Amal/verbs: Difference between revisions
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The infinitive is a verbal noun. "to walk, walking" It has no inflection to indicate mood or tense. '''Amal''' has to suffixes to indicate the infinitive, '''-ek''', and '''-ra'''. | The infinitive is a verbal noun. "to walk, walking" It has no inflection to indicate mood or tense. '''Amal''' has to suffixes to indicate the infinitive, '''-ek''', and '''-ra'''. | ||
All roots can take the '''-ek''' infinitive, but only '''b, d, g, k, m, p, s, sh,''' and '''t''' can take the '''-ra''' ending. The endings do not typically indicate any notable distinction, but there are instances it can: | |||
* '''ishra''' (''ʔiʃ'') - v - be inside, interior | |||
:: '''isha''' (''ʔiʃ'') - n - inside, interior | |||
* '''ishek''' (''ʔiʃ'') - v - drink; imbibe; quaff | |||
:: '''eqish''' (''ʔiʃ'') - n - drink | |||
= ayek = | = ayek = | ||
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* '''ayek''' - to have [more abstract than '''yeshra'''] | * '''ayek''' - to have [more abstract than '''yeshra'''] | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 1000px;" | ||
! | ! | ||
! ''past'' | ! ''past''<br>-esh | ||
! ''present'' | ! ''present'' | ||
! ''negative'' | ! ''obligative''<br>-id | ||
! ''interrogative'' | ! ''negative''<br>-la | ||
! ''tentative'' | ! ''interrogative''<br>-em | ||
! ''tentative''<br>-ur | |||
|-align=center | |-align=center | ||
! 1s | ! 1s<br>-an | ||
| '''ayeshan'''<br>I had | | '''ayeshan'''<br>I had | ||
| '''ayan'''<br>I have | | '''ayan'''<br>I have | ||
| '''ayidan'''<br>I am obliged to have | |||
| '''ayanla'''<br>I do not have | | '''ayanla'''<br>I do not have | ||
| '''ayeman'''<br>Do I have? | | '''ayeman'''<br>Do I have? | ||
| '''ayuran'''<br>I may have | | '''ayuran'''<br>I may have | ||
|-align=center | |-align=center | ||
! 2s | ! 2s<br>-ti / -e | ||
| '''ayeshti'''<br>you had | | '''ayeshti'''<br>you had | ||
| '''aye'''<br>you have | | '''aye'''<br>you have | ||
| '''ayide'''<br>you are obliged to have | |||
| '''ne aye'''<br>you do not have | | '''ne aye'''<br>you do not have | ||
| '''ayemti'''<br>Do you have? | | '''ayemti'''<br>Do you have? | ||
| '''ayure'''<br>you may have | | '''ayure'''<br>you may have | ||
|-align=center | |-align=center | ||
! 3s | ! 3s<br>-u / -a / -il | ||
| '''ayeshu'''<br>she/he/it had | | '''ayeshu'''<br>she/he/it had | ||
| '''ayu'''<br>she/he/it has | | '''ayu'''<br>she/he/it has | ||
| '''ayidu'''<br>she/he/it is obliged to have | |||
| '''ne ayu'''<br>she/he/it does not have | | '''ne ayu'''<br>she/he/it does not have | ||
| '''ayemu'''<br>Does she/he/it have? | | '''ayemu'''<br>Does she/he/it have? | ||
| '''ayuru'''<br>she/he/it may have | | '''ayuru'''<br>she/he/it may have | ||
|-align=center | |-align=center | ||
! 1p | ! 1p<br>-uk | ||
| '''ayeshuk'''<br>we had | | '''ayeshuk'''<br>we had | ||
| '''ayuk'''<br>we have | | '''ayuk'''<br>we have | ||
| '''ayiduk'''<br>we are obliged to have | |||
| '''ayukla'''<br>we do not have | | '''ayukla'''<br>we do not have | ||
| '''ayemuk'''<br>Do we have? | | '''ayemuk'''<br>Do we have? | ||
| '''ayuruk'''<br>we may have | | '''ayuruk'''<br>we may have | ||
|-align=center | |-align=center | ||
! 2p | ! 2p<br>-ut / -i | ||
| '''ayeshut'''<br>you [all] had | | '''ayeshut'''<br>you [all] had | ||
| '''ayut'''<br>you [all] have | | '''ayut'''<br>you [all] have | ||
| '''ayidi'''<br>you [all] are obliged to have | |||
| '''ayutla'''<br>you [all] do not have | | '''ayutla'''<br>you [all] do not have | ||
| '''ayemut'''<br>Do you [all] have? | | '''ayemut'''<br>Do you [all] have? | ||
| '''ayurut'''<br>you [all] may have | | '''ayurut'''<br>you [all] may have | ||
|-align=center | |-align=center | ||
! 3p | ! 3p<br>-um | ||
| '''ayeshum'''<br>they had | | '''ayeshum'''<br>they had | ||
| '''ayum'''<br>they have | | '''ayum'''<br>they have | ||
| '''ayidum'''<br>they are obliged to have | |||
| '''ayumla'''<br>they do not have | | '''ayumla'''<br>they do not have | ||
| '''ayemum'''<br>Do they have? | | '''ayemum'''<br>Do they have? | ||
| '''ayurum'''<br>they may have | | '''ayurum'''<br>they may have | ||
|} | |} | ||
= dara = | |||
= hara = | = hara = | ||
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|} | |} | ||
= niyek = | = niyek = | ||
Latest revision as of 16:47, 2 November 2020
The infinitive
The infinitive is a verbal noun. "to walk, walking" It has no inflection to indicate mood or tense. Amal has to suffixes to indicate the infinitive, -ek, and -ra.
All roots can take the -ek infinitive, but only b, d, g, k, m, p, s, sh, and t can take the -ra ending. The endings do not typically indicate any notable distinction, but there are instances it can:
- ishra (ʔiʃ) - v - be inside, interior
- isha (ʔiʃ) - n - inside, interior
- ishek (ʔiʃ) - v - drink; imbibe; quaff
- eqish (ʔiʃ) - n - drink
ayek
- ayek - to have [more abstract than yeshra]
| past -esh |
present | obligative -id |
negative -la |
interrogative -em |
tentative -ur | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1s -an |
ayeshan I had |
ayan I have |
ayidan I am obliged to have |
ayanla I do not have |
ayeman Do I have? |
ayuran I may have |
| 2s -ti / -e |
ayeshti you had |
aye you have |
ayide you are obliged to have |
ne aye you do not have |
ayemti Do you have? |
ayure you may have |
| 3s -u / -a / -il |
ayeshu she/he/it had |
ayu she/he/it has |
ayidu she/he/it is obliged to have |
ne ayu she/he/it does not have |
ayemu Does she/he/it have? |
ayuru she/he/it may have |
| 1p -uk |
ayeshuk we had |
ayuk we have |
ayiduk we are obliged to have |
ayukla we do not have |
ayemuk Do we have? |
ayuruk we may have |
| 2p -ut / -i |
ayeshut you [all] had |
ayut you [all] have |
ayidi you [all] are obliged to have |
ayutla you [all] do not have |
ayemut Do you [all] have? |
ayurut you [all] may have |
| 3p -um |
ayeshum they had |
ayum they have |
ayidum they are obliged to have |
ayumla they do not have |
ayemum Do they have? |
ayurum they may have |
dara
hara
- hara - to be; exist (essentially or identified as) [permanent]
| past | present | tentative | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1s | heshan I was |
han I am |
huran I may (be) |
| 2s | heshti you were |
hati you are |
hure you may be |
| 3s | ilhesh she/he/it was |
ilha she/he/it is |
ilhura she/he/it may be |
| 1p | heshuk we were |
haquk we are |
huruk we may be |
| 2p | heshut you [all] were |
haqut you [all] are |
hurut you [all] may be |
| 3p | heshum they were |
haqum they are |
hurum they may be |
niyek
- niyek - say; tell; speak; express
- niyan - speak-1s - I speak
- niyeshti - speak-PST-2s - You spoke
- niyuranu - speak-TENT-1s-3s - I may speak to him
- niyeshemilu? - speak-PST-Q-3s-3s - Did he speak to someone else?
- niyeshbe - speak-PP-2s - You were spoken to
- niye! - speak-2s - Speak [to me]!
- niyedek - speak-CAUS-INF - made to speak
- niyesheyu - speak-PST-2s-3s - You were speaking to him
- niyegukla - speak-REFL-3pl-NEG - they are not speaking to each other
- niyalabu - speak-REP-DUR-3s - he keeps on speaking
xxx
- xxx - xxx
| past | present | tentative | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1s | xeshan | xan | xuran |
| 2s | xeshti | xti | xure |
| 3s | xesha | xa | xura |
| 1p | xeshuk | xuk | xuruk |
| 2p | xeshut | xut | xurut |
| 3p | xeshum | xum | xurum |
