Garonnian/Phonology: Difference between revisions
(→Vowels) |
|||
| (8 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 74: | Line 74: | ||
| style="border-left:0" | {{IPA|/l/}} | | style="border-left:0" | {{IPA|/l/}} | ||
| style="border-right:0" | | | style="border-right:0" | | ||
| style="border-left:0" | | | style="border-left:0" | {{IPA|/ʎ/}} | ||
| style="border-right:0" | | | style="border-right:0" | | ||
| style="border-left:0" | | | style="border-left:0" | | ||
| Line 81: | Line 81: | ||
|} | |} | ||
Unlike many Gallo-Romance languages (French technically lacked this), Garonnian lacks final obstruent devoicing. Unusually among Romance languages, Garonnian exhibits initial consonant mutations and contain somewhat unusual phoneme {{IPA|/ŋ/}} which can occur in any positions. | Unlike many Gallo-Romance languages (French technically lacked this), Garonnian lacks final obstruent devoicing. Unusually among Romance languages, Garonnian exhibits initial consonant mutations and contain somewhat unusual phoneme {{IPA|/ŋ/}} which can occur in any positions. | ||
=== Orthography === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! rowspan="2" colspan="2" | Spelling | |||
! colspan="4" | Pronunciation value | |||
|- | |||
! Major | |||
! Examples | |||
! Minor | |||
! Examples | |||
|- | |||
| colspan="2" | ''b'' | |||
| {{IPA|/b/}} | |||
| '''''b'''ull'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan="2" | ''c'' | |||
| Before ''a'', ''o'', ''u'' | |||
| {{IPA|/k/}} | |||
| '''''c'''ur'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| Before ''e'', ''i'' | |||
| {{IPA|/tʃ/}} | |||
| '''''c'''iul'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
== Vowels == | == Vowels == | ||
| Line 120: | Line 150: | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
In unstressed positions, only the vowels {{IPA|/a, i, u/}} are allowed. Vowel length are phonemicized as a result of losses of certain consonants (these are, {{IPA|*/β, ð, ɣ/}}), but also as a result of simplification of certain vowel hiatuses ('' | In unstressed positions, only the vowels {{IPA|/a, i, u/}} are allowed. Vowel length are phonemicized as a result of losses of certain consonants (these are, {{IPA|*/β, ð, ɣ/}}), but also as a result of simplification of certain vowel hiatuses (''teer'' {{IPA|*/tɛ.ˈɛr/}} → {{IPA|/ˈtɛːr/}} "to hold", ''aad'' {{IPA|/ˈaːd/}} "(s)he had"). | ||
== Consonant structure == | == Consonant structure == | ||
The maximal consonant structure in Garonnian is C¹C²S¹VS²C¹C². | The maximal consonant structure in Garonnian is C¹C²S¹VS²C¹C². However, there are many synchronic metatheses called Nicholshill's law (named after the fictional female linguist named Annett Nicholshill)<ref>Also known as Annette Nicholshill. The pronunciation of her name was {{IPA|/aˈɲɛts nitʃɔˈziʎː/}}, with silent ''-l-''.</ref> that could occur at unpleasant consonant clusters. The rules include: | ||
* Liquids always precede other consonants when word-final. | |||
* Nasals always precede other consonants when word-final. | |||
Some examples: | |||
* ''**gëdr'' → ''gë'''r'''d'' "to sell" | |||
* ''**Alrigs'' → ''A'''r'''ligs'' "Alaric, a male given name" | |||
* ''**ponms'' → ''pom'''n'''s'' "we put" | |||
== Stress == | == Stress == | ||
Like French, Garonnian words are always stressed in the last syllable. However, words containing vowel hiatuses are stressed in the second-to-last (penultimate) syllable (''bua'' {{IPA|/ˈbu.a/}} "good (fem. sg.)"). As previously I, Willett said, only {{IPA|/a, i, u/}} are allowed in unstressed syllables. | Like French, Garonnian words are always stressed in the last syllable. However, words containing vowel hiatuses are stressed in the second-to-last (penultimate) syllable (''bua'' {{IPA|/ˈbu.a/}} "good (fem. sg.)"). As previously I, Willett said, only {{IPA|/a, i, u/}} are allowed in unstressed syllables. | ||
== Phonological changes == | |||
''See [[Garonnian/Sound changes]]'' | |||
Latest revision as of 13:47, 27 January 2022
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | ||||||
| Plosive | /p/ | /b/ | /t/ | /d/ | /k/ | /ɡ/ | ||||
| Affricate | /ts/ | /dz/ | /tʃ/ | /dʒ/ | ||||||
| Fricative | /f/ | /v/ | /s/ | /z/ | /ʃ/ | /ʒ/ | /h/ | |||
| Trill | /r/ | |||||||||
| Approximants | /l/ | /ʎ/ | ||||||||
Unlike many Gallo-Romance languages (French technically lacked this), Garonnian lacks final obstruent devoicing. Unusually among Romance languages, Garonnian exhibits initial consonant mutations and contain somewhat unusual phoneme /ŋ/ which can occur in any positions.
Orthography
| Spelling | Pronunciation value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Major | Examples | Minor | Examples | ||
| b | /b/ | bull | |||
| c | Before a, o, u | /k/ | cur | ||
| Before e, i | /tʃ/ | ciul | |||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Short | Long | Short | Long | Short | Long | |
| Close | /i/ | /iː/ | /u/ | /uː/ | ||
| Mid | /ɛ/ | /ɛː/ | /ɔ/ | /ɔː/ | ||
| Open | /a/ | /aː/ | ||||
In unstressed positions, only the vowels /a, i, u/ are allowed. Vowel length are phonemicized as a result of losses of certain consonants (these are, */β, ð, ɣ/), but also as a result of simplification of certain vowel hiatuses (teer */tɛ.ˈɛr/ → /ˈtɛːr/ "to hold", aad /ˈaːd/ "(s)he had").
Consonant structure
The maximal consonant structure in Garonnian is C¹C²S¹VS²C¹C². However, there are many synchronic metatheses called Nicholshill's law (named after the fictional female linguist named Annett Nicholshill)[1] that could occur at unpleasant consonant clusters. The rules include:
- Liquids always precede other consonants when word-final.
- Nasals always precede other consonants when word-final.
Some examples:
- **gëdr → gërd "to sell"
- **Alrigs → Arligs "Alaric, a male given name"
- **ponms → pomns "we put"
Stress
Like French, Garonnian words are always stressed in the last syllable. However, words containing vowel hiatuses are stressed in the second-to-last (penultimate) syllable (bua /ˈbu.a/ "good (fem. sg.)"). As previously I, Willett said, only /a, i, u/ are allowed in unstressed syllables.
Phonological changes
- ↑ Also known as Annette Nicholshill. The pronunciation of her name was /aˈɲɛts nitʃɔˈziʎː/, with silent -l-.
