Apfiso

Apfiso is the descendant of Itapesituc by way of Atpisto and then Appisto.

Phonology

• Phonemes:
  • Vowels:
  • Consonants:
    • Stops: p b t d k g
    • Affricates: pf) bv) ts) dz) tʃ) dʒ) tsʷ) dzʷ) tʃʷ) dʒʷ) kx) gG)
    • Fricatives: s z ʃ x
    • Nasals: m n
    • Approximants: r l
• Constraints:
  • Nuclei: any vowel
  • Syllable Initial Consonants: /p b t d k g s x m n r l/ or nothing
  • Syllable Final Consonants: any consonant except /m n l/, included clusters /pt kt st xk/, /r/ with any stop or /s x/, or nothing
  • Intersyllabic Cluster: any final consonant or cluster (or nothing) and then any initial consonant (or nothing), except for geminate stops.
• Allophony:
  • s x :> ʃ prior to i

History

Between Appisto and Apfiso the following sound changes occurred:

Beginning with mass affrication:

• ps bs ts ds ks gs rs :> pf) bv) ts) dz) tsˠ) dzˠ) dzˠ)
• px bx tx dx kx gx rx  :> pf) bv) tʃ) dʒ) tʃˠ) dʒˠ) dʒˠ)
• pr br tr dr kr gr :> pf) bv) tʃ) dʒ) tʃˠ) dʒˠ)
• pp bb tt dd kk gg :> pf) bv) ts) dz) kx) gG)

In addition to some other simplifications as well:

• sx xs :> ʃ ʃ
• si xi :> ʃi ʃi
• sr xr :> st xk
• VsCV :> Vs:V
• VsV Vs:V :> VzV VsV
• tsˠ) tʃˠ) dzˠ) dʒˠ) :> tsʷ) tʃʷ) dzʷ) dʒʷ)