Palatalized Hook: Difference between revisions
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| Combining Palatalized Hook Below || Latin Small Letter B With Palatal Hook || Latin Capital Letter C With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter C With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter D With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter F With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter G With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter H With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter K With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter L With Palatal Hook || Modifier Letter L With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter M With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter N With Palatal Hook | | Combining Palatalized Hook Below || Latin Small Letter B With Palatal Hook || Latin Capital Letter C With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter C With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter D With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter F With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter G With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter H With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter K With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter L With Palatal Hook || Modifier Letter L With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter M With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter N With Palatal Hook | ||
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| || || || || || || || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter H With Cedilla, ḩ (U+1E29); Latin Small Letter H With Descender, ⱨ (U+2C68); or Latin Small Letter Heng, ꜧ (U+A727). || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter K With Descender, ⱪ (U+2C6A). || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter L With Retroflex Hook, ɭ (U+026D). || '''Note:''' May be confused with Modifier Letter Small L With Retroflex Hook, ᶩ (U+1DA9). || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter M With Hook, ɱ (U+0271). || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter Eng, ŋ (U+014B); Latin Small Letter N With Left Hook, ɲ (U+0272); Latin Small Letter N With Retroflex Hook, ɳ (U+0273); or Latin Small Letter N With Descender, ꞑ (U+A791). | | '''Note:''' May be confused with Cedilla, ¸ (U+00B8); Combining Cedilla, ◌̧ (U+0327); Ogonek, ˛ (U+02DB); Combining Ogonek, ◌̨ (U+0328); Combining Left Half Ring Below, ◌̜ (U+031C); Combining Half Right Ring Below, ◌̹ (U+0339); or Combining Retroflex Hook Below, ◌̢ (U+0322). || || || || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter D With Tail, ɖ (U+0256). || || || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter H With Cedilla, ḩ (U+1E29); Latin Small Letter H With Descender, ⱨ (U+2C68); or Latin Small Letter Heng, ꜧ (U+A727). || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter K With Descender, ⱪ (U+2C6A). || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter L With Retroflex Hook, ɭ (U+026D). || '''Note:''' May be confused with Modifier Letter Small L With Retroflex Hook, ᶩ (U+1DA9). || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter M With Hook, ɱ (U+0271). || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter Eng, ŋ (U+014B); Latin Small Letter N With Left Hook, ɲ (U+0272); Latin Small Letter N With Retroflex Hook, ɳ (U+0273); or Latin Small Letter N With Descender, ꞑ (U+A791). | ||
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| style="font-size:180%" | ᶈ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶉ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶊ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶋ || style="font-size:180%" | ƫ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶵ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶌ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶍ || style="font-size:180%" | Ᶎ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶎ | | style="font-size:180%" | ᶈ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶉ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶊ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶋ || style="font-size:180%" | ƫ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶵ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶌ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶍ || style="font-size:180%" | Ᶎ || style="font-size:180%" | ᶎ | ||
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| Latin Small Letter P With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter R With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter S With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter Esh With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter T With Palatal Hook || Modifier Letter T With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter V With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter X With Palatal Hook || Latin Capital Letter Z With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter Z With Palatal Hook | | Latin Small Letter P With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter R With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter S With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter Esh With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter T With Palatal Hook || Modifier Letter T With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter V With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter X With Palatal Hook || Latin Capital Letter Z With Palatal Hook || Latin Small Letter Z With Palatal Hook | ||
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| || || || || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter T With Cedilla, ţ (U+0163). || || || || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Capital Letter Z With Hook, Ȥ (U+0224); or Latin Capital Letter Z With Descender, Ⱬ (U+2C6B). || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter Z With Hook, ȥ (U+0225); Latin Small Letter Z With Retroflex Hook, ʐ (U+0290); or Latin Small Letter Z With Descender, ⱬ (U+2C6C). | | || || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter S With Cedilla, ş (U+015F). || || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter T With Cedilla, ţ (U+0163). || || || || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Capital Letter Z With Hook, Ȥ (U+0224); or Latin Capital Letter Z With Descender, Ⱬ (U+2C6B). || '''Note:''' May be confused with Latin Small Letter Z With Hook, ȥ (U+0225); Latin Small Letter Z With Retroflex Hook, ʐ (U+0290); or Latin Small Letter Z With Descender, ⱬ (U+2C6C). | ||
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| [[Wikipedia:Palatalization|Palatalized]] consonant | | [[Wikipedia:Palatalization|Palatalized]] consonant | ||
| [[IPA]] (1928-1989)<ref name=palatal_hook_in_ipa>[[Wikipedia:History_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet|History of the International Phonetic Alphabet]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | | [[IPA]] (1928-1989)<ref name=palatal_hook_in_ipa>[[Wikipedia:History_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet|History of the International Phonetic Alphabet]] at Wikipedia.</ref> | ||
| These letters are now obsolete in IPA, with ◌ʲ used instead. | | These letters are now obsolete in IPA, with ◌ʲ now being used instead. When the palatalized hook was in use, it was recommended to use the characters ʆ (U+0286) and ʓ (U+0293) instead of ᶋ and ʒ̡<ref name=palatal_hook/> (ʒ̡ is not a precomposed character). | ||
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== See Also == | |||
*[[Natlang_Uses_of_Diacritics_in_the_Latin_Alphabet|Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet]] | |||
*[[Cedilla]] | |||
*[[Retroflex_Hook|Retroflex Hook]] | |||
== References == | == References == | ||
Latest revision as of 05:41, 15 April 2021
The palatalized (or palatal) hook was used in IPA until 1989 to represent palatalized consonants.[1] Note that the palatal hook may be confused with other hooks used below characters, e.g. the retroflex hook.
Palatal Hook in Unicode
| ◌̡ | ᶀ | Ꞔ | ꞔ | ᶁ | ᶂ | ᶃ | ꞕ | ᶄ | ᶅ | ᶪ | ᶆ | ᶇ |
| U+0321 | U+1D80 | U+A7C4 | U+A794 | U+1D81 | U+1D82 | U+1D83 | U+A795 | U+1D84 | U+1D85 | U+1DAA | U+1D86 | U+1D87 |
| Combining Palatalized Hook Below | Latin Small Letter B With Palatal Hook | Latin Capital Letter C With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter C With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter D With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter F With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter G With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter H With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter K With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter L With Palatal Hook | Modifier Letter L With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter M With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter N With Palatal Hook |
| Note: May be confused with Cedilla, ¸ (U+00B8); Combining Cedilla, ◌̧ (U+0327); Ogonek, ˛ (U+02DB); Combining Ogonek, ◌̨ (U+0328); Combining Left Half Ring Below, ◌̜ (U+031C); Combining Half Right Ring Below, ◌̹ (U+0339); or Combining Retroflex Hook Below, ◌̢ (U+0322). | Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter D With Tail, ɖ (U+0256). | Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter H With Cedilla, ḩ (U+1E29); Latin Small Letter H With Descender, ⱨ (U+2C68); or Latin Small Letter Heng, ꜧ (U+A727). | Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter K With Descender, ⱪ (U+2C6A). | Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter L With Retroflex Hook, ɭ (U+026D). | Note: May be confused with Modifier Letter Small L With Retroflex Hook, ᶩ (U+1DA9). | Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter M With Hook, ɱ (U+0271). | Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter Eng, ŋ (U+014B); Latin Small Letter N With Left Hook, ɲ (U+0272); Latin Small Letter N With Retroflex Hook, ɳ (U+0273); or Latin Small Letter N With Descender, ꞑ (U+A791). | |||||
| ᶈ | ᶉ | ᶊ | ᶋ | ƫ | ᶵ | ᶌ | ᶍ | Ᶎ | ᶎ | |||
| U+1D88 | U+1D89 | U+1D8A | U+1D8B | U+01AB | U+1DB5 | U+1D8C | U+1D8D | U+A7C6 | U+1D8E | |||
| Latin Small Letter P With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter R With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter S With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter Esh With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter T With Palatal Hook | Modifier Letter T With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter V With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter X With Palatal Hook | Latin Capital Letter Z With Palatal Hook | Latin Small Letter Z With Palatal Hook | |||
| Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter S With Cedilla, ş (U+015F). | Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter T With Cedilla, ţ (U+0163). | Note: May be confused with Latin Capital Letter Z With Hook, Ȥ (U+0224); or Latin Capital Letter Z With Descender, Ⱬ (U+2C6B). | Note: May be confused with Latin Small Letter Z With Hook, ȥ (U+0225); Latin Small Letter Z With Retroflex Hook, ʐ (U+0290); or Latin Small Letter Z With Descender, ⱬ (U+2C6C). |
Palatal Hook in Phonetic Transcription
| Use | Transcription system | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Palatalized consonant | IPA (1928-1989)[2] | These letters are now obsolete in IPA, with ◌ʲ now being used instead. When the palatalized hook was in use, it was recommended to use the characters ʆ (U+0286) and ʓ (U+0293) instead of ᶋ and ʒ̡[1] (ʒ̡ is not a precomposed character). |
See Also
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Palatal hook at Wikipedia.
- ↑ History of the International Phonetic Alphabet at Wikipedia.
