Gìdago: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 11:59, 17 July 2011

Gìdago
Pronounced:	/gi˧˥dago/
Timeline and Universe:	none
Species:	Human
Spoken:	Gimá
Total speakers:	13 million
Writing system:	Latin
Genealogy:	Gan Language Family North Ganic Soskra Gìdago Má
Typology
Morphological type:	Agglutinative
Morphosyntactic alignment:	Nominative-Accusative
Basic word order:	SVO
Credits
Creator:	ILuvEire
Created:	February 2009

Gìdago is a daughter of the first language (Soskra) to really split off from Ginhtköl. Therefore it has the most simplified and changed grammar and phonology.

Phonology

If you compare this phonology with the phonology of Ginhtköl, you'll see MANY changes.

Consonants

Consonants
	Bilabial		Labiod.		Dental		Alveolar		Post-alv.		Velar
Nasal		m						n				ŋng
Plosive		b						d				g
Fricative				v		ð		z		ʒj
Trill								r
Lateral Approximant								l

In the chart, I wrote in the orthography, where it's different from IPA.

Vowels

Vowels
	Front	Near-front	Central	Near-back		Back
High	i				u
High-mid		e					o
Low			a

Tones

Name	Description	Diacritic
Nan 'level'	mid level	(no mark)
Ùen 'hanging'	mid falling	`
Sá 'sharp'	mid rising	´
Ôi 'asking'	mid dipping-rising	^

Verbs

Pronouns

	First	Second	Third
Singular	Wi	Mó	Vo
Plural	Gú	Mò	Lu

No, that's not a typo. The only difference between the second person plural and the singular is the tone. They traditionally came from totally different words but, through sound change, came to have very similar sounds.

First Conjugation

Root: Aðeva - eat In the singular, there is no change. So "I eat" is "wi áheva."

In the plural, the first person plural (like we) uses the affix -no. So it's is "gú áhevano." There is no change in the second person plural (think y'all). The third person plural (they) changes the last vowel to -o, so "lu ahevo."

Conjugation of an example verb:

Pronoun	Example Verb
We	Áhevano
They	Áhevo

Second Conjugation

This one has a bit more conjugation involved! I'm just going to make a chart:

	Singular	Plural
First	-a	-a
Second	-a	-o
Third	-u	-u

And an example verb, win (to buy)

	Singular	Plural
First	Wina	Wina
Second	Wina	Wino
Third	Winu	Winu

Negation

To negate a verb, all you need to do is use the negation verb, ó.

SingularPlural FirstÓnÓno SecondÓdÓm ThirdÓgO

Nouns

First Declension

Case name	Affix	Example
Plural	-gó	êgo
Accusative	-d	êd
Genitive	-nd	ênd
Dative	-na	êna
Locative	-d	êd
Instrumental	-du	êdu
Vocative	-ge	êge
Aversive	Tone change	è

Second Declension

Case name	Affix	Example
Plural	-ó	goló
Accusative	-od	golod
Genitive	-ud	golud
Dative	Tone change	gól
Locative	-d	gold
Instrumental	-aga	golaga
Vocative	-eje	goleje
Aversive	-ð or tone change	gò

Numbers

Gìdago numbers are a base five system, just like Ginhtköl before it. There have been some changes though:

1 ìg

2 gá

3 mán

4 nara

5 ví

10 gávi

20 naravi

30 vínivi

40 vínemavi

50 gávivi

Honorifics

Honorific	Meaning	Example
Jíla	Used with an elder	Jonzeje-jíla - Grandmother Jones
Nusan	Used with a priest	Garige-nusan - Pastor Gary
Jun	Used as a general honorific for a man	Tanakagege-jun - Mr. Tanaka
Junau	Used as a general honorific for a woman	Milage-junau - Ms. Miller
Aná	A polite diminutive	Janvaige-aná - little girl
Garu	An impolite diminutive	Gozijige - little man
Jinénji	Used when addressing a large group of people	Mirozod-jinénji - Microsoft
Zan	Used with a royal person or deity	Danéjeje-zan - God

Extras

Using Do

Jimá means "to do" and it is used in many ways.

It changes nouns into verbs.
It changes foreign nouns into inflectable verbs. This way we can keep the loan, unmolested. EX: Wi gobí jimá - I'm making a copy.
Just as ó can be used as an informal way of saying no, jimá can be used to mean yes.

Mó nád gábad aga? - Are you a walrus?

Jimá - Yes (lit. I do)

The final way this verb is used is for emphasis. If you want to emphasize the sentence, stick jimá before all the other verbs. EX: Wi jimá nán gábad! - I AM a walrus!

Forming Questions

Questions are formed in two ways:

-(a)na is stuck on to the main verb in the sentence. This is generally more formal. EX: Mó nenande gábad? - Are you a walrus?
Aga is thrown at the end of the sentence (the very last word!). EX: Mó nen gábad aga? - Are you a walrus?

To be

The most used verb in the language is also highly irregular. In the present tense it conjugates like this:

Infinitive: na

	First	Second	Third
Singular	nán	nád	ná
Plural	nau	nâ	nâ

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 &nbsp;&nbsp;Soskra<br>
 &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Gìdago'''<br>
-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Má'''<br>
+&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Má<br>
 |morph=Agglutinative
 |ms=Nominative-Accusative
 |wo=SVO
-|creator=ILuvEire
+|creator=[[ILuvEire]]
 |date=February 2009}}
@@ Line 78: / Line 78: @@
 | '''Sá''' &nbsp; 'sharp'
 | mid rising
+| align="center" | '''´'''
 |-
 | '''Ôi''' &nbsp; 'asking'
@@ Line 86: / Line 87: @@
 ==Verbs==
 ===Pronouns===
+<table>
+<tr><td></td> <td>First</td> <td>Second</td> <td>Third</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Singular</td> <td>Wi</td> <td>Mó</td> <td>Vo</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Plural</td><td>Gú</td> <td>Mò</td> <td>Lu</td></tr>
+</table>
+No, that's not a typo. The only difference between the second person plural and the singular is the tone. They traditionally came from totally different words but, through sound change, came to have very similar sounds.
 ===First Conjugation===
+Root: Aðeva - eat
+In the singular, there is no change. So "I eat" is "wi áheva."
+In the plural, the first person plural (like we) uses the affix -no. So it's is "gú áhevano." There is no change in the second person plural (think y'all). The third person plural (they) changes the last vowel to -o, so "lu ahevo."
+Conjugation of an example verb:
+<table>
+<tr><td>Pronoun</td><td>Example Verb</td></tr>
+<tr><td>We</td><td>Áhevano</td></tr>
+<tr><td>They</td><td>Áhevo</td></tr>
+</table>
 ===Second Conjugation===
-===Irregular Verbs===
+This one has a bit more conjugation involved! I'm just going to make a chart:
+<table>
+<tr><td></td><td>Singular</td><td>Plural</td></tr>
+<tr><td>First</td><td>-a</td><td>-a</td>
+<tr><td>Second</td><td>-a</td><td>-o</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Third</td><td>-u</td><td>-u</td></tr>
+</table>
+And an example verb, win (to buy)
+<table>
+<tr><td></td><td>Singular</td><td>Plural</td></tr>
+<tr><td>First</td><td>Wina</td><td>Wina</td>
+<tr><td>Second</td><td>Wina</td><td>Wino</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Third</td><td>Winu</td><td>Winu</td></tr>
+</table>
 ===Negation===
+To negate a verb, all you need to do is use the negation verb, <i>ó</i>.
+<tr><td></td><td>Singular</td><td>Plural</td></tr>
+<tr><td>First</td><td>Ón</td><td>Óno</td>
+<tr><td>Second</td><td>Ód</td><td>Óm</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Third</td><td>Óg</td><td>O</td></tr>
+</table>
 ==Nouns==
 ===First Declension===
+<table>
+<tr><td>Case name</td><td>Affix</td><td>Example</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Plural</td><td>-gó</td><td>êgo</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Accusative</td><td>-d</td><td>êd</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Genitive</td><td>-nd</td><td>ênd</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Dative</td><td>-na</td><td>êna</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Locative</td><td>-d</td><td>êd</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Instrumental</td><td>-du</td><td>êdu</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Vocative</td><td>-ge</td><td>êge</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Aversive</td><td>Tone change</td><td>è</td></tr>
+</table>
 ===Second Declension===
+<table>
+<tr><td>Case name</td><td>Affix</td><td>Example</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Plural</td><td>-ó</td><td>goló</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Accusative</td><td>-od</td><td>golod</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Genitive</td><td>-ud</td><td>golud</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Dative</td><td>Tone change</td><td>gól</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Locative</td><td>-d</td><td>gold</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Instrumental</td><td>-aga</td><td>golaga</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Vocative</td><td>-eje</td><td>goleje</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Aversive</td><td>-ð or tone change</td><td>gò</td></tr>
+</table>
 ==Numbers==
+Gìdago numbers are a base five system, just like Ginhtköl before it. There have been some changes though:
+<p>1 ìg
+<p>2 gá
+<p>3 mán
+<p>4 nara
+<p>5 ví
+<p>10 gávi
+<p>20 naravi
+<p>30 vínivi
+<p>40 vínemavi
+<p>50 gávivi
 ==Honorifics==
+<table>
+<tr><td>Honorific</td><td>Meaning</td><td>Example</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Jíla</td><td>Used with an elder</td><td>Jonzeje-jíla - Grandmother Jones</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Nusan</td><td>Used with a priest</td><td>Garige-nusan - Pastor Gary</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Jun</td><td>Used as a general honorific for a man</td><td>Tanakagege-jun - Mr. Tanaka</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Junau</td><td>Used as a general honorific for a woman</td><td>Milage-junau - Ms. Miller</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Aná</td><td>A polite diminutive</td><td>Janvaige-aná - little girl</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Garu</td><td>An impolite diminutive</td><td>Gozijige - little man</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Jinénji</td><td>Used when addressing a large group of people</td><td>Mirozod-jinénji - Microsoft</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Zan</td><td>Used with a royal person or deity</td><td>Danéjeje-zan - God</td></tr>
+</table>
 ==Extras==
 ===Using Do===
+Jimá means "to do" and it is used in many ways.
+* It changes nouns into verbs.
+* It changes foreign nouns into inflectable verbs. This way we can keep the loan, unmolested. EX: Wi gobí jimá - I'm making a copy.
+* Just as ó can be used as an informal way of saying no, jimá can be used to mean yes.
+<p>Mó nád gábad aga? - Are you a walrus?
+<p>Jimá - Yes (lit. I do)
+* The final way this verb is used is for emphasis. If you want to emphasize the sentence, stick jimá before all the other verbs. EX: Wi jimá nán gábad! - I AM a walrus!
 ===Forming Questions===
-===Emphasis===
+Questions are formed in two ways:
+* -(a)na is stuck on to the main verb in the sentence. This is generally more formal. EX: Mó nenande gábad? - Are you a walrus?
+* Aga is thrown at the end of the sentence (the very last word!). EX: Mó nen gábad aga? - Are you a walrus?
+===To be===
+The most used verb in the language is also highly irregular. In the present tense it conjugates like this:
+<p>Infinitive: na
+<table>
+<tr><td></td> <td>First</td> <td>Second</td> <td>Third</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Singular</td> <td>nán</td> <td>nád</td> <td>ná</td></tr>
+<tr><td>Plural</td><td>nau</td> <td>nâ</td> <td>nâ</td></tr>
+</table>
+[[Category: Conlangs]]