Yenware Preposition List

Table of Phonemes

POA	labial				dental				alveolar			palatal			glottal			nasal					vowels
IPA	/φ/	/β/	/w/		/l/	/t/			/ɾ/	/s/		/k/	/j/		/h/			/m/	/n/	/ŋ/			/ä/	/e/	/o/	/u/	/i/
Hangul	ㅍ	ㅂ	1		ㄹ	ㄷ			ㅈ	ㅅ		ㄱ	2		ㅎ			ㅁ	ㄴ	ㄲ/ㅇ			아	에	오	우	이
Latin	f	v	w		l	t			r	s		k	y		h			m	n	ń			a	e	o	u	i

Notes

• ¹ The compound vowels are used for <w>, e.g., ㅘ, wa.
• ² The iotized vowels are used for <y>, e.g., 요, yo.

Simple prepositions

• 1. a 아 denotes:

• a. the indirect object of the verb: to, for.

Ne feli yafa ń a veli ne.

I will give the banana to my daughter.

• b. a relationship to an adjective: to, for.

Ńiha ń leli a ńawu ań.

The field is ready for planting.

• 2. ae 아에 denotes up to a limit: until, to, till, up to.

Ne yi yaka eo vi yi ae unsa savi ań.

We will stay with you until tomorrow.

• 3. ai 아이 denotes removal from a certain place or time either literally or figuratively or separation from support, attachment or position: from, off (of), of, away from.

Yanla ń he huwu ai wińa sa.

The child ran away from her mother.

• 4. ao 아오 denotes stationary position or location in time or space: at, in, on, to.

Tena ń ao fańwa ń.

The boat is on the beach.

• 5. au 아우 denotes motion towards literally or figuratively: to, toward, at, into, -ward.

Vilo yi wala au yula ń.

The birds are flying seaward.

• 6. ei 에이 denotes:

• a. agency: by.

Sa me he tańi ei nosa yuń.

He was bitten by a snake.

• b. instrumentality: with, by means of.

Vi yeri towa sam kuru ei wotowa yuń.

You can cut that breadfruit with a knife.

• 7. eo 에오 denotes accompaniment in time or space: with, along with.

Yanla yi he ala eo sole yi sa yi.

The children came with their parents.

• 8. eu 에우 denotes having a lack of something: without.

Vi weva tola humu eu yuwa ne.

You will have to do this without my help.

• 9. i 이 denotes possession: of.

Yavi ań i waka ń ao wula ń.

The man's house is on the mountain.

• 10. ia 이아 denotes to or at a higher level than something else literally or figuratively: above, over, up.

Vilo ań he wala ia fulu ań.

The bird flew over the forest.

• 11. ie 이에 denotes at or to a lower level than something else literally or figuratively: below, behind, beneath, under(neath), down.

Ne yi he nava fańvi yi ie nasa ń.

We found the dishes under the table.

• 12. io 이오 denotes position on top of literally or figuratively: on, atop, over, to, upon.

Nuvo ań he yeta wuya yi io nasa ń.

The woman placed the flowers on the table.

• 13. iu 이우denotes with respect or regard to: concerning, in/with regard to, with respect to, regarding, as regards, about, with, on, for, in.

Ne vańa iu rala vi.

I know about your illness.

• 14. oa오아 denotes similarity or likeness: like, similar to.

Rina yi vi somi oa yamni yuń.

Your hands smell like roses.

• 15. oe 오에 denotes:

• a. movement from outside of a thing to inside it: into

Nańto ań he tina oe rune ań.

The meat fell into the fire.

• b. position within the interior of something: inside, in, within.

O ala nańto ań oe rune ań.

And now the meat is in the fire.

• 16. oi 오이 denotes

• a. movement or direction from the inside to the outside: (out) of, from (within).

Nuvo yi he huwu oi yavi ań.

The women ran out of the house.

• b. position on or toward the exterior of: outside.

Rafe ań oi yavi ań.

The oven is outside the house.

• 17. ou 오우 denotes:

• a. from one side of a place or time to another: through, during;

Sa he mase au yavi sa ou suya ń.

He hurried home through the rain.

• b. duration or extension through space literally or figuratively: (all) over, through(out);

Yanla yi he huwu ou fańwa ń.

The children ran all over the beach.

• c. in the course of: during, for, in, in the process-, -course-, -of, on, through, throughout, under.

Falo ań he uta ou silu savi.

The storm lasted three days.

• 18. ua 우아 denotes posterior to in time or space: after, around, behind, beyond, by, on the other side of, outside, past, following.

Ne he vonńa ua ya ń.

After eating I fell asleep.

Fowe ań he soki ua rune ań.

The people returned after the fire.

• 19. ue 우에 denotes anterior to in time or space: before, in front of, ahead of, against, in advance of.

Fara ń fe tuya ue yavi ań.

The baby is playing in front of the house.

• 20. ui 우이 denotes situation or partition between two or more entities: among, (in) between, through, with.

Tańwa ń he ńiru ui wana o wińa sa.

The boy stood between his father and mother.

• 21. uo 우오 denotes in opposition to, in contact with: against, contrary to, into, on, opposed to, opposite, up, with.

Huwu fa uo sawa ń.

Don't run into the tree!

Compound prepositions

• Certain words may be used with the particle ve to form compound prepositions

• 1. fite ve 피데 베 denotes in exchange for, literally or figuratively: for, (in-, -exchange-, -return-) -for.

Ne feli yaro rufi ea vi fite ve sam rano.

I will give you eight coconuts for that raft.

• 2. fota ve 포다 베 denotes encirclement in or to various directions or locations: around.

Kena ne yi ińwu fota ve yena ń.

Let's swim around the island.

• 3. funa ve 푸나 베 denotes responsibility: in charge of, with.

Sa funa ve tena yi.

He is in charge of the boats.

• 4. ińa ve 이까 베 denotes exception: apart from, beside, besides, but for, except, save, not to-, -speak of, -mention, other than, outside.

Feń lofa i ne ińa ve hum wama.

I have no clothes other than this loincloth.

• 5. nehe ve 네헤 베 denotes done on behalf of, for the benefit, sake, or interest of someone: for.

Kena ne yi fońya hole tane yuń nehe ve inlu ań.

Let's cook supper for the family.

• 6. nura ve 누자 베 denotes from a past time: since.

Sa rala nura ve mona savi ań.

She's been sick since yesterday

• 7. nuwi ve 누위 베 denotes purpose: for, in order to.

Ne he rahe hum tofi nuwi ve taluta ń.

I made this spear for the hunt.

• 8. ńafi ve 까피 베 denotes proximity: near, about, beside, by, next to, on, close to, against.

Wiye ne yi ńafi ve wula ń.

Our village is near the mountain.

• 9. sena ve 세나 베 denotes to or on the side of a person or thing toward the north when facing the rising sun: left, on-, to-, -the left.

Neye ań he ńiru sena ve wana sa.

The girl stood to the left of her father.

• 10. sewu ve 세ᆃ 베 denotes causality: because of, at, by, for, in, of, on account of, by reason of, in consequence of, as a result of, out of, owing-, due-, -to, from, through, under, with.

Sewu ve suya ń, ne yi he yaka ao yavi ań.

Because of the rain, we stayed home.

Tańwa ń he tina sewu ve hetata ń huse ań.

The boy fell down under the weight of the burden.

• 11. tańsi ve 닦시 베 denotes the position of the body with the front toward the object: facing.

Fowe ań he ńiru tańsi ve savi ań:

The people stood facing the sun.

• 12. usa ve 우사 베 denotes with respect or regard to: concerning, in/with regard to, with respect to, regarding, as regards, about, with, on, for, in.

Ne vańa usa ve rala vi.

I know about your illness.

• 13. uvuń ve 우붂 베 denotes in a parallel direction: along, alongside of.

Vina neye ań he fura uvuń ve nayu ań.

The little girl walked along the river.

• 14. wańa ve 와까 베 denotes in place of, replacement or preference: instead of, for, in lieu of, rather than.

Wińa sa he feli rińo yuń ea sa wańa ve simne yuń.

His mother gave him an apple instead of a pear.

• 15. wema ve 웨마 베 denotes the middle: middle of.

Yena yi wema ve yula ń.

The islands are in the middle of the ocean.

• 16. wila ve 위라 베 denotes the manner, method, way by which something is done: with, through, in.

Waka ń he vańra seki yi wila ve laya tosa.

The man harvested the papayas with a great effort.

• 17. yatu ve 야두 베 denotes to or on the side of a person or thing toward the south when facing the rising sun: right, on, to-, -the right of.

Vi witi rafe ań yatu ve yavi ań.

You'll see the oven to the right of the house.

• 18. yiwi ve 의위 베 denotes motion from one side to the other: across, over.

tańwa ń he ińwu yiwi ve yana ń.

The boy swam across the lake.