Folkendetonge

 folkendetonge

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ALPHABET
a ä b d ð e é f g h i í j k l m n o ó å p r s t u ú v x y


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Vowels

        
a       ɐ
au	o
å       æo
ä	æ
ää	æə
e       ə
ey/ei	ɑe
é       ei 
i       ɨ
í       ɨi    
o       ʌ    
ó       ɐʉ
u       ʉ   
ú       ɔɯ    

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        int.    med.    fin.
b	b	b	b    
d       d	d	ɝ
ð 	-	-	d
f       f	-	f
g       g	g       ː (pronounced [ʝ] before ä, e, é, i and í)
h       h/θ	-	- (pronounced [θ] only in pronouns) 
k       k	g	k (pronounced [c] before ä, e, é, i and í)
l	ɭ	ɭ	ɭ (pronounced as a voiceless retroflex lateral fricative)
m  	m	m	m
n     	n	n	n
p	p	b	p
r       ɻ	ɻ	ɻ
s	s	z	z      
t       t	d	t
v       ʋ       ʋ       ʋ

ðð      -       ðʷ       ð
mh      -       ʋ       ʋ
ng      -       ŋg      ŋk
ld      -       lʲ       lʲ
nd      -       nʲ       nʲ
rd      -       rʲ       rʲ
sk      ʃ/ɕ     ʃ/ɕ      ʃ/ɕ ( [ɕ] before or after ä, e, é, i and í)

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PRONOUNS
        1st     2nd     3rd
			common	neu  
nom.    ag 	hå      han	hät 
        vit	hit 	här	ho
accu.   mig     hig	hande	hät
        ogur    igur   	här	ho
dat.    mér     hér     hendi	hví
        ogur 	igur	hän	hän
gen.    min     hin     hans	hes
        oge     ige    	häre	häre

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NOUNS

COMMON
i umlaut for plural

	indef		def
nom	ään skip	skipen
	skiper		skipner
acc	äände skipe	skipen
	skiper		skipner
gen	äänder skips	skipens	
	skipe		skipende
dat	äänden skipe	skipen
	skipen		skipende

NEUTER
u umlaut for plural

	indef		def
nom	ää barn		barnet		
	bern		bernende
acc	ää barn		barnet
	bern		bernende	
gen	ää barns	barnsens
	berne		bernende
dat	ää barne	barnende
	bernen		bernende

UMLAUT
        i      u
a       e      e
å       å      å
ä	e      ä
ää	ei     ää
e       i      e
é       í      é 
i       i      i
í       í      í    
o       e      o    
ó       au/ey  ó
u       i      u
ú       í      ú 

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NOUN/PRONOUN LIST
alf - elf c
age - edge n
amhe - grandmother n 
arm - arm c 
arn - eagle c
äððem - breath n 
äpe - grand father n
äppe - age c
ägir - dread / respect n
äg - egg c
äpel - apple, fruit n
äske - ash n
ääk - oak tree c
bake - bacon n
bald - prince / nobleman c
barð - poet n
barn - child n
bän - bone c
bär - boar n
breyst - breast n
biarg - fortress n
bierde - hole c
biern - bear c
blað - leaf / spoon n
blúm - flower c
bleð - blood n
bork - bark c
boten - bottom n
búl - bowl / cup n
búnd -  farmer c
brand - club n
bräðir - brother c 
brege - bridge c
breyð - bread n
bikunde - female dog n
búk - book n
belg - belly/bag c
belde - bellows n 
dag - day c
dald - dale n
datir - daughter c
dät - death n 
dolt - fool c
dúst - dust c
dverg - dwarf n
dir - animal c
dverde - delving n
dúr - door c
dräge - dragon c
dreym - dream n
fäðir - father c
färe - fear n
field - field n
féðð - feather n
fläsk - flesh c
flenke - large piece of meat n
flet - plain n
folk - person c
fros - frost n
frosk - frog c
friðð - peace n
finger - finger n
firn - last year c
fisk - fish n
ferk - pigling c
fút - foot n
feyt - fat n
gafel - pitch fork n
galdät - law c
gand - magic n
gate - street n
gatret - courtesy c
gärn - yarn n
gär - spear c
gofe - steam n
gold - gold c
grase - grass n
grim - face n
góð - god c
geys - goose n
hafen - haven c
hate - hag, witch n
hage - hedge c
haldende - possession n
halse - neck c
hamhar - hammer n
har - hair n
her - army/host c
häð - honor c
hende - female deer n
hey - hay c
hérne - here
himhin - heaven n 
hirn - brain n
hiärte - heart c
horn - horn c
lag - laugh n
läf - loaf c
lis - sound n
lenk - armour c
nafe - servant boy c
neke - peninsula n
hod - covering n
holte - fortified homestead c 
hund - hound, dog c
hós - house n
rofe - scab n
rúf - roost c
húrs - horse n
rút - roof c
rig - backside, tail, arse n
rege - back n
ring - ring c 
virel - crown c
vel - whale n
hek - bang c
held - hall c
hend - hand n
herde - Honorary title 
hest - horse n
heyfuð - head c
heyk - hawk c
heyst - harvest n
gärel - noble man c
gärððe - earth n
käge - cask/keg c
klä - brick n
kné - knee n
komhe - block n
korn - grain c
kúnde - woman n
kúng - king c
krafe - strength c 
kroððe - cabbage n
kúr - cow c 
kveld - evening n
kiste - kiss n
ket - cat c
land - country n
langt - length n
laskt - weakness n
läk - lake c
leðe - filth c 
lefe - life c
lim - mortar n
loft - night sky c
lós - louse n
lifur - liver n
leg - leg c
len - lane n
lend - estate n
leyð - soap n
leyf - leaf (either book or tree) c
leyg - hot spring c
morgen - morning n
moðir - mother c
mund - mouth n
mós - mouse c
men - human c
nägle - nail n
nest - provision n
ne - now
ni - new
nigt - night c
nes - nose n
oxe - ox c
opant - hospitality n
orð - word n
orm - snake c
óðal - inn n
óð - poetry n 
ófel - owl c
ran - house n
räpt - log c
räp - rope n
regen - rain n
refen - raven/bird c
sär - sea c
säp - tree resin n
sek - sack n
seðe - sheep c
singel - pebble n
skald - poet n
skale - skull c
skape - body n
skäð - sheath n
skeg - beard n
skere - shire c
skerg - island n
skete - manure c
ske - cloud n 
skil - skill, art c
skin - skin, hide n
skield - shield n
skog - forest c
somhar - summer n
skenk - shank (leg of meat) c
skekel - chain n
ském - dishonour n
skerde - shore n
slange - worm c
slate - dirty or illbred woman n
súl - sun n
span - shingle n
spaððe - shovel c
sperde - rafter n
spiar - short spear c
spier - pole c 
spiúk - ghost n
staððe - household n
stän - stone n 
steke - stick n
stiärne - star c
stior - bull c
storm - storm n
steð - city n
svestir - sister c
sverð - crust c
sven - swan n
sen - son c
serk - shirt n
serv - necklace n
tafel - table n
tar - tear c
tid - tide / time n
tiare - tar c
tonge - tongue, language n
trää - tree n
tun - town c
timher - timber n
tend - tooth c
ung - youth n
vald - small forest n
varar - oath c
varg - outlaw n
vaten - water c
välisk - foreigner c
vänd - wind n
väng - wing c
venda - wine n
vende - struggle c
við - wood c
vif - female blood relation n
vik - coastal city c 
vike - witch n
vin - friend n
råðar - courage n 
räð - wrath c
rútel - root c
veg - way n
vege - wall n
vet - winter n
hing - thing c
smer - butter c
smið - smith n
smir - oil c
snäge - hook c
snorde - sister-in-law c
snek - snake d1 n
rúte - throat n
svälte - fever n
él - beer c
ald - all c
esk - ash tree n
ei - island c
auge - eye n
aure - ear n
aust - east n
aut - poison c

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VERBS

at sega "to say"
        PRESENT TENSE
        1st     2nd     3rd
sng.    seg     seger   seger
du/plr  segun   sigið   sege

        PAST TENSE
        1st     2nd     3rd
sng.    segðe   segðer  segðe
du/plr  segðun  segðe   segðe

til baka "to bake"
	PRESENT TENSE
	1st	2nd	3rd
sng	bake	bäkir	bake
plr	bäkin	bäkið	bake

	PAST TENSE
	1st	2nd	3rd
sng	bakðe	bäkðir	bakðe
plr	bäkðin	bäkðið	bakðe

TENSES
infinitive - at sege (to say)
present - seg (say/saying)
past - segðe (said)
future - skäl seg (will say)
present perfect - hafe segðe (have said)
past perfect - hafðe segðe (had said)
future perfect - skäl segðe (will have said)
past progressive - segðende (was saying)
progressive - segende (saying)
future progressive - skäl segende (will be saying)
past participle - gasegðe (said) 

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VERB LIST
at arga - to unnerve 
at äga - to goad 
til baka - to bake 
til biarga - to bury 
til bleða - to bleed 
til brinda - to burn 
til dänga - to hammer
til degga - to die 
til drefa - to drive
til drenka - to drink 
at elska - to love
at éginda - to own  
til fara - to go 
at fäðemha - to fathom 
at fära - to fear
til frosa - to freeze
til filda - to fill 
til finda - to find 
til fla - to skin 
at gabba - to mock 
til gan - to come 
at gasa - to look/gape
til gefa - to give 
til gälda - to castrate 
til genga - to walk 
til gäta - to obtain 
at gräta - to forgive 
at hafa - to have 
til halda - to hold 
til halsa - to kiss
at häkla - to heckle 
til häspa - to secure
til hämha - to dwell 
til leypa - to run 
at hongera - to hunger 
til kalda - to call 
til kasta - to throw 
til knappa - to eat 
til knotta - to tie in a knot
at kneva - to submit
til kneva - to kneel 
at koga - to oppress 
at kopa - to keep 
at krafa - to demand
at kira - to choose 
at låka - to play
til låka - to exercise
til låkka - to dance  
til läga - to lay 
at läfa - to remain 
at läðða - to command in action
til läðða - to lead 
at liða - to praise
til liða - to sing
at liga - to speak falsely 
at morna - to mourn 
til morna - to pine
til vepa - to weep 
til uta - to expel 
at pritta - to trick 
til råsa - to raise 
til risa - to rise  
til reyfa - to rob 
til sänka - to sink 
til sända - to send
til säta - to set
at sega - to say
at seika - to search 
at sia - to see 
at skapa - to shape/make
at skemha - to dishonour
at släpa - to sleep 
til standa - to stand 
til streka - to stroke 
til svemha - to move in the water 
til taka - to take 
at tala - to tell 
at targa - to defend 
at tälda - to remember 
til täga - to tie 
at trigga - to believe/trust 
at valda - to rule 
til valka - to drag 
til vandra - to travel
at veska - to ask 
til räka - to wreck 
at hanka - to thank 
til häka - to cover 
til mirva - to smear
til húla - to endure
at hinka - to think 
til rótna - to swell
til enda - to work
til openda - to open 
at eska - to want 

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COPOLAs
vara "to be"
        PRESENT TENSE
        1st     2nd     3rd
sng.    ere     ert     er      
plr     ere     ere     ere

        PAST TENSE
        1st     2nd     3rd
sng.    var     vart    var
plr 	vere    vere    vere 

        IMPERATIVE
        1st     2nd     3rd
sng.    vore    vorst   vor
du/plr  vore    vore    vore 

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ADJECTIVES
ungur "young"

nom.	ungur
	unger
acc.	ungen
	unger
gen.	ungs
	unge
dat.	ungen
	ungen

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ADJECTIVE/ADVERB LIST
aðal - noble
ald - old
andar - other
arg - unmanly
ääve - forever
ändir - last 
bert - bright
blak - dark
beyse - bad
efen - even/fair
endir - end
fät - fat
fegar - fair
fiare - few
frið - free
fuld - full
fer - before
genog - enough
gúð - good
half - half
har - venerable/respectable
hefig - heavy
hälg - holy
herð - hard
heyr - high
lang - long 
lask - weak
pret - pretty
lúðð - famous
lóð - loud
magt - mighty
mest - most
mére - more
mikil - great/many/large
mirk - dark
nist - next
ofter - after/later
úð - insane/mad
skale - bald
skamh - short
skäle - balance
slat - common
sler - slow/blunt/stupid
speke - small
stark - strong
stor - big
stirtel - barren sterile
sum - some
trést - loyal/faithful
tvark - strange
ung - young
við - wide
vist - wise
hek - thick
ruk - through/thorough
hund - thin/narrow
ifir - over
indir - under
elen - all

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COMMON WORDS/PHRASES
gä - yes
nä - no
häl - hello
gúð dag - good day/morning
gúð kveld - good evening/night
for ofter - goodbye
hanka - thank you

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QUESTION WORDS (not declined)
vemh - who
vað - what / that
var - where
varn - where from
vein - when
varfor - why
vilk - which

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DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
hérne - here / there
heðar - hither
gend - that there (yonder)
hate - that 
heste - this 
haðar - thither

----

gästarmorgen - yesterday morning
gästar - yesterday
gästarkveld - last night
morgen - this morning
dag - today
kveld - tonight
nistermorgen - tomorrow morning
nister - tomorrow
nisterkveld - tomorrow night

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PREPOSTION/CONJUNCTION LIST
af - of
an - on+accu./onto+dat.
ekka - no/without
for - for
fre - from
i - in+accu./into+dat.
gäf - if
ney - not 
og - and
sve - so
hän - then
he - instrumental marker "with" "using"
ut - out+accu./out of+dat.
ór - made by/done by
veð - with

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AFFIXES
al- - the whole of something alhós = all houses 
-feld - multiplicative suffix rirfeld = threefold/thrice
gä- - collective many together gäspiúk = many ghosts
-ge - see "-isk"
-lik - see "-isk"
-ling - diminuative baldeling = princeling
-leys - lacking hinkeleys = thoughtless
ú- - indicates opposite úvis = not wise (stupid)
-nes - city on a beach svanes = swanness
-sk - reflexive suffixe tälsk = tell yourself/oneself (remember)
-skep - state of being gofeskep = to be steam (angry)
-sem - added to a number to make a group of that number femsem = fivesome
-virð - worthy liðvirð (praiseworthy)
-vik - city by the sea  langvik = longwick
-verð - toward nigteverð = near to night
-ing - "born of" hinking = born of thought (idea/man of science)
-isk - approximative visisk = smart (almost wise)
-er - agentive gifer = giver

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CURRENCY
each denomination has two values, a copper value and a silver value
the copper being 1/16th the value of the silver

halfepenig - half penny (2 grams) 
penig - penny (4 grams)
skildig - shilling (6 grams)
virel - crown (12 grams)
femt - fifth (60 grams)
komhe - block (300 grams)

----

WEIGHT
däl - 2 grams
ring - 32 grams
mark - 320 grams
halfeständ - 5.12 kilos
ständ - 10.24 kilos
tvafeld - 20.48 kilos
skipeständ - 163.84 kilos

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VOLUME
drúpe - 0.1 ml
häspe - 1.6 ml
blað - 25.6 ml
búl - 204.8 ml
käge - 6 l 553.6 ml
oksheyfð - 104 l 857.6 ml

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MEASURE
hom - 2.2 cm 
fing - 8.8 cm 
hend - 17.6 cm
alen - 70.4 cm
skeplang - 11 m 26.4 cm
geng - 180 m 22.4 cm
raste - 2 km 883 m 58.4 cm

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TIME
tung - usually 1/300 of a speka
speke - 5 min  
tiand - 1.5 hrs 
dag - 24 hrs 
monäð - 28 days 
geär - 364 days 
langeär - 367 days

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MONTHES
#1 negeär (new year) december 22 
#2 tärt (second) january 19
#3 stirtelmonð (barren month) february 16
#4 äämhonð (one month) March 16
#5 femt (fifth) April 13
#6 varem (warm) May 11
#7 súlmonð (sunmonth) June 8 (29 every 12 years)
#8 heymhonð (haymonth) July 6 (29 every 12 year)
#9 tärfeld (twofold) August 3
#10 heystemonð (harvest month) August 31 (29 every 12 years)
#11 nivet (new winter) September 28
#12 frormonð (frostmonth) October 26 
#13 endirmonð (endmonth) november 25 

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COLOURS
blå - dark blue
brónd - brown
giúld - yellow
gul - gold
grän - green
lód - grey
vit - white
reyð - red
sart - black
silfe - silver

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NUMBERS
All numbers are 5th declension
CARDINAL
ään - one
tär - two 
rir - three
fére - four 
fem - five
sex - six
seyfen - seven 
ågte - eight
nev - nine
te - ten
elfe - eleven
telf - twelve
rirten - thirteen
sexeten - sixteen
nevten - nineteen
terté - twenty
rirogterté - twentythree
femté - fifty
húndärd - hundred
hósind - thousand

ORDINAL
first - first
andard - second
rið - third
férend - fourth
femt - fifth
sexet - sixth
seyfend - seventh
ågtend - eighth
nivand - ninth
tiand - tenth
elfend - eleventh
telfet - twelfth
I see a man.
ag sia äände mene.

----

You see a woman.
hå sia ää kúnde.
[θæo sɨɐ ɑe kɔɯnʲə]

We see a man and a woman.
vit siun äände mene og ää kúnde.
[ʋɨt sɨʉn ɑenʲə mənə ʌː ɑe kɔɯnʲə]

I have a dog.
ag haf äände hunde.
[ɐː hɐf ɑenʲə hʉnʲə]

You have a cat.
hå hafer äände kete.
[θæo hɐəɻ ɑenʲə cədə]

This is my dog.
heste er min hunde.
[həstə əɻ mɨn hʉnʲə]

That is your cat.
hate er hin kete
[hɐdə əɻ θɨn cədə]

Where is the cat?
var keten er?
[ʋɐɻ cədən əɻ]

The cat is here.
keten er hérne.
[cədən əɻ heiɻnə]

Birds sing.
refener liðe.
[ɻəːnəɻ ɭɨdə]

Children play.
bern låker
[bəɻn ɭæogəɻ]

Children, play!
vara låkende bern!
[ʋɐɻɐ ɭæogənʲə bəɻn]

do you want red wine?
hå reyð venda esker?
[θæo ɻɑed ʋənʲɒ əɕəɻ]

is this your wife?
heste hin kúnde er?
[həstə θɨn kɔɯnʲə əɻ]

give me your lands and possessions!
gifir mér hin lend og haldende!
[ʝɨːɻ meiɻ θɨn ɭənʲ ʌː hɐlʲənʲə]

You dishonour yourself.
hå skemher hig.
[θæo ɕʋəɻ θɨː]

think for yourself!
hafer hin hinketer!
[hɐəɻ θɨn hɨŋkədəɻ]

i would like forty pounds of grain.
ag eske ään ständ og ään halfeständ af korn.
[ɐː əɕə ɑen stænʲ ʌː ɑen hɐlfəstænʲ ɐf kʌɻn]

it's about 4 miles to svanness.
tär raster er til svannessende. 
[tæɻ ɻɐstəɻ əɻ tɨɭ sʋɐnəsənʲə]

what time is it?
vað tidet er?
[ʋɐd tɨdət əɻ]

the time is 4 pm.
tidet er sex tiander.
[tɨdət əɻ səks tɨɐnʲəɻ]

remember to sleep.
hinker af at släpa.
[hɨŋkəɻ ɐf ɐt ʂɭæbɐ]

where is the inn?
var óðalet er?
[ʋɐɻ ɐʉdɐɭət əɻ]