Cernelian/1st conjugation: Difference between revisions

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[[Cernelian/Verbs|Verbs]] with the infinitive ending in ''-a''. Type 1A are used by words with even-numbered syllables, while 1B are used with odd-numbered syllables.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="4" | Infinitive
! 1
! colspan="4" | Verbal noun
! 2
! 3
! Meaning
! 3rd singular imperative
|-
|-
| ''ro''
| ''mo''
| ''sta''
| "to love"
| ''romostą''
|-
| ''ja''
| ''ka''
! N/A
| "to share"
| ''jakokią''
|-
| ''kier''
| ''sta''
! N/A
| "to strangle"
| ''kierstą''<br>expected ''*kierstokią'' replaced by analogy
|}
== Type 1A ==
{| class="wikitable"
!
!
| colspan="4" | ''-a''
! colspan="2" | Participles
| colspan="4" | ''-omo''
! colspan="2" | Other non-finite
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |
! Active
! colspan="3" | Singular
| ''-a''
! colspan="3" | Plural
| ''-ón''
! rowspan="3" | Impersonal
! Infinitive
| ''-a''
|-
|-
! First
! Passive
! Second
| ''-apo''
! Third
| ''-u''
! First
! Verbal noun
! Second
| ''-omo''
! Third
|-
|-
! ''mnię''
!
! ''śnię''
! Present
! ''ję''
! Past
! ''mię''
! Conditional
! ''się''
! Imperative
! ''je''
|-
|-
! Present<br>indicative
! 1st singular
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ę''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ę''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-<span style="color:green">ię</span>''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-oszę''
| ''-ę''
|-
! 2nd singular
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-o''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-o''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-<span style="color:green">i</span>''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ósz''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-o''
|-
! 3rd singular
| ''-ów''
| ''-ów''
| ''-<span style="color:green">i</span>''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ósz''
| ''-ą''
|-
! 1st plural
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-omo''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-omo''
| ''-<span style="color:green">i</span>mo''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ószmo''
| ''-atomo''
|-
! 2nd plural
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-oto''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-oto''
| ''-<span style="color:green">ie</span>''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-osze''
| ''-ato''
|-
! 3rd plural
| ''-a''
| ''-a''
| ''-<span style="color:green">i</span>''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ósz''
| ''-ą''
|-
! Impersonal
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-oszę''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-oszę''
| ''-ocą''
| ''-aszą''
| ''-akią''
|}
== Type 1B ==
{| class="wikitable"
!
! colspan="2" | Participles
! colspan="2" | Other non-finite
|-
! Active
| ''-oto''
| ''-ón''
! Infinitive
| ''-a''
|-
|-
! Past<br>indicative
! Passive
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ię''
| ''-otopo''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-i''
| ''-ót''
| ''-i''
! Verbal noun
| ''-imo''
| ''-omo''
| ''-ie''
| ''-i''
| ''-ocę''
|-
|-
!
! Present
! Past
! Conditional
! Conditional
! Imperative
|-
! 1st singular
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ę''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-<span style="color:green">ię</span>''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-oszę''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-oszę''
| ''-ę''
|-
! 2nd singular
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-o''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-<span style="color:green">i</span>''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ósz''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ósz''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-o''
|-
! 3rd singular
| ''-óp''
| ''-<span style="color:green">i</span>''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ósz''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ósz''
| ''-okią''
|-
! 1st plural
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-omo''
| ''-<span style="color:green">i</span>mo''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ószmo''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ószmo''
| ''-okamo''
|-
! 2nd plural
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-oto''
| ''-<span style="color:green">ie</span>''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-osze''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-osze''
| ''-oka''
|-
! 3rd plural
| ''-a''
| ''-<span style="color:green">i</span>''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ósz''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-ósz''
| ''-okią''
|-
! Impersonal
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-oszę''
| ''-ocą''
| ''-aszą''
| ''-aszą''
|-
| ''-ota''
|-
! Conditional
| ''-ę''
| style="background:#ddd" | ''-o''
| ''-aję''
| ''-atomo''
| ''-ato''
| ''-aję''
| ''-akoję''
|}
|}
== Examples ==
* ''romosta'' "to love": 1st singular present ''romostę'', 1st singular past ''romościę'', 3rd singular past ''romości''
* ''jaka'' "to share": 1st singular present ''ję'', 1st singular past ''jeżę'', 3rd singular past ''jeczy''

Latest revision as of 20:49, 26 October 2021

Verbs with the infinitive ending in -a. Type 1A are used by words with even-numbered syllables, while 1B are used with odd-numbered syllables.

1 2 3 Meaning 3rd singular imperative
ro mo sta "to love" romostą
ja ka N/A "to share" jakokią
kier sta N/A "to strangle" kierstą
expected *kierstokią replaced by analogy

Type 1A

Participles Other non-finite
Active -a -ón Infinitive -a
Passive -apo -u Verbal noun -omo
Present Past Conditional Imperative
1st singular -ę -ię -oszę -ę
2nd singular -o -i -ósz -o
3rd singular -ów -i -ósz -ą
1st plural -omo -imo -ószmo -atomo
2nd plural -oto -ie -osze -ato
3rd plural -a -i -ósz -ą
Impersonal -oszę -ocą -aszą -akią

Type 1B

Participles Other non-finite
Active -oto -ón Infinitive -a
Passive -otopo -ót Verbal noun -omo
Present Past Conditional Imperative
1st singular -ę -ię -oszę -ę
2nd singular -o -i -ósz -o
3rd singular -óp -i -ósz -okią
1st plural -omo -imo -ószmo -okamo
2nd plural -oto -ie -osze -oka
3rd plural -a -i -ósz -okią
Impersonal -oszę -ocą -aszą -ota

Examples

  • romosta "to love": 1st singular present romostę, 1st singular past romościę, 3rd singular past romości
  • jaka "to share": 1st singular present ję, 1st singular past jeżę, 3rd singular past jeczy
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