Garonnian/Sound changes: Difference between revisions

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== Vulgar Latin to Proto-Garonnian ==
== Vulgar Latin to Proto-Garonnian ==
* Deletion of vowels in contact with the liquids ({{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/r/}}): ''speculum'' → {{IPA|/isˈpɛkʲu/}} → {{IPA|/isˈpjɔdʒu/}} → ''pesçog​̧'' {{IPA|/pisˈtʃɔdʒ/}} "mirror"
* Deletion of vowels in contact with the liquids ({{IPA|/l/}} or {{IPA|/r/}}): ''speculum'' → {{IPA|/isˈpɛkʲu/}} → {{IPA|/isˈpjɔdʒu/}} → ''pisçog​̧'' {{IPA|/pisˈtʃɔdʒ/}} "mirror"
* Early lenition: {{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/v/}} merge to {{IPA|/β/}} in intervocalic positions. Before liquids, however, the sounds change to {{IPA|/w/}} instead (Latin ''parabolō'' → {{IPA|/paˈrawlu/}} → Garonnian ''parol'' {{IPA|/paˈrɔl/}} "I speak"). Note them will deleted before {{IPA|/j/}}.
* Early lenition: {{IPA|/b/}} and {{IPA|/v/}} merge to {{IPA|/β/}} in intervocalic positions. Before liquids, however, the sounds change to {{IPA|/w/}} instead (Latin ''parabolō'' → {{IPA|/paˈrawlu/}} → Garonnian ''parol'' {{IPA|/paˈrɔl/}} "I speak"). Note them will deleted before {{IPA|/j/}}.
* Palatalization of {{IPA|/l/}} following a consonant to {{IPA|/j/}} (note cluster {{IPA|/kl/}} → {{IPA|/kʲ}} → {{IPA|/tʃ/}} → {{IPA|/dʒ/}}, an unusual development in standards of Romance languages, e.g. Latin ''oculus'' → Garonnian ''ueg​̧'' "eye").
* Palatalization of {{IPA|/l/}} following a consonant to {{IPA|/j/}} (note cluster {{IPA|/kl/}} → {{IPA|/kʲ/}} → {{IPA|/tʃ/}} → {{IPA|/dʒ/}}, an unusual development in standards of Romance languages, e.g. Latin ''oculus'' → Garonnian ''ueg​̧'' "eye").
* Palatalization of {{IPA|/k(ɛ,i,j)/}}, {{IPA|/ɡ(ɛ,i,j)/}} to {{IPA|/tʃ/}} and {{IPA|/j/}}, respectively. The following original {{IPA|/j/}} sounds (resulted from {{IPA|/e(ː)/}} and {{IPA|/i(ː)/}} preceding vowels) are deleted.
* Palatalization of {{IPA|/k(ɛ,i,j)/}}, {{IPA|/ɡ(ɛ,i,j)/}} to {{IPA|/tʃ/}} and {{IPA|/j/}}, respectively. The following original {{IPA|/j/}} sounds (resulted from {{IPA|/e(ː)/}} and {{IPA|/i(ː)/}} preceding vowels) are deleted.
** Notice also additional palatalizations that only occur before {{IPA|/j/}}: {{IPA|/lʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ʎ/}}, {{IPA|/nʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ɲ/}}, {{IPA|/sʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ʃ/}}, and {{IPA|/tʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ts/}}. Others were still denoted by plain palatalization: {{IPA|/mʲ/}}, {{IPA|/pʲ/}}, and {{IPA|/rʲ/}}. Note that original {{IPA|/bʲ/}} in early Proto-Gallo-Sicilian times transformed into {{IPA|/j/}}: ''habeō'' → ''ai'' "I have".
** Notice also additional palatalizations that only occur before {{IPA|/j/}}: {{IPA|/lʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ʎ/}}, {{IPA|/nʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ɲ/}}, {{IPA|/sʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ʃ/}}, and {{IPA|/tʲ/}} → {{IPA|/ts/}}. Others were still denoted by plain palatalization: {{IPA|/mʲ/}}, {{IPA|/pʲ/}}, and {{IPA|/rʲ/}}. Note that original {{IPA|/bʲ/}} in early Proto-Garonnian times transformed into {{IPA|/j/}}: ''habeō'' → ''ai'' "I have".
* Vowel shifts: ten vowels in Classical Latin are reduced to only five vowels in Proto-Garonnian:
* Vowel shifts: ten vowels in Classical Latin are reduced to only five vowels in Proto-Garonnian:
{|
{|
Line 25: Line 25:
| colspan="2" | ɔ
| colspan="2" | ɔ
| colspan="2" | u  
| colspan="2" | u  
|}
** Additionally, vowels {{IPA|/ɛ/}} and {{IPA|/ɔ/}} change to {{IPA|/e/}} and {{IPA|/o/}} when preceding syllables containing vowels {{IPA|/i/}} and {{IPA|/u/}}, that would be phonemic sometime in the Garonnian language's history. The table below illustrates this change:
{| class="wikitable"
! Latin forms
! {{IPA|/ˈhabeːs/}}
! {{IPA|/ˈhabet/}}
! {{IPA|/haˈbeːmus/}}
! {{IPA|/haˈbeːtis/}}
|-
! Loss of ''-h-''
| {{IPA|/ˈabeːs/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈabet/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈbeːmus/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈbeːtis/}}
|-
! Early lenition
| {{IPA|/ˈaβeːs/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈaβet/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈβeːmus/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈβeːtis/}}
|-
! Vowel shift
| {{IPA|/ˈaːβɛs/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈaːβɛt/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈβemus/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈβetis/}}
|-
! First lenition
| {{IPA|/ˈaːβɛz/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈaːβɛd/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈβeːmuz/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈβeːdiz/}}
|-
! Second lenition
| {{IPA|/ˈaːɛz/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈaːɛð/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈeːmuz/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈeːðiz/}}
|-
! Vowel loss
| —
| —
| {{IPA|/aˈeːmz/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈeːðz/}}
|-
! Diphtongization
| {{IPA|/ˈaiɛz/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈaiɛð/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈeimz/}}
| {{IPA|/aˈeiðz/}}
|-
! Simplification
| {{IPA|/ˈaɛz/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈaɛð/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈaimz/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈaiðz/}}
|-
! Monophthongization
| —
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈɛmz/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈɛðz/}}
|-
! Compensatory lengthening
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈaɛ/}}
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈɛːz/}}
|-
! Garonnian forms
! ''aes''
! ''aed''
! ''aims''
! ''aids''
|-
! English
! "you have"
! "(s)he has"
! "we has"
! "you have"
|}
== Examples ==
{| class="wikitable"
! Latin forms
! ''homō''
! ''fēmina''
! ''fīlius''
! ''aqua''
! ''focus''
! ''pluvia''
! ''terra''
! ''caelus''
! ''altus''
|-
! Loss of ''-h-''
| {{IPA|/omoː/}}
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! Early lenition
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈpluβiam/}}
| —
| —
| —
|-
! Coalescence
| —
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈfilʲːum/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈakːʷa/}}
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
! Vowel shift
| {{IPA|/ˈɔːmɔ/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈfeːmina/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈfiːlʲːu/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈaːkːʷa/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈfoːkus/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈpluːja/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈtɛːrːa/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈkeːlus/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈaːltus/}}
|-
! First palatalization
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈpʲuːja/}}
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈkʲeːlus/}}
| —
|-
! First lenition
| —
| —
| —
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈfoːɡuz/}}
| —
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈkʲeːluz/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈaːltuz/}}
|-
! Second palatalization
| —
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈfiʎːu/}}
| —
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈtʃuːja/}}
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈtʃeːluz/}}
| {{IPA|/ˈaːltuz/}}
|-
! Vowel breaking
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| {{IPA|/ˈtjɛrːa/}}
| —
| —
|}
|}

Latest revision as of 04:57, 27 January 2022

Vulgar Latin to Proto-Garonnian

  • Deletion of vowels in contact with the liquids (/l/ or /r/): speculum → /isˈpɛkʲu/ → /isˈpjɔdʒu/ → pisçog​̧ /pisˈtʃɔdʒ/ "mirror"
  • Early lenition: /b/ and /v/ merge to /β/ in intervocalic positions. Before liquids, however, the sounds change to /w/ instead (Latin parabolō → /paˈrawlu/ → Garonnian parol /paˈrɔl/ "I speak"). Note them will deleted before /j/.
  • Palatalization of /l/ following a consonant to /j/ (note cluster /kl/ → /kʲ/ → /tʃ/ → /dʒ/, an unusual development in standards of Romance languages, e.g. Latin oculus → Garonnian ueg​̧ "eye").
  • Palatalization of /k(ɛ,i,j)/, /ɡ(ɛ,i,j)/ to /tʃ/ and /j/, respectively. The following original /j/ sounds (resulted from /e(ː)/ and /i(ː)/ preceding vowels) are deleted.
    • Notice also additional palatalizations that only occur before /j/: /lʲ/ → /ʎ/, /nʲ/ → /ɲ/, /sʲ/ → /ʃ/, and /tʲ/ → /ts/. Others were still denoted by plain palatalization: /mʲ/, /pʲ/, and /rʲ/. Note that original /bʲ/ in early Proto-Garonnian times transformed into /j/: habeō → ai "I have".
  • Vowel shifts: ten vowels in Classical Latin are reduced to only five vowels in Proto-Garonnian:
Classical Latin a aː e eː i iː o oː u uː
Proto-Gallo-Sicilian a ɛ i ɔ u
    • Additionally, vowels /ɛ/ and /ɔ/ change to /e/ and /o/ when preceding syllables containing vowels /i/ and /u/, that would be phonemic sometime in the Garonnian language's history. The table below illustrates this change:
Latin forms /ˈhabeːs/ /ˈhabet/ /haˈbeːmus/ /haˈbeːtis/
Loss of -h- /ˈabeːs/ /ˈabet/ /aˈbeːmus/ /aˈbeːtis/
Early lenition /ˈaβeːs/ /ˈaβet/ /aˈβeːmus/ /aˈβeːtis/
Vowel shift /ˈaːβɛs/ /ˈaːβɛt/ /aˈβemus/ /aˈβetis/
First lenition /ˈaːβɛz/ /ˈaːβɛd/ /aˈβeːmuz/ /aˈβeːdiz/
Second lenition /ˈaːɛz/ /ˈaːɛð/ /aˈeːmuz/ /aˈeːðiz/
Vowel loss — — /aˈeːmz/ /aˈeːðz/
Diphtongization /ˈaiɛz/ /ˈaiɛð/ /aˈeimz/ /aˈeiðz/
Simplification /ˈaɛz/ /ˈaɛð/ /ˈaimz/ /ˈaiðz/
Monophthongization — — /ˈɛmz/ /ˈɛðz/
Compensatory lengthening — /ˈaɛ/ — /ˈɛːz/
Garonnian forms aes aed aims aids
English "you have" "(s)he has" "we has" "you have"

Examples

Latin forms homō fēmina fīlius aqua focus pluvia terra caelus altus
Loss of -h- /omoː/ — — — — — — — —
Early lenition — — — — — /ˈpluβiam/ — — —
Coalescence — — /ˈfilʲːum/ /ˈakːʷa/ — — — — —
Vowel shift /ˈɔːmɔ/ /ˈfeːmina/ /ˈfiːlʲːu/ /ˈaːkːʷa/ /ˈfoːkus/ /ˈpluːja/ /ˈtɛːrːa/ /ˈkeːlus/ /ˈaːltus/
First palatalization — — — — — /ˈpʲuːja/ — /ˈkʲeːlus/ —
First lenition — — — — /ˈfoːɡuz/ — — /ˈkʲeːluz/ /ˈaːltuz/
Second palatalization — — /ˈfiʎːu/ — — /ˈtʃuːja/ — /ˈtʃeːluz/ /ˈaːltuz/
Vowel breaking — — — — — — /ˈtjɛrːa/ — —
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