g > j > ɟ
- gʷ > g
Sonorants to stops:
- l > lʰ > ɬ > tɬ > t
- n > nʰ > θ > f > p
- r > rʰ > χ > x > k

Lexical dump

Some number system, set as base-5 but extensible:

1 2 3 4 hei len sa mo
b b² b³ b⁴ b⁵ idži tudži pxedži vašši teldži
2b 2b² 2b³ 2b⁴ 2b⁵ lenidži lentudži leŋkadži lembašši lenterdži
3b 3b² 3b³ 3b⁴ 3b⁵ saidži satudži sakwadži savašši saterdži
4b 4b² 4b³ 4b⁴ 4b⁵ moidži gotudži gokwadži govašši goterdži
- go is evidently (b-1).

(why -ter- in higher lakhads?? was this just an orthographic quirk?)

Orthographics

"Sumerian" diphonic faux-syllabary

With underspecification:

/tæmæ/ = TF_V-L̃_V-mF_V-L_V
/diːzə/ = TF_V-H_VF_C-SM_V

Ie. front/backness coded on "initial"; height coded on "coda"; will look like a vertical vowel system on first glance

morf

English needs more umlaut derivativs

*-ɪθ

long ∶ length ∷ strong ∶ strength ∷ wrong ∶ wrength /ɹɛŋθ/
young ∶ youth
wide ∶ width ∷ side ∶ sidth /sɪdθ/
… ∷ mild ∶ mildth /mɪldθ/ ∷ wild ∶ wildth /wɪldθ/
short ∶ sherth /ʃɝːθ/
old ∶ eldth /ɛldθ/
heal ∶ health /hɛlθ/
wreak ∶ wrath ∷ weak ∶ wath /wæθ/ ??
dry ∶ drought
high ∶ height ∷ wigh /waɪ/ ∶ weight
frigh /fɹaɪ/ ∶ fright
low ∶ louth /luːθ/?
(true ∶ truth)

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ==Experimental Phonology Labs==
+===Nothing Coronal Sketch===
+* /ʘ m ŋ p k f x/ (/ʘ̃/?)
+* /a/ [-HI] [+LO]
+* /o/ [-HI] [-LO]
+* /u/ [+HI] [-LO]
+* /wa/ [+HI] [+LO]
+''konka kuffu fakwafang pux muxumpa bwaka ngwapompo''
 ===Internally consistent weirdness===
 {|
@@ Line 22: / Line 31: @@
 * The "aerated" series technically requires a release resembling nasal release but along a different physiological feature (no direct human counterpart).
-===Something loglangish===
+===West Uralic lostlang===
-/ i e ə a o u/<br/>
+* *ë > a, md > nd
-/ m n ŋ w ð̞ j r l θ ʃ x k/
+* *V > *VV / _{x}
+** *F > FF / _j
+** *B > BB / _v
+* Umlaut (6v > 7V)
+** *e æ ɑ > *ɪ ɛ a / _i
+** *ɑ æ > *ɔ a
+* General high laxing/mid tensing
+** *i ü ï u > *ɪ ʏ ɪ̈ ʊ
+*** > (j)ə (v)ə (j)ə (v)ə / (#_)
+** *e o > e: o: > i u
+** *ɛ ɔ > i u / '_#
+* *ń ď ś č š > n dž š ts s
+* *kt > pt
+* *l > w / _{C #}
+* *Cj Cv > CC
+** CC > C / _[+STR]
+* [-voice] > [+voice] / [+voice]_V
+* uw əw əj ij > u u i i
+** vu ji > vɔ jɛ
+* ə > ɔ ɛ / [+LAB]_ [+HI]_
-[t] is entirely epenthetic (tho /ð/ in many ways fills its phonemic place):
+Synopsis for Proto-WUL:
-*/r l/ → [tr tl] / {# n}_
+** *ê_i, i_i, ü_i, ô_i, u_i > (j, j, v, v, v)ə_í
-*/θ ʃ/ → [tθ tʃ] / {# n x}_
+*** ''vɔdí mɔdí kədzí mɔksí ləstí, vri kri ksi'' ("middle"), ''təgɛ́- vɔnɛ́- jɛstɛ́-, plɛ- mnɛ- psɛ-''
-*/θ ʃ/ → [(t)θ (t)ʃ] / _{k x} (free variation)
+***
-*/lr/ → [ltr]
+*** ''səlí nədí šugí šɛkší kəmɛ́ni kəndzí vɔptí (?), štsi'' ("coal"), ''kədɛ́- nugɛ́-, trɛ-''
-*/rl/ → [rtl ~ rl] (free variation)
+*** ''jɛgí vɔgí pɔŋí kumí''
+*** ''''
-/x/ → [h ~ ɦ] after /N k ð/ (see next!) & initially
+** *ô_a, i_a, u_a > (j, j, v)ə_ú
+*** ''nəlú jɛzú vɔzú'' ("sleeve", "hate" both), ''tsəndú, vɔdzɔ́-, krɔ- stɔ-'''
-Allophonic voiced stops:
+***
-*/k/ → [ɡ ~ ɠ] / V_{V N r l h}, {r l}_
+***
-*/ð/ → [d ~ ɗ] / V_{N h}, {r l ʃ}_
+** *i_ä, ü_a > (j, v)ə_á
-This furthermore neutralizes to [ɟ ~ ʄ] before /i/.
+***
+*** ''kumá mɔká ləká- vɔská, pša psa-''
-Onset cluster: /kr/
+** *e_i, e_ä, e_a > í_ɛ, í_a, í_ɔ
-Long medial clusters: /nðr nðl/
+*** ''nidɛ''
+*** ''piza nilla''
-Unoccurring medial clusters:
+***
-*Non-homorganic nasal+obstruent; /nm nŋ mn mŋ/; /ŋð/?
+** *ä_i > ɛ́_ɛ
-*/ðð/, geminate obstruents
+** *a_i, ä_ä > á_ɛ, á_a
-*/xð xk θʃ ʃθ/
+** *a_a > ɔ́_ɔ
-*/ðθ ðʃ/
+*** ''kɔptɔ''
-*undecided on /ðk kð/ (what to make of these phonetically?), anything involving semivowels
+** *o_i, o_a > ú_ɛ, ú_ɔ
 ===Pre-Proto-[[Japanese']]===
@@ Line 92: / Line 120: @@
 Note /v tʃ ʒ/ rather than reconstructed *bv *c *ɟ!
-===For [[West Persian']]===
+===For [[West Altaic']]===
+Or therearound?
+Unattested phonemes in italics:
+/''p'' b t ɗ c ɟ k ɠ ʧ ʤ f v s z ʃ ''ʒ'' x h m n ŋ w l ''(ȴ) j'' r/<br/>
+/i ''iː'' u uː ''e''~ə o ''oː'' æ ''æː'' ɑ ɑː/<br/>
+fulɑʃr • næɠf • wælʤ • ɟmoŋəf • ʧɠuːz • ikʧoŋv • wərɑːcsibʤ • hɑɗh • ultəwx<br/>
+(implosivs allophonic with vcd. stops)
+===For [[East Persian']]===
 A)
-* ɪ(ː j w) → e(ː j w)
+* ɪː/j/w → eː/j/w
+* e → ɪ
+** → ɨ
 * ʊ(j) → i(ː)
 * ʊː → uː
-* e (ɪ) → ɨ
 * ew (ɪw) → oː
 * æː/j, ej, ow ==
@@ Line 117: / Line 155: @@
 Shared:
 *ew æw → back vowels, ʊj → i
-*lo'ering of ɪ
+*centering/lo'ering of ɪ
 *fronting of ɐ
@@ Line 147: / Line 185: @@
 *Labiouvular trilled affricate [♇]
 */ʈʳ/ ~ [ɽ] vs. /t̪/
+* Voiced stop POA rotation:
+** b > w > gʷ
+** d > ð > v > b
+** ɟ > dʒ > dz > d (can be split to parts if needed)
+** g > j > ɟ
+** gʷ > g
+* Sonorants to stops:
+** l > lʰ > ɬ > tɬ > t
+** n > nʰ > θ > f > p
+** r > rʰ > χ > x > k
+==Lexical dump==
+Some number system, set as base-5 but extensible:
+* 1 2 3 4 ''hei len sa mo''
+* b b² b³ b⁴ b⁵ ''idži tudži <u>pxe</u>dži vašši teldži''
+* 2b 2b² 2b³ 2b⁴ 2b⁵ ''lenidži lentudži le'''ŋka'''dži lem'''b'''ašši lente'''r'''dži''
+* 3b 3b² 3b³ 3b⁴ 3b⁵ ''saidži satudži sa'''kwa'''dži savašši sate'''r'''dži''
+* 4b 4b² 4b³ 4b⁴ 4b⁵ ''moidži '''g'''otudži '''g'''o'''kwa'''dži '''go'''vašši '''go'''te'''r'''dži''
+** ''go'' is evidently (b-1).
+(why -ter- in higher lakhads?? was this just an orthographic quirk?)
 ==Orthographics==