Roman Germanech: Difference between revisions

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|colspan="2" bgcolor="#99FF00" align="center" |'''Germanech'''
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#99FF00" align="center" |'''Roman Germanech'''
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Spoken in:
|valign="top"|Spoken in:
||Germany
||Odenwald, Germany
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:
|valign="top"|Timeline/Universe:
Line 9: Line 9:
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Total speakers:
|valign="top"|Total speakers:
||ca. 5,000
||ca. 500
|-
|-
|valign="top"|Genealogical classification:
|valign="top"|Genealogical classification:
||[[Wikipedia:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]<br>
||[[Wikipedia:Indo-European languages|Indo-European]]<br>
&nbsp;[[Wikipedia:Italic languages|Italic]]<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;[[Wikipedia:Romance languages|Romance]]<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Western Romance<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''Roman Germanech'''
|-
|valign="top"|[[Basic word order]]:
||SVO (V2), SOV in subclauses
|-
|valign="top"|[[Morphological type]]:
||fusional
|-
|valign="top"|[[Morphosyntactic alignment]]:
||accusative
|-
|colspan="2" bgcolor="#99FF00" align="center" |'''Created by:'''
|-
||[[User:WeepingElf|Jörg Rhiemeier]]|| 2001-2013
|}
'''Roman Germanech''' ([ʀɔ'man ʒɛʀ'manəç], also known as ''Odenwälder Welsch'', or simply ''Welsch'' among the local German-speaking population) is a [[romlang|Romance]] [[diachronic conlang]] invented by [[User:WeepingElf|Jörg Rhiemeier]].  It is a Romance language of Germany which was inspired by Andrew Smith's [[Brithenig]].  In the world of the [[League of Lost Languages]], it is spoken in a few villages in the Odenwald area northeast of Heidelberg, Germany.
Roman Germanech has undergone certain sound changes similar to the ones of German, including the High German consonant shift and i-umlaut. Otherwise, it is a pretty normal Romance language without any "cool" features, though it has adopted the V2 syntax of German.
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
Roman Germanech has the following consonant phonemes:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
! &nbsp;
! Labial
! Alveolar
! Postalveolar
! Palatal
! Velar
|-
! Voiceless stops
| p || t || || || k
|-
! Voiced stops
| b || d || || || g
|-
! Voiceless affricates
| pf || ts || tʃ || ||
|-
! Voiced affricates
| || || dʒ || ||
|-
! Voiceless fricatives
| f || s || ʃ || ç || (x)
|-
! Voiced fricatives
| v || (z) || ʒ || ||
|-
! Nasals
| m || n || || || ŋ
|-
! Lateral
| || l || || ||
|-
! Trill
| || || || || ʀ
|-
! Semivowel
|| || || || j ||
|}
[x] is an allophine of /ç/ that occurs after back vowels.
[z] is an allophone of /s/ that occurs between vowels.
The trill /ʀ/ is uvular.
===Vowels===
Roman Germanech has the vowels /a ɛ i ɔ u/ (spelled '''a e i o u''') plus the front rounded vowels /œ y/ (spelled '''ö ü''') and schwa (spelled '''e''').  The letter '''ä''' represents the same vowel as '''e'''; it is used where the vowel represents an umlauted /a/.  The vowel /ɛ/ is spelled '''é''' when it is the last non-schwa vowel.
===Alphabet and pronunciation===
The alphabet of Roman Germanech is the Latin alphabet with the special letters '''ä''', '''ö''' and '''ü''' (sorted as '''ae''', '''oe''', '''ue''', respectively).  There is also an accented '''é''' (sorted as '''e''').
The consonants are pronounced as in English, with the following
exceptions:
{|
| '''c''' || like ''sh'' before front vowels, like ''k'' elsewhere
|-
| '''ch''' || as in German
|-
| '''cj''' || always like ''sh''
|-
| '''dj''' || like ''j'' in ''job''
|-
| '''g''' || like ''s'' in ''measure'' before front vowels, like ''g'' in ''good'' elsewhere
|-
| '''gj''' || like ''s'' in ''measure''
|-
| '''gu''' || as in ''guitar'' before front vowels
|-
| '''h''' || very lightly pronounced if at all
|-
| '''j''' || like ''y'' in ''yes'' (but see '''cj''', '''dj''', '''gj''' and '''tj''')
|-
| '''qu''' || like ''k'' before front vowels
|-
| '''r''' || uvular ''r'' as in French
|-
| '''s''' || like ''z'' in ''zone'' intervocalically, otherwise as in ''sing''
|-
| '''tj''' || like ''ch'' in ''chin''
|-
| '''x''' || the same as '''s'''
|-
| '''z''' || the same as '''s'''
|}
The vowels are pronounced as in German.
===Accent===
Accent falls on the last full (non-schwa) vowel.
===Sound changes===
# [velar] > [palatal] /_[front vowel]
# qu > k
# Short vowels:<br>e > ie<br>i > e<br>ae > e<br>oe > e<br>o > uo<br>u > o<br>au > o
# Loss of vowel length
# a > ä /_C+{i,j}<br>o > ö /_C+{i,j}<br>uo > üö /_C+{i,j}<br>u > ü /_C+{i,j}
# b > v /V_V<br>g > Ø /V_V
# p > f /{V,l,r}_!{r,l}<br>t > z /V_!{r,l}<br>k > ch /V_!{r,l}
# p > pf /{#,m}_<br>t > tz /{#,n,l,r}_<br>x > ch
# Vowels after the stressed syllable:<br>i > j /_V<br>u > v /_V<br>V > ə
# CRə > CəR /_#<br>ce > cj /_#<br>ge > gj /_#<br>ə > Ø /_#<br>ə > Ø /VR_C{V,#}<br>j > Ø /C_#
# i > ei<br>ü > äu<br>u > au
# ie > i<br>üö > ü<br>uo > u
==Morphology==
===Articles===
Germanech has a definite and an indefinite article.  The definite article is inflected for gender and number:
masc. sg. '''le''', masc. pl. '''les'''<br>
fem. sg. '''la''', fem. pl. '''las'''
The masculine definite article elides after prepositions that end in vowels:
'''a''' + '''le''' > '''al'''<br>
'''de''' + '''le''' > '''del'''
The indefinite genitive plural is expressed by the preposition '''des'''. 
The indefinite article is the same for both genders:
sg. '''un''', plural takes no article.
===Nouns===
Nominal morphology in Germanech is rather simple.
There are two genders, ''masculine'' and ''feminine''.  The Latin neuter has merged with the masculine.
The Latin case system has not survived in Germanech; thus, the noun is only inflected for number (''singular'' and ''plural'').  The plural is indicated by the suffix '''-s''' ('''-es''' after '''s''', '''z''', '''tz''', '''cj''', '''dj''', '''gj''', '''tj''').  Examples:
'''brach''' 'arm', pl. '''brachs'''<br>
'''camer''' 'room', pl. '''camers'''<br>
'''cas''' 'house', pl. '''cases'''<br>
'''catz''' 'cat', pl. '''catzes'''
There are a few irregular plurals, e.g.
'''corfs''' 'body', pl. '''corfres'''<br>
'''pfazer''' 'father', pl. '''pfatres'''
==External links==
* [http://www.joerg-rhiemeier.de/Conlang/germanech.html Roman Germanech]
[[Category:LLL]]
[[Category:Romance conlangs]]
[[Category:Diachronic conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 11:51, 4 September 2014

Roman Germanech
Spoken in: Odenwald, Germany
Timeline/Universe: League of Lost Languages
Total speakers: ca. 500
Genealogical classification: Indo-European

 Italic
  Romance
   Western Romance
    Roman Germanech

Basic word order: SVO (V2), SOV in subclauses
Morphological type: fusional
Morphosyntactic alignment: accusative
Created by:
Jörg Rhiemeier 2001-2013

Roman Germanech ([ʀɔ'man ʒɛʀ'manəç], also known as Odenwälder Welsch, or simply Welsch among the local German-speaking population) is a Romance diachronic conlang invented by Jörg Rhiemeier. It is a Romance language of Germany which was inspired by Andrew Smith's Brithenig. In the world of the League of Lost Languages, it is spoken in a few villages in the Odenwald area northeast of Heidelberg, Germany.

Roman Germanech has undergone certain sound changes similar to the ones of German, including the High German consonant shift and i-umlaut. Otherwise, it is a pretty normal Romance language without any "cool" features, though it has adopted the V2 syntax of German.

Phonology

Consonants

Roman Germanech has the following consonant phonemes:

  Labial Alveolar Postalveolar Palatal Velar
Voiceless stops p t k
Voiced stops b d g
Voiceless affricates pf ts tʃ
Voiced affricates dʒ
Voiceless fricatives f s ʃ ç (x)
Voiced fricatives v (z) ʒ
Nasals m n ŋ
Lateral l
Trill ʀ
Semivowel j

[x] is an allophine of /ç/ that occurs after back vowels. [z] is an allophone of /s/ that occurs between vowels. The trill /ʀ/ is uvular.

Vowels

Roman Germanech has the vowels /a ɛ i ɔ u/ (spelled a e i o u) plus the front rounded vowels /œ y/ (spelled ö ü) and schwa (spelled e). The letter ä represents the same vowel as e; it is used where the vowel represents an umlauted /a/. The vowel /ɛ/ is spelled é when it is the last non-schwa vowel.

Alphabet and pronunciation

The alphabet of Roman Germanech is the Latin alphabet with the special letters ä, ö and ü (sorted as ae, oe, ue, respectively). There is also an accented é (sorted as e).

The consonants are pronounced as in English, with the following exceptions:

c like sh before front vowels, like k elsewhere
ch as in German
cj always like sh
dj like j in job
g like s in measure before front vowels, like g in good elsewhere
gj like s in measure
gu as in guitar before front vowels
h very lightly pronounced if at all
j like y in yes (but see cj, dj, gj and tj)
qu like k before front vowels
r uvular r as in French
s like z in zone intervocalically, otherwise as in sing
tj like ch in chin
x the same as s
z the same as s

The vowels are pronounced as in German.

Accent

Accent falls on the last full (non-schwa) vowel.

Sound changes

  1. [velar] > [palatal] /_[front vowel]
  2. qu > k
  3. Short vowels:
    e > ie
    i > e
    ae > e
    oe > e
    o > uo
    u > o
    au > o
  4. Loss of vowel length
  5. a > ä /_C+{i,j}
    o > ö /_C+{i,j}
    uo > üö /_C+{i,j}
    u > ü /_C+{i,j}
  6. b > v /V_V
    g > Ø /V_V
  7. p > f /{V,l,r}_!{r,l}
    t > z /V_!{r,l}
    k > ch /V_!{r,l}
  8. p > pf /{#,m}_
    t > tz /{#,n,l,r}_
    x > ch
  9. Vowels after the stressed syllable:
    i > j /_V
    u > v /_V
    V > ə
  10. CRə > CəR /_#
    ce > cj /_#
    ge > gj /_#
    ə > Ø /_#
    ə > Ø /VR_C{V,#}
    j > Ø /C_#
  11. i > ei
    ü > äu
    u > au
  12. ie > i
    üö > ü
    uo > u

Morphology

Articles

Germanech has a definite and an indefinite article. The definite article is inflected for gender and number:

masc. sg. le, masc. pl. les
fem. sg. la, fem. pl. las

The masculine definite article elides after prepositions that end in vowels:

a + le > al
de + le > del

The indefinite genitive plural is expressed by the preposition des.

The indefinite article is the same for both genders:

sg. un, plural takes no article.

Nouns

Nominal morphology in Germanech is rather simple.

There are two genders, masculine and feminine. The Latin neuter has merged with the masculine.

The Latin case system has not survived in Germanech; thus, the noun is only inflected for number (singular and plural). The plural is indicated by the suffix -s (-es after s, z, tz, cj, dj, gj, tj). Examples:

brach 'arm', pl. brachs
camer 'room', pl. camers
cas 'house', pl. cases
catz 'cat', pl. catzes

There are a few irregular plurals, e.g.

corfs 'body', pl. corfres
pfazer 'father', pl. pfatres

External links

Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Roman_Germanech&oldid=80752"