Appendix D: Shemspreg-English Lexicon: Difference between revisions
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The entries have the following | The entries have the following structure: | ||
; | ; Shemspreg | ||
: | : English gloss | ||
: | : Part of speech | ||
: GI | : Etymological form | ||
: Source (numbers refer to Pokorny 1959; GI is Gamqrelidze and Ivanov's ''Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans'', and IW marks an international word) | |||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
Line 22: | Line 13: | ||
</center> | </center> | ||
==A== | |||
; aamer | |||
: day | |||
: noun | |||
: a:mer- | |||
: 35 | |||
; aano | |||
: ring, anus | |||
: noun | |||
: a:no- | |||
: 47 | |||
; aazh- | |||
: desire, need | |||
: verb | |||
: a:(i)jʰ- | |||
: 14 | |||
; ab | |||
: river, current, stream | |||
: noun | |||
: ab- | |||
: 1 | |||
; abalo-no | |||
: tree; apple tree | |||
: noun | |||
: abalo-no- | |||
: GI | |||
; abel | |||
: tree; apple | |||
: noun | |||
: abel- (2ebo:l) | |||
: 1 | |||
; ach | |||
: sharp | |||
: adjective | |||
: ac- | |||
: 18 | |||
; achmo | |||
: stone | |||
: noun | |||
: acmo- (2acmo:) | |||
: 19 | |||
; ad | |||
: at; to, by | |||
: preposition | |||
: ad- | |||
: 3 | |||
; ad | |||
: grain | |||
: noun | |||
: had- | |||
: GI | |||
; ades | |||
: grain; spelt | |||
: noun | |||
: ades- | |||
: 3 | |||
; adro | |||
: canal, river | |||
: noun | |||
: ad-ro- | |||
: 4 | |||
; aghuno | |||
: lamb | |||
: noun | |||
: agʰʷ-no-s | |||
: 9 | |||
; aich | |||
: spear | |||
: noun | |||
: aic- | |||
: 15 | |||
; aidh- | |||
: burn, shine | |||
: verb | |||
: ai-dʰ- | |||
: 11 | |||
; aig | |||
: tree; oak | |||
: noun | |||
: aig- | |||
: 13 | |||
; aig- | |||
: swing | |||
: verb | |||
: aig- | |||
: 13 | |||
; aig- swe | |||
: swing (refl) | |||
: verb | |||
: aig- | |||
: 13 | |||
; aighw- | |||
: be ashamed | |||
: verb | |||
: aigʰʷ- | |||
: 14 | |||
; aij | |||
: goat | |||
: noun | |||
: aij- (2eij-) | |||
: 13 | |||
; ais- | |||
: wish | |||
: verb | |||
: ais- | |||
: 16 | |||
; aisk | |||
: clear, bright, shining | |||
: adjective | |||
: aisk- | |||
: 16 | |||
; aj- | |||
: drive (livestock) | |||
: verb | |||
: aj- (2ej-) | |||
: 4 | |||
; aj- | |||
: lead | |||
: verb | |||
: aj- (2ej-) | |||
: 4 | |||
; ajro | |||
: pasture; unworked field for grazing | |||
: noun | |||
: aj-ro-s (2ejros) | |||
: 6 | |||
; aks | |||
: axle | |||
: noun | |||
: 2ecs | |||
: 6 | |||
; akwa | |||
: river | |||
: noun | |||
: akʷa:- | |||
: 23 | |||
; akwa | |||
: water | |||
: noun | |||
: akʷa:- | |||
: 23 | |||
; al | |||
: white, glinting | |||
: adjective | |||
: al- | |||
: 29 | |||
; alghu/w- | |||
: value | |||
: noun | |||
: algʰʷ- | |||
: 32 | |||
; alghw- | |||
: earn | |||
: verb | |||
: algʰʷ- | |||
: 32 | |||
; alisa | |||
: tree; alder | |||
: noun | |||
: alisa: | |||
: 302 | |||
; alnos | |||
: all | |||
: quantifier | |||
: al-no-s | |||
: 24 | |||
; alu | |||
: bitter | |||
: adjective | |||
: alu- | |||
: 33 | |||
; alvi | |||
: grain; barley | |||
: noun | |||
: albʰi- | |||
: 29 | |||
; alvo | |||
: white, light colored | |||
: adjective | |||
: albʰo- | |||
: 30 | |||
; alyo | |||
: other | |||
: adjective | |||
: alyos- | |||
: 25 | |||
; am | |||
: time of ripening; harvest time | |||
: noun | |||
: ham- | |||
: GI | |||
; am- | |||
: harvest | |||
: verb | |||
: ham- | |||
: GI | |||
; ambi | |||
: around | |||
: preposition | |||
: ambʰi | |||
: 34 | |||
; an | |||
: grandmother | |||
: noun | |||
: han- | |||
: GI | |||
; an | |||
: on | |||
: preposition | |||
: an | |||
: 39 | |||
; an- | |||
: breathe, inhale | |||
: verb | |||
: an(h)- | |||
: 38 | |||
; anat | |||
: bird; duck | |||
: noun | |||
: anht- (an2t-s) | |||
: 41 | |||
; anata | |||
: doorpost | |||
: noun | |||
: anhta: (2(e)n2t) | |||
: 42 | |||
; aner | |||
: man | |||
: noun | |||
: aner- (2ne:r) | |||
: 765 | |||
; aner | |||
: masculine life force, male strength; maturity | |||
: noun | |||
: Hner-(t)- | |||
: GI | |||
; ang | |||
: joint | |||
: noun | |||
: ang- | |||
: 46 | |||
; angwi | |||
: snake, viper | |||
: noun | |||
: ang(ʰ)ʷi- | |||
: 43 | |||
; ani | |||
: breath | |||
: noun | |||
: anh- | |||
: GI | |||
; animo | |||
: breath | |||
: noun | |||
: anh- (2an1mo-s) | |||
: 38 | |||
; anj | |||
: narrow | |||
: adjective | |||
: anjʰ- | |||
: 42 | |||
; anj- | |||
: strangle | |||
: verb | |||
: anjʰ- (2anjʰ-) | |||
: 42 | |||
; anjen | |||
: soul, breath | |||
: noun | |||
: anjʰen- | |||
: 43 | |||
; anju | |||
: narrow | |||
: adjective | |||
: hanjʰ-u- | |||
: GI | |||
; ank | |||
: hook | |||
: noun | |||
: hankʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; ank- | |||
: bend | |||
: verb | |||
: ank- | |||
: 45 | |||
; ans | |||
: favorable | |||
: adjective | |||
: ans- | |||
: 47 | |||
; ansu | |||
: ghost, demon | |||
: noun | |||
: ansu- | |||
: 48 | |||
; ant | |||
: front, forehead | |||
: noun | |||
: ant-s | |||
: 48 | |||
; anti | |||
: against | |||
: preposition | |||
: anti | |||
: 48 | |||
; ap- | |||
: grasp; pluck, pick | |||
: verb | |||
: ap- | |||
: 50 | |||
; apo | |||
: from, as of | |||
: preposition | |||
: apo | |||
: 53 | |||
; ar | |||
: also | |||
: clitic | |||
: ar | |||
: 62 | |||
; ar | |||
: tree; nut | |||
: noun | |||
: ar- | |||
: 61 | |||
; ar- | |||
: fit, correspond, unite | |||
: verb | |||
: ar- (2ar-) | |||
: 55 | |||
; ar- | |||
: work land, plow | |||
: verb | |||
: har- | |||
: GI | |||
; ardi | |||
: tip, point | |||
: noun | |||
: ardi- | |||
: 63 | |||
; arimo | |||
: arm | |||
: noun | |||
: arh-mo- | |||
: 58 | |||
; arj | |||
: white, glinting | |||
: adjective | |||
: ar(e)-j- (2erj-) | |||
: 64 | |||
; arjint | |||
: metal; silver | |||
: noun | |||
: ar(e)-j- (2erj-nt-) | |||
: 64 | |||
; aru- | |||
: plow | |||
: verb | |||
: ar(h)- (2er3-) | |||
: 62 | |||
; aru-tro | |||
: plow | |||
: noun | |||
: arh-trom (2er3-trom) | |||
: 62 | |||
; aru/w- | |||
: field | |||
: noun | |||
: ar(h)w- (2er3-) | |||
: 63 | |||
; aru/w- | |||
: freeman | |||
: noun | |||
: arw- | |||
: GI | |||
; arw- | |||
: pray, offer prayer | |||
: verb | |||
: arw- | |||
: GI | |||
; arwa | |||
: guts | |||
: noun | |||
: arwa: | |||
: 68 | |||
; aryo | |||
: lord, master, host | |||
: noun | |||
: ar(y)o- | |||
: GI | |||
; as | |||
: hearth | |||
: noun | |||
: has- | |||
: GI | |||
; aster | |||
: star | |||
: noun | |||
: haster- | |||
: GI | |||
; au | |||
: away from | |||
: preposition | |||
: au- | |||
: 72 | |||
; au- | |||
: perceive | |||
: verb | |||
: au- | |||
: 78 | |||
; aug- | |||
: increase | |||
: verb | |||
: aug- | |||
: 84 | |||
; aukh | |||
: neck | |||
: noun | |||
: augʰ- | |||
: 87 | |||
; aulo | |||
: tube | |||
: noun | |||
: au-lo-s | |||
: 88 | |||
; aus | |||
: dawn | |||
: noun | |||
: (a)us-o:s (2uso:s) | |||
: 86 | |||
; aus | |||
: ear | |||
: noun | |||
: o:us- (2awsos) | |||
: 785 | |||
; aus | |||
: east | |||
: noun | |||
: (a)us-o:s (2uso:s) | |||
: 86 | |||
; aus- | |||
: create | |||
: verb | |||
: aus- | |||
: 90 | |||
; aus-aano | |||
: earring | |||
: noun | |||
: | |||
: | |||
; auso | |||
: metal; gold | |||
: noun | |||
: auso- | |||
: 86 | |||
; av | |||
: sudden | |||
: adjective | |||
: abʰ- | |||
: 2 | |||
; avro | |||
: strong, violent | |||
: adjective | |||
: abʰro- | |||
: 2 | |||
; awe | |||
: bird | |||
: noun | |||
: awei- (2awi-s-) | |||
: 86 | |||
; awij | |||
: grain; oats | |||
: noun | |||
: awij- | |||
: 88 | |||
; awo | |||
: grandfather | |||
: noun | |||
: awo-s (2eu2os) | |||
: 89 | |||
; ayer | |||
: day | |||
: noun | |||
: aier- | |||
: 12 | |||
; ayos | |||
: metal | |||
: noun | |||
: ayos- (2eios) | |||
: 15 | |||
; ayos | |||
: metal; bronze, iron | |||
: noun | |||
: ayos | |||
: 15 | |||
; ayu | |||
: life; youthful life force; eternity; lifespan | |||
: noun | |||
: ayu- | |||
: 17 | |||
; ayu-wo | |||
: alive, vigorous | |||
: adjective | |||
: ayu- | |||
: 17 | |||
; | ; azher | ||
: day | |||
: noun | |||
: ajʰer- | |||
: 7 | |||
==B== | ==B== | ||
; banan(a) : banana : | ; banan(a) | ||
: banana | |||
: noun | |||
: origin unknown | |||
: IW | |||
== | ==C== | ||
; cha : there : | ; cha | ||
; chak : branch, pole, stake : | : there | ||
; chas : grey : | : adverb | ||
; chasno : hare : | : co- | ||
; chatro : fight : | : 609 | ||
; che : here : | |||
; che-chuk-ent : clean : | ; chak | ||
; cheeko : grass, fodder : | : branch, pole, stake | ||
; chel : cold : | : noun | ||
; chenk- : hang : | : cak- | ||
; chens- : solemnly proclaim, prescribe, announce : | : GI | ||
; cher-wo : bull, ox (originally ʰhorned’) : | |||
; cherd : heart : | ; chas | ||
; cherisir/n- : head : | : grey | ||
; ches- : cut : | : adjective | ||
; chestro : knife : | : cas- | ||
; cheu : hollow : | : 533 | ||
; cheuk- : clean : | |||
; chimtom : 100 : | ; chasno | ||
; chirn : horn : | : hare | ||
; chirsen : hornet (horned insect) : | : noun | ||
; chleu- : hear : | : cas-no- (chs) | ||
; chlewo : glory : | : 533 | ||
; cho : yonder : | |||
; cholimo : pipe, tube : | ; chatro | ||
; chyee : dark brown; dark : | : fight | ||
: noun | |||
: cat(e)ro- | |||
: 534 | |||
; che | |||
: here | |||
: adverb | |||
: ce- | |||
: 609 | |||
; che-chuk-ent | |||
: clean | |||
: adjective | |||
: ceuk- | |||
: GI | |||
; cheeko | |||
: grass, fodder | |||
: noun | |||
: ceeko- | |||
: GI | |||
; chel | |||
: cold | |||
: adjective | |||
: cel- | |||
: 551 | |||
; chenk- | |||
: hang | |||
: verb | |||
: cenk- | |||
: 566 | |||
; chens- | |||
: solemnly proclaim, prescribe, announce | |||
: verb | |||
: cens- | |||
: GI | |||
; cher-wo | |||
: bull, ox (originally ʰhorned’) | |||
: noun | |||
: ce/or-w- | |||
: GI | |||
; cherd | |||
: heart | |||
: noun | |||
: cerd- | |||
: 579 | |||
; cherisir/n- | |||
: head | |||
: noun | |||
: c(e)rHs-r/n- | |||
: GI | |||
; ches- | |||
: cut | |||
: verb | |||
: ces- | |||
: 586 | |||
; chestro | |||
: knife | |||
: noun | |||
: ces-tro-m | |||
: 586 | |||
; cheu | |||
: hollow | |||
: adjective | |||
: ceu- | |||
: 592 | |||
; cheuk- | |||
: clean | |||
: verb | |||
: ceuk- | |||
: GI | |||
; chimtom | |||
: 100 | |||
: numeral | |||
: cMtóm | |||
: 192 | |||
; chirn | |||
: horn | |||
: noun | |||
: cer- (cRn-) | |||
: 574 | |||
; chirsen | |||
: hornet (horned insect) | |||
: noun | |||
: cRs-en- | |||
: GI | |||
; chleu- | |||
: hear | |||
: verb | |||
: cleu- | |||
: 605 | |||
; chlewo | |||
: glory | |||
: noun | |||
: clewo- | |||
: GI | |||
; cho | |||
: yonder | |||
: adverb | |||
: co- | |||
: 609 | |||
; cholimo | |||
: pipe, tube | |||
: noun | |||
: colhmo-s | |||
: 612 | |||
; chyee | |||
: dark brown; dark | |||
: adjective | |||
: cye:- | |||
: GI | |||
==D== | ==D== | ||
; daap : ritual food offered to the gods : | ; daap | ||
; dachru : tear(s) : | : ritual food offered to the gods | ||
; dai- : tear up : | : noun | ||
; daiwer : brother-in-law (husband’s brother) : | : dahp- | ||
; de : of : | : GI | ||
; dechim : 10 : | |||
; dechim-oyno : 11 : | ; dachru | ||
; deech : design, predestination, indication, direction, law : | : tear(s) | ||
; deech- : show : | : noun | ||
; deechtro : finger : | : dacru- | ||
; dei- : shine : | : 179 | ||
; deks : rightside : | |||
; del- : count : | ; dai- | ||
; dem- : build : | : tear up | ||
; demi- : tame : | : verb | ||
; dench- : bite : | : da:i- (da2i-) | ||
; dens : thick : | : 175 | ||
; der- : remove skin, bark; flay : | |||
; derch- : see : | ; daiwer | ||
; deru : tree : | : brother-in-law (husband’s brother) | ||
; deu- : fit : | : noun | ||
; deuk- : pull; lead : | : da:iwe:r (day2we:r) | ||
; dewos : god : | : 179 | ||
; deyeu : sky, heaven : | |||
; dezhom : dirt : | ; de | ||
; dezhom : earth, ground : | : of | ||
; dikh : goat : | : preposition | ||
; dilgho : long (duration) : | : de | ||
; dinju : language : | : 181 | ||
; dinju : tongue : | |||
; diw : day : | ; dechim | ||
; diw-u : daily : | : 10 | ||
; diw-u-ne : daily : | : numeral | ||
; domo : house, building : | : decM-t | ||
; domo : tame : | : 191 | ||
; dont : tooth : | |||
; doo- : give (take) : | ; dechim-oyno | ||
; draa- : run : | : 11 | ||
; dru : wood (oak) : | : numeral | ||
; dus : bad, wrong; mistaken : | : | ||
; dwei- : fear : | : | ||
; dwo : 2 : | |||
; dwo-pel : double : | ; deech | ||
; dwoo-dechim : 20 : | : design, predestination, indication, direction, law | ||
; dyeu : sky; god (esp sky or sun god) : | : noun | ||
; dyeus-pater : sky-father; supreme deity : | : deic- | ||
: GI | |||
; deech- | |||
: show | |||
: verb | |||
: deic- | |||
: 188 | |||
; deechtro | |||
: finger | |||
: noun | |||
: deic- | |||
: 188 | |||
; dei- | |||
: shine | |||
: verb | |||
: dei- | |||
: GI | |||
; deks | |||
: rightside | |||
: adjective | |||
: decs- | |||
: 190 | |||
; del- | |||
: count | |||
: verb | |||
: del- | |||
: 193 | |||
; dem- | |||
: build | |||
: verb | |||
: dem- | |||
: 198 | |||
; demi- | |||
: tame | |||
: verb | |||
: demh- | |||
: GI | |||
; dench- | |||
: bite | |||
: verb | |||
: denc- | |||
: 201 | |||
; dens | |||
: thick | |||
: adjective | |||
: dens- | |||
: 202 | |||
; der- | |||
: remove skin, bark; flay | |||
: verb | |||
: der- | |||
: 206 | |||
; derch- | |||
: see | |||
: verb | |||
: derc- | |||
: 213 | |||
; deru | |||
: tree | |||
: noun | |||
: deru- | |||
: 214 | |||
; deu- | |||
: fit | |||
: verb | |||
: deu- (dew2-) | |||
: 217 | |||
; deuk- | |||
: pull; lead | |||
: verb | |||
: deuk- | |||
: 220 | |||
; dewos | |||
: god | |||
: noun | |||
: deiwo-s | |||
: 185 | |||
; deyeu | |||
: sky, heaven | |||
: noun | |||
: deyeu- (dye:w-s) | |||
: 184 | |||
; dezhom | |||
: dirt | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰdʰem- (dejʰo:m) | |||
: 414 | |||
; dezhom | |||
: earth, ground | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰdʰem- (dejʰo:m) | |||
: 414 | |||
; dikh | |||
: goat | |||
: noun | |||
: digʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; dilgho | |||
: long (duration) | |||
: adjective | |||
: dLgʰó- (dL1gʰo-s) | |||
: 197 | |||
; dinju | |||
: language | |||
: noun | |||
: dNjʰu:- (dNjʰwa2-s) | |||
: 223 | |||
; dinju | |||
: tongue | |||
: noun | |||
: dNjʰu:- (dNjʰwa2-s) | |||
: 223 | |||
; diw | |||
: day | |||
: noun | |||
: diw- | |||
: 185 | |||
; diw-u | |||
: daily | |||
: adjective | |||
: diw- | |||
: 185 | |||
; diw-u-ne | |||
: daily | |||
: adverb | |||
: diw- | |||
: 185 | |||
; domo | |||
: house, building | |||
: noun | |||
: do:mo- (domhos) | |||
: 198 | |||
; domo | |||
: tame | |||
: adjective | |||
: domo-s (dom2o-s) | |||
: 199 | |||
; dont | |||
: tooth | |||
: noun | |||
: (e)d-ont- | |||
: 289 | |||
; doo- | |||
: give (take) | |||
: verb | |||
: do:- (de3-) | |||
: 223 | |||
; draa- | |||
: run | |||
: verb | |||
: dra:- (dra2-) | |||
: 204 | |||
; dru | |||
: wood (oak) | |||
: noun | |||
: d(o)ru- | |||
: GI | |||
; dus | |||
: bad, wrong; mistaken | |||
: adjective | |||
: dus- | |||
: GI | |||
; dwei- | |||
: fear | |||
: verb | |||
: dwei- | |||
: 227 | |||
; dwo | |||
: 2 | |||
: numeral | |||
: dwo: (duo-1) | |||
: 228 | |||
; dwo-pel | |||
: double | |||
: verb | |||
: dwo: | |||
: 228 | |||
; dwoo-dechim | |||
: 20 | |||
: numeral | |||
: | |||
: | |||
; dyeu | |||
: sky; god (esp sky or sun god) | |||
: noun | |||
: dyeu- ~ diw- ~ deiwo- | |||
: GI | |||
; dyeus-pater | |||
: sky-father; supreme deity | |||
: noun | |||
: dyeu(s)-pHter- | |||
: GI | |||
==E== | ==E== | ||
; echwo : horse : | ; echwo | ||
; ed- : eat : | : horse | ||
; edhlo : tree: conifer : | : noun | ||
; eek- : own : | : ecwo-s (1ecuos) | ||
; ees : ice : | : 301 | ||
; eesiro : endowed with sacred power; sacred : | |||
; egni : fire (as an active force) : | ; ed- | ||
; egwer : mountain; peak : | : eat | ||
; ei- : go : | : verb | ||
; ej : 1s(s) : | : ed- (1ed-) | ||
; ekhs : out : | : 287 | ||
; ekw- : drink : | |||
; el- : bend : | ; edhlo | ||
; elch : elk : | : tree: conifer | ||
; elen : fawn : | : noun | ||
; elinbo : doe : | : edʰlo- | ||
; elun : tree; juniper : | : GI | ||
; em- : take : | |||
; en : in : | ; eek- | ||
; en : year : | : own | ||
; ench : death, plague, fate, compulsion : | : verb | ||
; ensi : sword : | : e:ik- | ||
; enter : between : | : 298 | ||
; enu : without : | |||
; epi : beside, by : | ; ees | ||
; er- : row : | : ice | ||
; er- : start : | : noun | ||
; eri : lamb, ram : | : ei-s- | ||
; ers : buttocks : | : 301 | ||
; es- : be : | |||
; esen : harvest time; summer : | ; eesiro | ||
; esir/n- : blood : | : endowed with sacred power; sacred | ||
; esu : good : | : adjective | ||
; eth : needle : | : eishro- | ||
; eti : beyond : | : GI | ||
; eu- : put on, pull on : | |||
; euk- : get used to : | ; egni | ||
; eus- : burn, glow; cremate : | : fire (as an active force) | ||
; euth : udder : | : noun | ||
; ezhi : hedgehog : | : egnis (Ngni-) | ||
; ezhi : snake : | : 293 | ||
; egwer | |||
: mountain; peak | |||
: noun | |||
: hegʷr- ~ hgʷe/or- ~ hgʷr | |||
: GI | |||
; ei- | |||
: go | |||
: verb | |||
: ei- (1ei-) | |||
: 293 | |||
; ej | |||
: 1s(s) | |||
: pronoun | |||
: ej- (ej2) | |||
: 291 | |||
; ekhs | |||
: out | |||
: preposition | |||
: egʰs | |||
: 292 | |||
; ekw- | |||
: drink | |||
: verb | |||
: ekʷ- | |||
: GI | |||
; el- | |||
: bend | |||
: verb | |||
: el- | |||
: 307 | |||
; elch | |||
: elk | |||
: noun | |||
: (e)l-c- | |||
: GI | |||
; elen | |||
: fawn | |||
: noun | |||
: el-en- ~ el-N- | |||
: GI | |||
; elinbo | |||
: doe | |||
: noun | |||
: el-N-bʰo-s | |||
: GI | |||
; elun | |||
: tree; juniper | |||
: noun | |||
: el-en- (el-w-n) | |||
: 303 | |||
; em- | |||
: take | |||
: verb | |||
: 1em- (1em-) | |||
: 310 | |||
; en | |||
: in | |||
: preposition | |||
: en | |||
: 311 | |||
; en | |||
: year | |||
: noun | |||
: en- | |||
: 314 | |||
; ench | |||
: death, plague, fate, compulsion | |||
: noun | |||
: henc- ~ hnec- | |||
: GI | |||
; ensi | |||
: sword | |||
: noun | |||
: Nsi- ~ ensi- | |||
: GI | |||
; enter | |||
: between | |||
: preposition | |||
: enter | |||
: 313 | |||
; enu | |||
: without | |||
: preposition | |||
: enu | |||
: 318 | |||
; epi | |||
: beside, by | |||
: preposition | |||
: epi | |||
: 323 | |||
; er- | |||
: row | |||
: verb | |||
: er(e)- (1er1-) | |||
: 338 | |||
; er- | |||
: start | |||
: verb | |||
: er- | |||
: 326 | |||
; eri | |||
: lamb, ram | |||
: noun | |||
: er(i)- | |||
: GI | |||
; ers | |||
: buttocks | |||
: noun | |||
: ers- | |||
: 340 | |||
; es- | |||
: be | |||
: verb | |||
: es- | |||
: 340 | |||
; esen | |||
: harvest time; summer | |||
: noun | |||
: (e)s-en- | |||
: GI | |||
; esir/n- | |||
: blood | |||
: noun | |||
: es-R/n- (es2-R) | |||
: 343 | |||
; esu | |||
: good | |||
: adjective | |||
: esu-s | |||
: 342 | |||
; eth | |||
: needle | |||
: noun | |||
: edʰ | |||
: GI | |||
; eti | |||
: beyond | |||
: preposition | |||
: eti | |||
: 344 | |||
; eu- | |||
: put on, pull on | |||
: verb | |||
: eu- | |||
: GI | |||
; euk- | |||
: get used to | |||
: verb | |||
: euk- | |||
: 347 | |||
; eus- | |||
: burn, glow; cremate | |||
: verb | |||
: eus- | |||
: GI | |||
; euth | |||
: udder | |||
: noun | |||
: eudʰ | |||
: GI | |||
; ezhi | |||
: hedgehog | |||
: noun | |||
: ejʰi- | |||
: 292 | |||
; ezhi | |||
: snake | |||
: noun | |||
: ejʰi- | |||
: 43 | |||
==F== | ==F== | ||
; faa- : glint, shine : | ; faa- | ||
; faaghu : forearm : | : glint, shine | ||
; faago : tree; beech : | : verb | ||
; faazhu : elbow; forearm : | : bʰa:- | ||
; fad : good : | : 104 | ||
; fag- : share : | |||
; fago : share, part : | ; faaghu | ||
; fardha : beard : | : forearm | ||
; fares : grain; barley : | : noun | ||
; fau- : beat : | : bʰa:gʰú-s | ||
; fe : without : | : 108 | ||
; fedh- : dig : | |||
; fee : bee : | ; faago | ||
; feg- : break : | : tree; beech | ||
; fegh- : quarrel : | : noun | ||
; fei- : hit : | : bʰa:go-s | ||
; fend- : tie : | : 107 | ||
; fer- : bring; carry : | |||
; fer- : work with a sharp tool : | ; faazhu | ||
; ferij : tree; birch : | : elbow; forearm | ||
; ferij- : shine, be bright : | : noun | ||
; fero : brown : | : bʰaajʰu- | ||
; fersh : fortress, fortification; high mountain : | : GI | ||
; fersh : high, top : | |||
; fersh : mountain : | ; fad | ||
; fersh : tower : | : good | ||
; ferzh- : rise, stand up, get up : | : adjective | ||
; feu- : be, exist, become (inanimate) : | : bʰad- | ||
; feudh- : awaken : | : 106 | ||
; feug- : bend : | |||
; finj-u : thick, solid : | ; fag- | ||
; fiver : beaver : | : share | ||
; flaagh-men : priest (?) : | : verb | ||
; flaj- : beat : | : bʰag- | ||
; flee-wo : blue : | : 107 | ||
; floo : plant : | |||
; fo : if : | ; fago | ||
; fog- : bake : | : share, part | ||
; fog-achmo : brick : | : noun | ||
; fraater : brother : | : bʰago-s | ||
; fred- : wade : | : 107 | ||
; freej : white, glinting : | |||
; freu- : brew, ferment : | ; fardha | ||
; fruj- : roast : | : beard | ||
; fruu : eyebrow(s) : | : noun | ||
; fujo : goat : | : bʰardʰa: | ||
: 110 | |||
; fares | |||
: grain; barley | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰares- | |||
: 111 | |||
; fau- | |||
: beat | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰau- | |||
: 112 | |||
; fe | |||
: without | |||
: preposition | |||
: b(ʰ)e | |||
: 112 | |||
; fedh- | |||
: dig | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰe/odʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; fee | |||
: bee | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰei- | |||
: 116 | |||
; feg- | |||
: break | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰeg- | |||
: 114 | |||
; fegh- | |||
: quarrel | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰegʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; fei- | |||
: hit | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰei(h)- | |||
: 117 | |||
; fend- | |||
: tie | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰendʰ- | |||
: 127 | |||
; fer- | |||
: bring; carry | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰer- | |||
: 128 | |||
; fer- | |||
: work with a sharp tool | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰer- | |||
: GI | |||
; ferij | |||
: tree; birch | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰerhj- | |||
: 139 | |||
; ferij- | |||
: shine, be bright | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰerhj- | |||
: GI | |||
; fero | |||
: brown | |||
: adjective | |||
: bʰero-s | |||
: 136 | |||
; fersh | |||
: fortress, fortification; high mountain | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰ(e)rjʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; fersh | |||
: high, top | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰerjʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; fersh | |||
: mountain | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰerjʰos | |||
: 140 | |||
; fersh | |||
: tower | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰ(e)rjʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; ferzh- | |||
: rise, stand up, get up | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰerjʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; feu- | |||
: be, exist, become (inanimate) | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰeu- | |||
: 146 | |||
; feudh- | |||
: awaken | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰeudʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; feug- | |||
: bend | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰeug- | |||
: 152 | |||
; finj-u | |||
: thick, solid | |||
: adjective | |||
: bʰNjʰu-s | |||
: 127 | |||
; fiver | |||
: beaver | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰibʰer ~ bʰebʰer | |||
: GI | |||
; flaagh-men | |||
: priest (?) | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰlaagʰ-men | |||
: GI | |||
; flaj- | |||
: beat | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰlaj- | |||
: 154 | |||
; flee-wo | |||
: blue | |||
: adjective | |||
: bʰle:-wo-s | |||
: 160 | |||
; floo | |||
: plant | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰel- ~ bʰloh- ~ bʰlH | |||
: GI | |||
; fo | |||
: if | |||
: conjunction | |||
: bʰo | |||
: 113 | |||
; fog- | |||
: bake | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰog- | |||
: 113 | |||
; fog-achmo | |||
: brick | |||
: noun | |||
: | |||
: | |||
; fraater | |||
: brother | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰra:ter- (bʰré2t(e:)r) | |||
: 163 | |||
; fred- | |||
: wade | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰred(ʰ)- | |||
: 164 | |||
; freej | |||
: white, glinting | |||
: adjective | |||
: bʰre:j- | |||
: 139 | |||
; freu- | |||
: brew, ferment | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰrew- | |||
: 145 | |||
; fruj- | |||
: roast | |||
: verb | |||
: bʰrej- ~ bʰruj- | |||
: GI | |||
; fruu | |||
: eyebrow(s) | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰruh- | |||
: GI | |||
; fujo | |||
: goat | |||
: noun | |||
: bʰujo- | |||
: GI | |||
==G== | ==G== | ||
; gadu : cat : | ; gadu | ||
; gem : load : | : cat | ||
; gem- : stuff : | : noun | ||
; gemo : twin : | : gad-u- | ||
; ger- : crow, make noise : | : GI | ||
; geu- : chew : | |||
; glakt : milk : | ; gem | ||
; glob-u : round : | : load | ||
; gnoo- : know : | : noun | ||
; gref : crab : | : gem- | ||
; grev- : etch, scratch, write : | : 368 | ||
; grev- : scratch, scrape, draw : | |||
; groof : tree; hornbeam : | ; gem- | ||
; gurau : millstone : | : stuff | ||
; gwaa- : step : | : verb | ||
; gwee : all living things : | : gem- | ||
; gwei- : live : | : 368 | ||
; gwela : acorn : | |||
; gwelf : womb; fetus, young animal : | ; gemo | ||
; gwem- : come : | : twin | ||
; gwena : woman; wife : | : noun | ||
; gwer : heat, warmth : | : gemo | ||
; gwer : heavy : | : GI | ||
; gwer- : swallow : | |||
; gweru : heavy : | ; ger- | ||
; gwes- : extinguish : | : crow, make noise | ||
; gwey-ent : alive, living : | : verb | ||
; gwi-wo : alive, having life : | : ger- | ||
; gwolgwol : musical instrument : | : GI | ||
; gwoo : bovine; cow : | |||
; geu- | |||
: chew | |||
: verb | |||
: g(y)eu- | |||
: 400 | |||
; glakt | |||
: milk | |||
: noun | |||
: glakt | |||
: 400 | |||
; glob-u | |||
: round | |||
: adjective | |||
: glob | |||
: AHD | |||
; gnoo- | |||
: know | |||
: verb | |||
: gnoo- | |||
: AHD | |||
; gref | |||
: crab | |||
: noun | |||
: grebʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; grev- | |||
: etch, scratch, write | |||
: verb | |||
: grebʰ- | |||
: 392 | |||
; grev- | |||
: scratch, scrape, draw | |||
: verb | |||
: (s)grebʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; groof | |||
: tree; hornbeam | |||
: noun | |||
: gro:b(ʰ)o-s | |||
: 404 | |||
; gurau | |||
: millstone | |||
: noun | |||
: gʷraau- | |||
: GI | |||
; gwaa- | |||
: step | |||
: verb | |||
: gʷa:- (gʷa2-) | |||
: 463 | |||
; gwee | |||
: all living things | |||
: noun | |||
: gʷey- | |||
: 467 | |||
; gwei- | |||
: live | |||
: verb | |||
: gʷey- | |||
: 467 | |||
; gwela | |||
: acorn | |||
: noun | |||
: gʷla:- (gʷelh) | |||
: 472 | |||
; gwelf | |||
: womb; fetus, young animal | |||
: noun | |||
: gʷelbʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; gwem- | |||
: come | |||
: verb | |||
: gʷem- | |||
: 463 | |||
; gwena | |||
: woman; wife | |||
: noun | |||
: gʷena:- | |||
: 473 | |||
; gwer | |||
: heat, warmth | |||
: noun | |||
: gʰʷer- | |||
: GI | |||
; gwer | |||
: heavy | |||
: adjective | |||
: gʷer- | |||
: 476 | |||
; gwer- | |||
: swallow | |||
: verb | |||
: gʷer- (gʷer3-) | |||
: 474 | |||
; gweru | |||
: heavy | |||
: adjective | |||
: gʷ(e)r-u- | |||
: GI | |||
; gwes- | |||
: extinguish | |||
: verb | |||
: gʷes- | |||
: 479 | |||
; gwey-ent | |||
: alive, living | |||
: adjective | |||
: gʷey- | |||
: 467 | |||
; gwi-wo | |||
: alive, having life | |||
: adjective | |||
: gʷiwo-s | |||
: 467 | |||
; gwolgwol | |||
: musical instrument | |||
: noun | |||
: gʰolgʰol | |||
: GI | |||
; gwoo | |||
: bovine; cow | |||
: noun | |||
: gʷou- (gʷe2us) | |||
: 482 | |||
==H== | ==H== | ||
; hirth : clan; descendant : | ; hirth | ||
; hoyes : pole : | : clan; descendant | ||
: noun | |||
: hRdʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; hoyes | |||
: pole | |||
: noun | |||
: his- ~ hoi-es- ~ hois | |||
: GI | |||
==I== | ==I== | ||
; in- : word negation : PFX : N- : 756 | ; in- | ||
; in-mir-to : immortal : | : word negation | ||
; inchechuki : unclean : | : PFX | ||
; inder : under : | : N- | ||
; ing : cross, surly : | : 756 | ||
; irkso : bear : | |||
; isu : arrow : | ; in-mir-to | ||
; iwo : tree; yew : | : immortal | ||
: adjective | |||
: N-mR-tó-s | |||
: 735 | |||
; inchechuki | |||
: unclean | |||
: adjective | |||
: ceuk- | |||
: GI | |||
; inder | |||
: under | |||
: preposition | |||
: Ndʰer | |||
: 771 | |||
; ing | |||
: cross, surly | |||
: adjective | |||
: ing- | |||
: 13 | |||
; irkso | |||
: bear | |||
: noun | |||
: Rc-s-o-s | |||
: 875 | |||
; isu | |||
: arrow | |||
: noun | |||
: isu-s | |||
: B | |||
; iwo | |||
: tree; yew | |||
: noun | |||
: (e)i-wo- | |||
: 297 | |||
==J== | ==J== | ||
; jalo : sister-in-law : | ; jalo | ||
; jem- : marry (of a man) : | : sister-in-law | ||
; jemb- : bite, tear apart, break into pieces : | : noun | ||
; jen- : acknowledge, become aware; acknowledge guilt or sin : | : jal(ou-) | ||
; jen- : beget : | : GI | ||
; jen-ta : clan, tribe, kin collectivity : | |||
; jenu : jaw, chin : | ; =je | ||
; jenu : knee : | : emphasis | ||
; jer- : age : | : clitic | ||
; jeront : old man (participle of jer- ʰage’) : | : -je | ||
; jeus- : choose : | : 418 | ||
; jirno : grain : | |||
; jombo : peg : | ; jem- | ||
: marry (of a man) | |||
: verb | |||
: jem(e)- | |||
: 369 | |||
; jemb- | |||
: bite, tear apart, break into pieces | |||
: verb | |||
: jembʰ- | |||
: 369 | |||
; jen- | |||
: acknowledge, become aware; acknowledge guilt or sin | |||
: verb | |||
: jen- ~ jn- | |||
: GI | |||
; jen- | |||
: beget | |||
: verb | |||
: jen- | |||
: 373 | |||
; jen-ta | |||
: clan, tribe, kin collectivity | |||
: noun | |||
: jen-(t-) | |||
: GI | |||
; jenu | |||
: jaw, chin | |||
: noun | |||
: jenu- | |||
: 381 | |||
; jenu | |||
: knee | |||
: noun | |||
: jenu- | |||
: 380 | |||
; jer- | |||
: age | |||
: verb | |||
: jer- | |||
: 390 | |||
; jeront | |||
: old man (participle of jer- ʰage’) | |||
: noun | |||
: jer(ont) | |||
: GI | |||
; jeus- | |||
: choose | |||
: verb | |||
: jeus- | |||
: 399 | |||
; jirno | |||
: grain | |||
: noun | |||
: jR-no-m | |||
: 390 | |||
; jombo | |||
: peg | |||
: noun | |||
: jombʰo-s | |||
: 369 | |||
==K== | ==K== | ||
; kaar : wax : | ; kaar | ||
; kaau- : strike, cut, forge : | : wax | ||
; kaave : coffee : | : noun | ||
; kach : small, thin : | : ka:r- | ||
; kais : hair : | : 532 | ||
; kajo : goat : | |||
; kaka : manure, excrement : | ; kaau- | ||
; kan- : sing : | : strike, cut, forge | ||
; kap- : catch, seize : | : verb | ||
; kapel : head : | : kahu- | ||
; kaput : head : | : GI | ||
; kar : tree: nut : | |||
; karkar : crab : | ; kaave | ||
; kat : cat : | : coffee | ||
; kel : mountain, high place : | : noun | ||
; kelch : cup : | : < Turkish ʰkahveʰ | ||
; kelp : pot : | : IW | ||
; kerk : bird: chicken, hen, rooster : | |||
; kerp : implement for harvesting : | ; kach | ||
; kes- : comb : | : small, thin | ||
; kes- : scrape; shave : | : adjective | ||
; khav- : grasp, take; have : | : kac- | ||
; khed- : defecate : | : GI | ||
; khelsh : metal; copper, bronze : | |||
; khelu : turtle : | ; kais | ||
; kher- | : hair | ||
: noun | |||
; kherth : fence; enclosure : | : kais- | ||
; kherto : land : | : 520 | ||
; khevel : head : | |||
; khiv : left : | ; kajo | ||
; khnid : nit : | : goat | ||
; khos- : devour : | : noun | ||
; khosti : host, guest; stranger : | : kajo- | ||
; khou- : pay attention to : | : 517 | ||
; khree- : grow : | |||
; khwel- : want : | ; kaka | ||
; khwelu : hungry : | : manure, excrement | ||
; khwen- : hit, kill; destroy; pursue (enemy) : | : noun | ||
; khwer : warm : | : kakka- | ||
; khwerm : warmth, heat : | : 521 | ||
; khweyi : tendon : | |||
; khwiislo : fiber : | ; kan- | ||
; kili-wo : bald : | : sing | ||
; kilni : hill : | : verb | ||
; kirno : tree; cherry : | : kan- | ||
; kleno : tree; maple : | : 525 | ||
; klep- : steal : | |||
; kneu : tree: nut : | ; kap- | ||
; koj : goat : | : catch, seize | ||
; kokso : groin : | : verb | ||
; kom : with : | : kap- (ka2p-) | ||
; kor- : crow, make noise : | : 527 | ||
; korch : weak, thin : | |||
; koslo : tree; hazel : | ; kapel | ||
; kost : bone : | : head | ||
; koyot : coyote : | : noun | ||
; kree- : buy : | : kap-el- | ||
; krem : soup prepared by heating, fermentation : | : GI | ||
; kreui : raw flesh, raw meat : | |||
; kwaas- : cough : | ; kaput | ||
; kwas : cheese : | : head | ||
; kwekulo : wheel : | : noun | ||
; kwel : cattle herder : | : kap-ut- | ||
; kwel- : rotate, turn : | : 529 | ||
; kwelo : circle : | |||
; kwento : holy : | ; kar | ||
; kwep : boar : | : tree: nut | ||
; kwer : bowl : | : noun | ||
; kwer- : buy : | : qar- | ||
; kwer- : do, make; connect; make by hand; form : | : GI | ||
; kwetwer : 4 : | |||
; kwetwer-pel : quadruple : | ; karkar | ||
; kwi : what, who : | : crab | ||
; kwii- : want : | : noun | ||
; kwirmi : worm; ant : | : karkar- | ||
; kwoi- : punish, compensate, pay price, avenge : | : GI | ||
; kwon : dog : | |||
; kat | |||
: cat | |||
: noun | |||
: kat- | |||
: GI | |||
; kel | |||
: mountain, high place | |||
: noun | |||
: kel- | |||
: GI | |||
; kelch | |||
: cup | |||
: noun | |||
: kel-c- | |||
: 550 | |||
; kelp | |||
: pot | |||
: noun | |||
: kelp- | |||
: 555 | |||
; kerk | |||
: bird: chicken, hen, rooster | |||
: noun | |||
: kerk- | |||
: GI | |||
; kerp | |||
: implement for harvesting | |||
: noun | |||
: kerp- | |||
: GI | |||
; kes- | |||
: comb | |||
: verb | |||
: kes- | |||
: GI | |||
; kes- | |||
: scrape; shave | |||
: verb | |||
: kes- | |||
: 585 | |||
; khav- | |||
: grasp, take; have | |||
: verb | |||
: gʰabʰ- | |||
: 407 | |||
; khed- | |||
: defecate | |||
: verb | |||
: gʰed- | |||
: 423 | |||
; khelsh | |||
: metal; copper, bronze | |||
: noun | |||
: gʰel(e)jʰ- | |||
: 435 | |||
; khelu | |||
: turtle | |||
: noun | |||
: gʰelu | |||
: GI | |||
; kher- | |||
: fence in, surround, circle, enclose | |||
: verb | |||
: gʰer- | |||
: GI | |||
; kherth | |||
: fence; enclosure | |||
: noun | |||
: gʰ(e)r-dʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; kherto | |||
: land | |||
: noun | |||
: | |||
: | |||
; khevel | |||
: head | |||
: noun | |||
: gʰebʰ-el- (gʰebʰ2l-) | |||
: 423 | |||
; khiv | |||
: left | |||
: noun | |||
: gʰibʰ-ol-o- | |||
: GI | |||
; khnid | |||
: nit | |||
: noun | |||
: gʰnid | |||
: GI | |||
; khos- | |||
: devour | |||
: verb | |||
: gʰos- | |||
: 452 | |||
; khosti | |||
: host, guest; stranger | |||
: noun | |||
: gʰosti-s | |||
: 453 | |||
; khou- | |||
: pay attention to | |||
: verb | |||
: gʰou- | |||
: GI | |||
; khree- | |||
: grow | |||
: verb | |||
: gʰre:- | |||
: 454 | |||
; khwel- | |||
: want | |||
: verb | |||
: gʰʷel- | |||
: 489 | |||
; khwelu | |||
: hungry | |||
: adjective | |||
: gʰʷel- | |||
: 489 | |||
; khwen- | |||
: hit, kill; destroy; pursue (enemy) | |||
: verb | |||
: gʰʷen- | |||
: 491 | |||
; khwer | |||
: warm | |||
: adjective | |||
: gʰʷer- | |||
: 493 | |||
; khwerm | |||
: warmth, heat | |||
: noun | |||
: gʰʷer-m- | |||
: GI | |||
; khweyi | |||
: tendon | |||
: noun | |||
: gʰʷeih- | |||
: 489 | |||
; khwiislo | |||
: fiber | |||
: noun | |||
: gʰʷi:slo- (gʰʷihslo-) | |||
: 489 | |||
; kili-wo | |||
: bald | |||
: adjective | |||
: kelhwo- (kLhwo-) | |||
: 554 | |||
; kilni | |||
: hill | |||
: noun | |||
: kL-ni- ~ kol-ni- | |||
: GI | |||
; kirno | |||
: tree; cherry | |||
: noun | |||
: kRnos | |||
: 572 | |||
; kleno | |||
: tree; maple | |||
: noun | |||
: kleno- | |||
: 603 | |||
; klep- | |||
: steal | |||
: verb | |||
: klep- | |||
: 604 | |||
; kneu | |||
: tree: nut | |||
: noun | |||
: kneu- | |||
: GI | |||
; koj | |||
: goat | |||
: noun | |||
: qoj- | |||
: GI | |||
; kokso | |||
: groin | |||
: noun | |||
: kocsa:- | |||
: 611 | |||
; kom | |||
: with | |||
: preposition | |||
: kom | |||
: 612 | |||
; kor- | |||
: crow, make noise | |||
: verb | |||
: ke/or- ~ kR- | |||
: GI | |||
; korch | |||
: weak, thin | |||
: adjective | |||
: korc- | |||
: GI | |||
; koslo | |||
: tree; hazel | |||
: noun | |||
: kos(e)lo- | |||
: 616 | |||
; kost | |||
: bone | |||
: noun | |||
: qe/os-t- | |||
: GI | |||
; koyot | |||
: coyote | |||
: noun | |||
: < Nahuatl koyotl | |||
: IW | |||
; kree- | |||
: buy | |||
: verb | |||
: kʷrei- (kʷrei2-) | |||
: 648 | |||
; krem | |||
: soup prepared by heating, fermentation | |||
: noun | |||
: kr-em- | |||
: GI | |||
; kreui | |||
: raw flesh, raw meat | |||
: noun | |||
: kreuh- ~ kruh- | |||
: GI | |||
; kwaas- | |||
: cough | |||
: verb | |||
: kʷa2s- | |||
: R | |||
; kwas | |||
: cheese | |||
: noun | |||
: kwas- | |||
: GI | |||
; =kwe | |||
: and | |||
: conjunction | |||
: -kʷe | |||
: 635 | |||
; kwekulo | |||
: wheel | |||
: noun | |||
: kʷekʷlo- | |||
: 640 | |||
; kwel | |||
: cattle herder | |||
: noun | |||
: kʷel- | |||
: GI | |||
; kwel- | |||
: rotate, turn | |||
: verb | |||
: kʷel- | |||
: 639 | |||
; kwelo | |||
: circle | |||
: noun | |||
: kʷelo- | |||
: 639 | |||
; kwento | |||
: holy | |||
: adjective | |||
: cwen-to- | |||
: GI | |||
; kwep | |||
: boar | |||
: noun | |||
: qwep- | |||
: GI | |||
; kwer | |||
: bowl | |||
: noun | |||
: gʷer- | |||
: 642 | |||
; kwer- | |||
: buy | |||
: verb | |||
: kʷer-(ei-) | |||
: GI | |||
; kwer- | |||
: do, make; connect; make by hand; form | |||
: verb | |||
: kʷer- | |||
: GI | |||
; kwetwer | |||
: 4 | |||
: numeral | |||
: kʷetwer- | |||
: 642 | |||
; kwetwer-pel | |||
: quadruple | |||
: verb | |||
: kʷetwer- | |||
: 642 | |||
; kwi | |||
: what, who | |||
: pronoun | |||
: kʷo- | |||
: 644 | |||
; kwii- | |||
: want | |||
: verb | |||
: kwi:- | |||
: 632 | |||
; kwirmi | |||
: worm; ant | |||
: noun | |||
: kʷRmi- | |||
: GI | |||
; kwoi- | |||
: punish, compensate, pay price, avenge | |||
: verb | |||
: kʷe/oi-(naa-) | |||
: GI | |||
; kwon | |||
: dog | |||
: noun | |||
: cwon- | |||
: 632 | |||
==L== | ==L== | ||
; laab : lip : | ; laab | ||
; laawo : people, folk; army, campaign : | : lip | ||
; laiwo : leftside : | : noun | ||
; laks : salmon (derivative of lac- ʰred; spotted’) : | : la:b- | ||
; lau : booty, plunder : | : 655 | ||
; lau- : take plunder : | |||
; lav- : catch, seize : | ; laawo | ||
; lee : slick : | : people, folk; army, campaign | ||
; lee- : poor : | : noun | ||
; leeg- : bind; swear an oath, bind in obligation : | : lah(w)o | ||
; leekw- : leave (tr) : | : GI | ||
; lees : rut, track : | |||
; leeto : warmth : | ; laiwo | ||
; leewo : smooth : | : leftside | ||
; leezh- : lick : | : adjective | ||
; legh- : lay : | : laiwo- | ||
; legh- se : lie : | : 652 | ||
; leghu : light : | |||
; lei : mortar : | ; laks | ||
; lej- : gather, collect : | : salmon (derivative of lac- ʰred; spotted’) | ||
; lenta : tree; linden : | : noun | ||
; leu : lion : | : lacs- | ||
; leudhero : free people; folk : | : GI | ||
; leuj- : break : | |||
; leuk : light : | ; lau | ||
; leuk- : shine : | : booty, plunder | ||
; leuv- : love : | : noun | ||
; levont : elephant : | : lau- | ||
; lezh- : crawl, creep; spread : | : GI | ||
; lino : flax : | |||
; longo : long (dimension) : | ; lau- | ||
; look-snaa : shining body : | : take plunder | ||
; looko : meadow : | : verb | ||
; lus : louse : | : lau- | ||
: GI | |||
; lav- | |||
: catch, seize | |||
: verb | |||
: labʰ- | |||
: 652 | |||
; lee | |||
: slick | |||
: adjective | |||
: lei- | |||
: 662 | |||
; lee- | |||
: poor | |||
: adjective | |||
: le:(i)- | |||
: 665 | |||
; leeg- | |||
: bind; swear an oath, bind in obligation | |||
: verb | |||
: leig- | |||
: GI | |||
; leekw- | |||
: leave (tr) | |||
: verb | |||
: leikʷ- | |||
: 669 | |||
; lees | |||
: rut, track | |||
: noun | |||
: leis- | |||
: 671 | |||
; leeto | |||
: warmth | |||
: noun | |||
: le:to- (le1t-) | |||
: 680 | |||
; leewo | |||
: smooth | |||
: adjective | |||
: leiwo- | |||
: 662 | |||
; leezh- | |||
: lick | |||
: verb | |||
: leijʰ- | |||
: 668 | |||
; legh- | |||
: lay | |||
: verb | |||
: legʰ- | |||
: 658 | |||
; legh- se | |||
: lie | |||
: verb | |||
: legʰ- | |||
: 658 | |||
; leghu | |||
: light | |||
: adjective | |||
: legʰʷ- | |||
: GI | |||
; lei | |||
: mortar | |||
: noun | |||
: | |||
: | |||
; lej- | |||
: gather, collect | |||
: verb | |||
: lej- | |||
: GI | |||
; lenta | |||
: tree; linden | |||
: noun | |||
: lenta: | |||
: 677 | |||
; leu | |||
: lion | |||
: noun | |||
: leu- | |||
: GI | |||
; leudhero | |||
: free people; folk | |||
: noun | |||
: leudʰero- | |||
: GI | |||
; leuj- | |||
: break | |||
: verb | |||
: leuj- | |||
: 686 | |||
; leuk | |||
: light | |||
: noun | |||
: leuk- | |||
: 687 | |||
; leuk- | |||
: shine | |||
: verb | |||
: leuk- | |||
: 687 | |||
; leuv- | |||
: love | |||
: verb | |||
: leubʰ- | |||
: 683 | |||
; levont | |||
: elephant | |||
: noun | |||
: lebʰont- ~ Lbʰont- | |||
: GI | |||
; lezh- | |||
: crawl, creep; spread | |||
: verb | |||
: lejʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; lino | |||
: flax | |||
: noun | |||
: lino- | |||
: GI | |||
; longo | |||
: long (dimension) | |||
: adjective | |||
: (d)longʰo-s | |||
: 197 | |||
; look-snaa | |||
: shining body | |||
: noun | |||
: louksnaa- | |||
: GI | |||
; looko | |||
: meadow | |||
: noun | |||
: lowko-s | |||
: R | |||
; lus | |||
: louse | |||
: noun | |||
: lus (luhs) | |||
: 692 | |||
==M== | ==M== | ||
; maalo : fruit : | ; maalo | ||
; maater : mother : | : fruit | ||
; maatro : uncle (MoBr) : | : noun | ||
; marko : horse : | : mahlo- | ||
; marsk : swamp : | : GI | ||
; matro : aunt : | |||
; me : 1s(o) : | ; maater | ||
; med- : measure, weigh : | : mother | ||
; medh : honey, mead : | : noun | ||
; medh-u : sweet : | : ma:ter- (mé2t(e:)r) | ||
; medhi : middle : | : 700 | ||
; mee- : measure : | |||
; mee- : ripen : | ; maatro | ||
; meems : meat : | : uncle (MoBr) | ||
; meens : moon, month : | : noun | ||
; meezh- : urinate : | : ma:tro:- (me2tro:us) | ||
; mei- : change, exchange : | : 701 | ||
; mej : big : | |||
; mel : black, dark : | ; marko | ||
; mel- : crush, divide; thresh, grind grate : | : horse | ||
; mel- : deceive : | : noun | ||
; mel- : grind : | : marko- | ||
; mel- : say, pronounce : | : GI | ||
; meld- : pray while offering sacrifice; make a sound : | |||
; meli : honey : | ; marsk | ||
; melit : sweet : | : swamp | ||
; melj- : milk : | : noun | ||
; men : thought, mind, reason : | : mor- ~ mar-(sc-) | ||
; men- : rise, stand out : | : GI | ||
; men- : think, remember : | |||
; ment : mountain heights : | ; matro | ||
; mer- : die : | : aunt | ||
; merk- : soak : | : noun | ||
; mesk- : sink : | : ma:ter- (mé2t(e:)r) | ||
; meu : semen, sperm : | : 700 | ||
; meus : moss : | |||
; mil : grinder, mill : | ; me | ||
; mild : soft : | : 1s(o) | ||
; milyo : bad, evil : | : pronoun | ||
; mir- : put into (someone’s) possession, govern; hold : | : me- | ||
; mir-to : mortal : | : 702 | ||
; mir/n- : hand : | |||
; mod : manner : | ; med- | ||
; moks : soon : | : measure, weigh | ||
; mono : back of head, occiput; neck : | : verb | ||
; mor : black, dark : | : med- | ||
; mori : sea, lake : | : 705 | ||
; moro : tree: mulberry (tree and fruit) : | |||
; moru/w- : ant : | ; medh | ||
; morva : form : | : honey, mead | ||
; mosko : marrow : | : noun | ||
; mrezhu : short : | : medʰu | ||
; mug- : pray; pronounce the words of a prayer : | : 707 | ||
; mus : fly, gadfly : | |||
; muus : mouse : | ; medh-u | ||
: sweet | |||
: adjective | |||
: medʰu | |||
: 707 | |||
; medhi | |||
: middle | |||
: adjective | |||
: medʰi- | |||
: 706 | |||
; mee- | |||
: measure | |||
: verb | |||
: meh- | |||
: GI | |||
; mee- | |||
: ripen | |||
: verb | |||
: meh(i)- | |||
: GI | |||
; meems | |||
: meat | |||
: noun | |||
: me:mso- (me:ms-) | |||
: 725 | |||
; meens | |||
: moon, month | |||
: noun | |||
: me:ns- (me:1Ns) | |||
: 731 | |||
; meezh- | |||
: urinate | |||
: verb | |||
: meijʰ- | |||
: 713 | |||
; mei- | |||
: change, exchange | |||
: verb | |||
: mei-(n)- | |||
: GI | |||
; mej | |||
: big | |||
: adjective | |||
: mej- (mej2-s) | |||
: 708 | |||
; mel | |||
: black, dark | |||
: adjective | |||
: mel- | |||
: GI | |||
; mel- | |||
: crush, divide; thresh, grind grate | |||
: verb | |||
: mel- | |||
: GI | |||
; mel- | |||
: deceive | |||
: verb | |||
: mel- | |||
: 719 | |||
; mel- | |||
: grind | |||
: verb | |||
: mel- (molh-) | |||
: 716 | |||
; mel- | |||
: say, pronounce | |||
: verb | |||
: mel- | |||
: GI | |||
; meld- | |||
: pray while offering sacrifice; make a sound | |||
: verb | |||
: mel-dʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; meli | |||
: honey | |||
: noun | |||
: meli | |||
: 723 | |||
; melit | |||
: sweet | |||
: adjective | |||
: mel-i-t- | |||
: GI | |||
; melj- | |||
: milk | |||
: verb | |||
: 29melj- | |||
: 722 | |||
; men | |||
: thought, mind, reason | |||
: noun | |||
: men- | |||
: GI | |||
; men- | |||
: rise, stand out | |||
: verb | |||
: m(e)n- | |||
: GI | |||
; men- | |||
: think, remember | |||
: verb | |||
: men- | |||
: 726 | |||
; ment | |||
: mountain heights | |||
: noun | |||
: m(e)n-t- | |||
: GI | |||
; mer- | |||
: die | |||
: verb | |||
: mer- | |||
: 735 | |||
; merk- | |||
: soak | |||
: verb | |||
: merk- | |||
: 739 | |||
; mesk- | |||
: sink | |||
: verb | |||
: mezg- | |||
: 745 | |||
; meu | |||
: semen, sperm | |||
: noun | |||
: meu- ~ mu- | |||
: GI | |||
; meus | |||
: moss | |||
: noun | |||
: m(e)us- | |||
: GI | |||
; mil | |||
: grinder, mill | |||
: noun | |||
: mL- ~ mul- | |||
: GI | |||
; mild | |||
: soft | |||
: adjective | |||
: mLdu- (mLdʰ-) | |||
: 718 | |||
; milyo | |||
: bad, evil | |||
: adjective | |||
: mel-yo- | |||
: 719 | |||
; mir- | |||
: put into (someone’s) possession, govern; hold | |||
: verb | |||
: mHr-/n-(t)- | |||
: GI | |||
; mir-to | |||
: mortal | |||
: adjective | |||
: mRt-ós | |||
: 735 | |||
; mir/n- | |||
: hand | |||
: noun | |||
: mh-n-és (mhr-/n-) | |||
: 740 | |||
; mod | |||
: manner | |||
: noun | |||
: mod | |||
: AHD | |||
; moks | |||
: soon | |||
: adverb | |||
: mocs | |||
: 747 | |||
; mono | |||
: back of head, occiput; neck | |||
: noun | |||
: mon(o)- | |||
: 747 | |||
; mor | |||
: black, dark | |||
: adjective | |||
: mor- | |||
: 734 | |||
; mori | |||
: sea, lake | |||
: noun | |||
: mori | |||
: 748 | |||
; moro | |||
: tree: mulberry (tree and fruit) | |||
: noun | |||
: moro- | |||
: GI | |||
; moru/w- | |||
: ant | |||
: noun | |||
: mor-w- ~ wor-m- | |||
: GI | |||
; morva | |||
: form | |||
: noun | |||
: morbʰ-aa | |||
: GI | |||
; mosko | |||
: marrow | |||
: noun | |||
: mos-ko- | |||
: 750 | |||
; mrezhu | |||
: short | |||
: adjective | |||
: mrejʰu- | |||
: GI | |||
; mug- | |||
: pray; pronounce the words of a prayer | |||
: verb | |||
: mug- | |||
: GI | |||
; mus | |||
: fly, gadfly | |||
: noun | |||
: mu(s)- | |||
: | |||
; muus | |||
: mouse | |||
: noun | |||
: mu:s (muhs) | |||
: 752 | |||
==N== | ==N== | ||
; naa- : fear, revere (gods); be ashamed : | ; naa- | ||
; naau : boat, ship : | : fear, revere (gods); be ashamed | ||
; nas : nose : | : verb | ||
; ne : 1p(o) : | : nah- | ||
; ne : not : | : GI | ||
; nech- : die; disappear : | |||
; neegw- : wash : | ; naau | ||
; nem- : give, allot; take : | : boat, ship | ||
; nepot : grandson : | : noun | ||
; nepti : granddaughter : | : nahw- | ||
; nes- : return home; be reunited with relatives : | : GI | ||
; nevos : cloud : | |||
; newin : 9 : | ; nas | ||
; newo : new : | : nose | ||
; nii : low, bottom : | : noun | ||
; nist : nest : | : nas- | ||
; nogu : naked : | : 755 | ||
; nokut : night : | |||
; nomen : name : | ; ne | ||
; noodo : knot : | : 1p(o) | ||
; nos : 1p(o) : | : pronoun | ||
; nov : navel : | : ne- | ||
; nu : now : | : 758 | ||
; ne | |||
: not | |||
: clitic | |||
: ne | |||
: 756 | |||
; nech- | |||
: die; disappear | |||
: verb | |||
: hnec- | |||
: GI | |||
; neegw- | |||
: wash | |||
: verb | |||
: neigʷ- | |||
: 761 | |||
; nem- | |||
: give, allot; take | |||
: verb | |||
: nem- | |||
: 763 | |||
; nepot | |||
: grandson | |||
: noun | |||
: nepo:t- | |||
: 764 | |||
; nepti | |||
: granddaughter | |||
: noun | |||
: nepʰtʰí | |||
: GI | |||
; nes- | |||
: return home; be reunited with relatives | |||
: verb | |||
: nes- | |||
: GI | |||
; nevos | |||
: cloud | |||
: noun | |||
: nebʰos | |||
: 315 | |||
; newin | |||
: 9 | |||
: numeral | |||
: newnoun | |||
: 318 | |||
; newo | |||
: new | |||
: adjective | |||
: newo-s | |||
: 769 | |||
; nii | |||
: low, bottom | |||
: noun | |||
: ni:- | |||
: GI | |||
; nist | |||
: nest | |||
: noun | |||
: ni-zd-os | |||
: 887 | |||
; nogu | |||
: naked | |||
: adjective | |||
: nogʷ- | |||
: 769 | |||
; nokut | |||
: night | |||
: noun | |||
: nokʷt-s | |||
: 762 | |||
; nomen | |||
: name | |||
: noun | |||
: nomN (1ne:3mN) | |||
: 321 | |||
; noodo | |||
: knot | |||
: noun | |||
: no:do-s | |||
: 758 | |||
; nos | |||
: 1p(o) | |||
: pronoun | |||
: nos | |||
: 758 | |||
; nov | |||
: navel | |||
: noun | |||
: nobʰ- ~ Nbʰ- ~Mbʰ | |||
: GI | |||
; nu | |||
: now | |||
: adverb | |||
: nu- | |||
: 770 | |||
==O== | ==O== | ||
; o- : consider true, believe an omen : | ; o- | ||
; od- : smell : | : consider true, believe an omen | ||
; odhes : axe : | : verb | ||
; oghwi : snake, viper : | : ho- | ||
; okto : 8 : | : GI | ||
; okw- : see : | |||
; okwes : eye : | ; od- | ||
; ol : bird: water bird, water fowl : | : smell | ||
; ol : brown, red : | : verb | ||
; olina : elbow : | : od- (3od-) | ||
; olmo : tree; elm : | : 773 | ||
; om : unripe, bitter : | |||
; omo- : swear : | ; odhes | ||
; omso : shoulder : | : axe | ||
; ond : mountain, cliff, rock : | : noun | ||
; oner- : dream : | : a/odʰes- | ||
; ongu/w- : oil; ointment, salve : | : GI | ||
; ongw- : anoint : | |||
; onokh : claw : | ; oghwi | ||
; ons- : give birth, produce; kin : | : snake, viper | ||
; oochu : swiftly : | : noun | ||
; oos : mouth : | : ogʰʷi- | ||
; oos : tree; ash : | : 43 | ||
; oowi : egg : | |||
; opir/n- : goods, wealth, possessions; trade : | ; okto | ||
; or : bird; eagle : | : 8 | ||
; or- : rise, get up, heave : | : numeral | ||
; or- : supplicate, entreat gods : | : octo: | ||
; ori : village boundary : | : 775 | ||
; orji : testicle : | |||
; ors : buttocks : | ; okw- | ||
; orvo : indigent; orphan, slave : | : see | ||
; osonos : donkey (borrowed?) : | : verb | ||
; osp : tree; poplar, aspen : | : okʷ- (3okʷ-) | ||
; ost : bone : | : 775 | ||
; osto : branch, twig : | |||
; ovi : towards : | ; okwes | ||
; ow- : put on footwear : | : eye | ||
; owent : shoe : | : noun | ||
; owi : sheep : | : okʷ(e)s- | ||
; owi-paa : shepherd : | : 775 | ||
; oyno : 1 : | |||
; ol | |||
: bird: water bird, water fowl | |||
: noun | |||
: e/ol- | |||
: GI | |||
; ol | |||
: brown, red | |||
: adjective | |||
: e/ol- | |||
: GI | |||
; olina | |||
: elbow | |||
: noun | |||
: olina: (olVna2) | |||
: 307 | |||
; olmo | |||
: tree; elm | |||
: noun | |||
: ol-mo-s | |||
: 303 | |||
; om | |||
: unripe, bitter | |||
: adjective | |||
: om- ~ M- | |||
: GI | |||
; omo- | |||
: swear | |||
: verb | |||
: omh- (3om3-) | |||
: 778 | |||
; omso | |||
: shoulder | |||
: noun | |||
: om(e)so-s | |||
: 778 | |||
; ond | |||
: mountain, cliff, rock | |||
: noun | |||
: ond- ~ Nd- | |||
: GI | |||
; oner- | |||
: dream | |||
: verb | |||
: oner- (3ner-) | |||
: 779 | |||
; ongu/w- | |||
: oil; ointment, salve | |||
: noun | |||
: ongʰʷ | |||
: GI | |||
; ongw- | |||
: anoint | |||
: verb | |||
: ongʷ- | |||
: 779 | |||
; onokh | |||
: claw | |||
: noun | |||
: onogʰ- (3nogʰ-s) | |||
: 780 | |||
; ons- | |||
: give birth, produce; kin | |||
: verb | |||
: hons- ~ hNs- | |||
: GI | |||
; oochu | |||
: swiftly | |||
: adverb | |||
: o:cu-s | |||
: 775 | |||
; oos | |||
: mouth | |||
: noun | |||
: o:us- (ohs) | |||
: 784 | |||
; oos | |||
: tree; ash | |||
: noun | |||
: o:s- | |||
: 782 | |||
; oowi | |||
: egg | |||
: noun | |||
: o:wi-om ((2)o:wio-m) | |||
: 783 | |||
; opir/n- | |||
: goods, wealth, possessions; trade | |||
: noun | |||
: hop-r/n- | |||
: GI | |||
; or | |||
: bird; eagle | |||
: noun | |||
: or- | |||
: 325 | |||
; or- | |||
: rise, get up, heave | |||
: verb | |||
: 3or- | |||
: R | |||
; or- | |||
: supplicate, entreat gods | |||
: verb | |||
: or- | |||
: GI | |||
; ori | |||
: village boundary | |||
: noun | |||
: e/orh- | |||
: GI | |||
; orji | |||
: testicle | |||
: noun | |||
: orjʰ-i- | |||
: GI | |||
; ors | |||
: buttocks | |||
: noun | |||
: ors- | |||
: GI | |||
; orvo | |||
: indigent; orphan, slave | |||
: noun | |||
: orbʰo- | |||
: 781 | |||
; osonos | |||
: donkey (borrowed?) | |||
: noun | |||
: os(o)nos | |||
: GI | |||
; osp | |||
: tree; poplar, aspen | |||
: noun | |||
: apsa: (osp-) | |||
: 55 | |||
; ost | |||
: bone | |||
: noun | |||
: ost- (2ost) | |||
: 783 | |||
; osto | |||
: branch, twig | |||
: noun | |||
: ozdo-s (3osdo-s) | |||
: 785 | |||
; ovi | |||
: towards | |||
: preposition | |||
: obʰi | |||
: 287 | |||
; ow- | |||
: put on footwear | |||
: verb | |||
: hou- | |||
: B | |||
; owent | |||
: shoe | |||
: noun | |||
: hou- | |||
: B | |||
; owi | |||
: sheep | |||
: noun | |||
: owi-s (3euis) | |||
: 784 | |||
; owi-paa | |||
: shepherd | |||
: noun | |||
: howi-pah- | |||
: GI | |||
; oyno | |||
: 1 | |||
: numeral | |||
: oi-nos | |||
: 286 | |||
==P== | ==P== | ||
; paa- : feed : | ; paa- | ||
; paa- : guard (livestock), herd : | : feed | ||
; paaj- : fasten : | : verb | ||
; pard : leopard : | : pa:- | ||
; patat(a) : potato : | : 787 | ||
; pater : father : | |||
; pecho : hair, fur : | ; paa- | ||
; pechu : domestic animals, livestock : | : guard (livestock), herd | ||
; ped : foot : | : verb | ||
; peech : spotted : | : pah- ~ poh(i)- | ||
; peens : sand : | : GI | ||
; pees : mortar and pestle : | |||
; pees- : thresh, mill (grain) : | ; paaj- | ||
; peesk : fish : | : fasten | ||
; pekw- : cook, prepare : | : verb | ||
; pel : dust, powder : | : pa:j- (pa2g-) | ||
; pel : fortress, fortified city : | : 787 | ||
; pel : skin : | |||
; pel : smooth : | ; pard | ||
; pel- : multiply, fold together : | : leopard | ||
; pelechu : axe : | : noun | ||
; pelit : wide, flat : | : pard- | ||
; pen : bog, mud : | : GI | ||
; penkwe : 5 : | |||
; perch : spotted : | ; patat(a) | ||
; perch- : furrow; scratch, make hole or depression in the earth : | : potato | ||
; perd- : fart : | : noun | ||
; peri : front : | : < Taino ʰbatataʰ | ||
; perkwu : forest : | : IW | ||
; perkwu : tree; oak : | |||
; perkwu-no : god of war and military campaigns : | ; pater | ||
; pero : feather : | : father | ||
; pes : penis : | : noun | ||
; pet- : fall, fly : | : phte(r) (p2te:r) | ||
; petir : wing : | : 829 | ||
; peuch : tree; pine, spruce : | |||
; peuch : tree: fir, pine : | ; pecho | ||
; peuch- : prick : | : hair, fur | ||
; pik : pitch : | : noun | ||
; pilma : palm : | : p(e)c-o- | ||
; pilno : full : | : GI | ||
; pinksti : fist : | |||
; pint : path : | ; pechu | ||
; pint : road : | : domestic animals, livestock | ||
; pinti : track : | : noun | ||
; pit : tree: pine, fir : | : pec-u- | ||
; pitro : uncle : | : 797 | ||
; plaa- : spread : | |||
; plech- : plait, braid, intertwine : | ; ped | ||
; pleu- : float, sail, swim; soak, make wet : | : foot | ||
; pleumon : lung (from pleu- ʰto float’) : | : noun | ||
; ploo : flea : | : ped- (po:d-s) | ||
; plu : many, much : | : 790 | ||
; pneu- : blow : | |||
; pol : half; pair : | ; peech | ||
; pol : shield : | : spotted | ||
; poli : city, town : | : adjective | ||
; polt- : fold : | : p(e)ic- | ||
; poo : few : | : GI | ||
; poo- : drink : | |||
; poolo : foal : | ; peens | ||
; porcho : piglet : | : sand | ||
; post : behind : | : noun | ||
; poti : master, sovereign, husband : | : pe:ns | ||
; potni : lady : | : 824 | ||
; prech- : ask : | |||
; preu- : jump : | ; pees | ||
; preus : frost : | : mortar and pestle | ||
; preuso- : freeze, cold : | : noun | ||
; pro : ahead, before : | : peis- ~ pis- | ||
; pur, pawir : fire (for cooking) : | : GI | ||
; putlo : boy : | |||
; puur : grain; wheat : | ; pees- | ||
: thresh, mill (grain) | |||
: verb | |||
: peis- ~ pis- | |||
: GI | |||
; peesk | |||
: fish | |||
: noun | |||
: peisk- | |||
: 796 | |||
; pekw- | |||
: cook, prepare | |||
: verb | |||
: pekʷ- | |||
: 798 | |||
; pel | |||
: dust, powder | |||
: noun | |||
: pel- | |||
: 802 | |||
; pel | |||
: fortress, fortified city | |||
: noun | |||
: pel- | |||
: GI | |||
; pel | |||
: skin | |||
: noun | |||
: pel- | |||
: 803 | |||
; pel | |||
: smooth | |||
: adjective | |||
: pel- | |||
: GI | |||
; pel- | |||
: multiply, fold together | |||
: verb | |||
: pel- | |||
: GI | |||
; pelechu | |||
: axe | |||
: noun | |||
: pelecu- | |||
: GI | |||
; pelit | |||
: wide, flat | |||
: adjective | |||
: p(e)l-h-t- | |||
: GI | |||
; pen | |||
: bog, mud | |||
: noun | |||
: pen- | |||
: 807 | |||
; penkwe | |||
: 5 | |||
: numeral | |||
: penkʷe | |||
: 808 | |||
; perch | |||
: spotted | |||
: adjective | |||
: perc- | |||
: GI | |||
; perch- | |||
: furrow; scratch, make hole or depression in the earth | |||
: verb | |||
: perc- | |||
: GI | |||
; perd- | |||
: fart | |||
: verb | |||
: perd- | |||
: 819 | |||
; peri | |||
: front | |||
: noun | |||
: per-h- | |||
: GI | |||
; perkwu | |||
: forest | |||
: noun | |||
: perkʷu- | |||
: GI | |||
; perkwu | |||
: tree; oak | |||
: noun | |||
: perkʷu-s | |||
: 822 | |||
; perkwu-no | |||
: god of war and military campaigns | |||
: noun | |||
: per(kʷ)u-no- | |||
: GI | |||
; pero | |||
: feather | |||
: noun | |||
: pero-m | |||
: R | |||
; pes | |||
: penis | |||
: noun | |||
: pes- | |||
: 824 | |||
; pet- | |||
: fall, fly | |||
: verb | |||
: pet- (pet2-) | |||
: 825 | |||
; petir | |||
: wing | |||
: noun | |||
: pet-R- | |||
: 825 | |||
; peuch | |||
: tree; pine, spruce | |||
: noun | |||
: peuc- | |||
: 828 | |||
; peuch | |||
: tree: fir, pine | |||
: noun | |||
: peuc- ~ puc- | |||
: GI | |||
; peuch- | |||
: prick | |||
: verb | |||
: peuc- | |||
: 828 | |||
; pik | |||
: pitch | |||
: noun | |||
: pik | |||
: GI | |||
; pilma | |||
: palm | |||
: noun | |||
: pL-ma: (pL2ma2) | |||
: 805 | |||
; pilno | |||
: full | |||
: adjective | |||
: pL-no- (pL1no-s) | |||
: 798 | |||
; pinksti | |||
: fist | |||
: noun | |||
: pNksti- | |||
: 839 | |||
; pint | |||
: path | |||
: noun | |||
: pNt-H | |||
: GI | |||
; pint | |||
: road | |||
: noun | |||
: pNt-H | |||
: GI | |||
; pinti | |||
: track | |||
: noun | |||
: pNt(h)h- | |||
: 808 | |||
; pit | |||
: tree: pine, fir | |||
: noun | |||
: pit | |||
: GI | |||
; pitro | |||
: uncle | |||
: noun | |||
: phte(r) (p2te:r) | |||
: 829 | |||
; plaa- | |||
: spread | |||
: verb | |||
: pla:- | |||
: 805 | |||
; plech- | |||
: plait, braid, intertwine | |||
: verb | |||
: plec- | |||
: 834 | |||
; pleu- | |||
: float, sail, swim; soak, make wet | |||
: verb | |||
: pleu- | |||
: 835 | |||
; pleumon | |||
: lung (from pleu- ʰto float’) | |||
: noun | |||
: pl(e)u-mon- | |||
: 837 | |||
; ploo | |||
: flea | |||
: noun | |||
: plou- | |||
: 102 | |||
; plu | |||
: many, much | |||
: quantifier | |||
: pelu- | |||
: 800 | |||
; pneu- | |||
: blow | |||
: verb | |||
: pneu- | |||
: 838 | |||
; pol | |||
: half; pair | |||
: numeral | |||
: p(o)l- | |||
: GI | |||
; pol | |||
: shield | |||
: noun | |||
: pol- | |||
: GI | |||
; poli | |||
: city, town | |||
: noun | |||
: pel- (p(o)lh-) | |||
: 798 | |||
; polt- | |||
: fold | |||
: verb | |||
: p(o)l-t- | |||
: GI | |||
; poo | |||
: few | |||
: quantifier | |||
: po:u- | |||
: 842 | |||
; poo- | |||
: drink | |||
: verb | |||
: po:(i)- (po3-) | |||
: 839 | |||
; poolo | |||
: foal | |||
: noun | |||
: po:(u)-lo-s (p(o:)lh-) | |||
: 842 | |||
; porcho | |||
: piglet | |||
: noun | |||
: porco-s | |||
: 841 | |||
; post | |||
: behind | |||
: preposition | |||
: pos (post) | |||
: 841 | |||
; poti | |||
: master, sovereign, husband | |||
: noun | |||
: poti-s | |||
: 842 | |||
; potni | |||
: lady | |||
: noun | |||
: pot-ni- | |||
: GI | |||
; prech- | |||
: ask | |||
: verb | |||
: prec- | |||
: 821 | |||
; preu- | |||
: jump | |||
: verb | |||
: preu- | |||
: GI | |||
; preus | |||
: frost | |||
: noun | |||
: preus- | |||
: 846 | |||
; preuso- | |||
: freeze, cold | |||
: verb | |||
: preu-so- | |||
: GI | |||
; pro | |||
: ahead, before | |||
: preposition | |||
: pro | |||
: 813 | |||
; pur, pawir | |||
: fire (for cooking) | |||
: noun | |||
: pur (pa2wR) | |||
: 828 | |||
; putlo | |||
: boy | |||
: noun | |||
: putlo-s | |||
: R | |||
; puur | |||
: grain; wheat | |||
: noun | |||
: puur- | |||
: GI | |||
==R== | ==R== | ||
; raad : root : | ; raad | ||
; ree : possessions, property : | : root | ||
; ree- : travel by ship : | : noun | ||
; reej : strong, efficient : | : w(e)ra:d- (wra2d-) | ||
; reej- : break : | : 1167 | ||
; rej : king : | |||
; rej : right, straight : | ; ree | ||
; rej- : direct, correct, straighten, even out : | : possessions, property | ||
; rej- : make wet, irrigate : | : noun | ||
; rem- : support : | : reh(i) | ||
; ren : lamb : | : GI | ||
; ret- : run, ride, walk : | |||
; ret- : walk : | ; ree- | ||
; reu- : roar : | : travel by ship | ||
; reudh : red metal; copper : | : verb | ||
; reuth : red : | : erH- ~ reh- | ||
; rod : rose; wild rose : | : GI | ||
; roto : wheel : | |||
; roto-wo : cart : | ; reej | ||
; royko : heather : | : strong, efficient | ||
; rughyo : grain; rye : | : adjective | ||
: rehj- | |||
: GI | |||
; reej- | |||
: break | |||
: verb | |||
: wre:j- | |||
: 1181 | |||
; rej | |||
: king | |||
: noun | |||
: re:j-s (3re:j-s) | |||
: 854 | |||
; rej | |||
: right, straight | |||
: adjective | |||
: rej- (3Rju-s) | |||
: 854 | |||
; rej- | |||
: direct, correct, straighten, even out | |||
: verb | |||
: rej- | |||
: GI | |||
; rej- | |||
: make wet, irrigate | |||
: verb | |||
: rej- | |||
: GI | |||
; rem- | |||
: support | |||
: verb | |||
: rem- | |||
: 864 | |||
; ren | |||
: lamb | |||
: noun | |||
: wr-en- | |||
: GI | |||
; ret- | |||
: run, ride, walk | |||
: verb | |||
: ret(h)- (hret-) | |||
: 866 | |||
; ret- | |||
: walk | |||
: verb | |||
: ret(h)- (hret-) | |||
: 866 | |||
; reu- | |||
: roar | |||
: verb | |||
: reu-j- | |||
: GI | |||
; reudh | |||
: red metal; copper | |||
: noun | |||
: r(e)udʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; reuth | |||
: red | |||
: adjective | |||
: reudʰ- | |||
: 872 | |||
; rod | |||
: rose; wild rose | |||
: noun | |||
: wrod- | |||
: GI | |||
; roto | |||
: wheel | |||
: noun | |||
: roto- (hrot2-) | |||
: 866 | |||
; roto-wo | |||
: cart | |||
: noun | |||
: roto- (hrot2-) | |||
: 866 | |||
; royko | |||
: heather | |||
: noun | |||
: wroi-ko- | |||
: GI | |||
; rughyo | |||
: grain; rye | |||
: noun | |||
: wrugʰyo- | |||
: 1183 | |||
==S== | ==S== | ||
; saag- : recognize by signs; ask (the gods’ will) : | ; saag- | ||
; saag- : seek : | : recognize by signs; ask (the gods’ will) | ||
; saimen : cord, rope : | : verb | ||
; sak : holy : | : saag- | ||
; sak : rite : | : GI | ||
; sak- : sanctify : | |||
; sak- : set apart; sanctify : | ; saag- | ||
; sal : salt : | : seek | ||
; samlu : tree: apple : | : verb | ||
; saus : dry : | : sa:g- | ||
; sawel : sun : | : 876 | ||
; sed- : set : | |||
; sed- swe : sit : | ; saimen | ||
; see- : sow; press into the ground : | : cord, rope | ||
; see- : tie, bind, twist : | : noun | ||
; see-men : seed, semen : | : s2ime:n | ||
; seemi : 1/2 : | : R | ||
; seku/w- : eye, view : | |||
; sekw- : follow : | ; sak | ||
; sekw- : notice : | : holy | ||
; sekw- : see, look; perceive : | : adjective | ||
; sel : living space : | : sak- | ||
; sel- : take, grab : | : GI | ||
; selj- : hunt : | |||
; selp : butter; grease, fat : | ; sak | ||
; sem : together : | : rite | ||
; sema : summer : | : noun | ||
; sen : summer and fall : | : sak- | ||
; sengw- : sing : | : GI | ||
; seno : old : | |||
; sep- : bury : | ; sak- | ||
; septim : 7 : | : sanctify | ||
; ser- : protect : | : verb | ||
; serk- : compensate a loss : | : sak- | ||
; serp : sickle, implement for harvesting : | : GI | ||
; serw- : take plunder : | |||
; seu- : wring, squeeze out (liquid); press (juice); chase out : | ; sak- | ||
; seur : urine : | : set apart; sanctify | ||
; sewi- : give birth : | : verb | ||
; sezh- : win, triumph : | : sak- | ||
; shaiso : spear : | : 878 | ||
; shan- : yawn : | |||
; shans : bird; goose : | ; sal | ||
; shee- : yawn : | : salt | ||
; sheem : winter : | : noun | ||
; shel : gall, bile : | : sal- (se2l-) | ||
; shel : yellow (metal) : | : 878 | ||
; shem : person, human being : | |||
; sher- : fence in; encircle, surround : | ; samlu | ||
; shers : grain; barley : | : tree: apple | ||
; shes : yesterday : | : noun | ||
; shesir : hand : | : (s)amlu- | ||
; sheslo : 1000 : | : GI | ||
; shleu : green : | |||
; shokolat : chocolate : | ; saus | ||
; shorna : gut : | : dry | ||
; shorto : enclosure : | : adjective | ||
; shuu, dezhu : fish : | : saus-/sus- | ||
; shwer : wild animals : | : GI | ||
; sinjo : lion : | |||
; skei- : divide, separate : | ; sawel | ||
; skep- : split with a tool : | : sun | ||
; sker : crooked : | : noun | ||
; sker- : carve, shear, cut; shave : | : sawel- (so2wL) | ||
; sker/n- : feces; manure : | : 881 | ||
; skeu- : cut, divide, scratch : | |||
; slee : slick : | ; sed- | ||
; sleeb- : slip : | : set | ||
; sleedh- : slide : | : verb | ||
; sme : very : | : sed- | ||
; smee- : smear : | : 884 | ||
; smekir : chin : | |||
; smer- : remember : | ; sed- swe | ||
; smeru : grease, fat : | : sit | ||
; snaa- : swim : | : verb | ||
; snee- : spin (yarn) : | : sed- | ||
; sneewir/n- : bowstring; tendon, sinew : | : 884 | ||
; sner- : snore : | |||
; sneuv : marriage; bride : | ; see- | ||
; sneuv- : marry, take as wife : | : sow; press into the ground | ||
; snighu/w- : snow : | : verb | ||
; snuso : daughter-in-law : | : se:(i)- (se1-) | ||
; so : 3s : | : 889 | ||
; sokto- : guard, take care of (a sick person) : | |||
; solu/w- : health : | ; see- | ||
; som : one : | : tie, bind, twist | ||
; somen : song, singing : | : verb | ||
; | : seh(i)- | ||
; spelsh : spleen : | : GI | ||
; spen- : spin : | |||
; spend- : perform a libation, sprinkle : | ; see-men | ||
; speno : breast : | : seed, semen | ||
; sperg : bird; sparrow, starling : | : noun | ||
; spiko : bird; woodpecker : | : seh(i)-men- | ||
; spingo : bird; small bird; finch : | : GI | ||
; splei- : split (tr) : | |||
; splei- swe : split (refl) : | ; seemi | ||
; spreg- : talk (impromptu activity) : | : 1/2 | ||
; spyeu- : spit : | : numeral | ||
; sreu- : flow, stream : | : se:m-i- | ||
; sreu-men : stream : | : 903 | ||
; sreu-to : stream : | |||
; sriig- : cold, freeze : | ; seku/w- | ||
; staa- : stand (tr) : | : eye, view | ||
; staa- swe : stand (refl) : | : noun | ||
; stai : thief : | : se/okʷ- | ||
; stai- : rob, steal; conceal : | : GI | ||
; steb : stem, trunk : | |||
; steeg : sharp, sharpened : | ; sekw- | ||
; steeg- : stab : | : follow | ||
; stel- : place : | : verb | ||
; stemp : dull : | : se/okʷ- | ||
; sten- : thunder : | : GI | ||
; steno : breast : | |||
; ster : star : | ; sekw- | ||
; ster- : steal : | : notice | ||
; sterg- : be sick : | : verb | ||
; steud- : push, shove : | : se3- | ||
; steuro : steer : | : 897 | ||
; streu- : scatter : | |||
; su : good : | ; sekw- | ||
; su : pig : | : see, look; perceive | ||
; sunu : son : | : verb | ||
; suu : rain : | : sekʷ- | ||
; suuro : sour : | : 897 | ||
; swa- : rain : | |||
; swaad : sugar : | ; sel | ||
; swaad : sweet : | : living space | ||
; swe- : reflexive : | : noun | ||
; swe-dhu : daughter-in-law : | : sel- | ||
; swe-ma : mother-in-law : | : GI | ||
; swe-pa : father-in-law : | |||
; swe-su : son-in-law : | ; sel- | ||
; swe-swe : sister-in-law : | : take, grab | ||
; swe-vra : brother-in-law : | : verb | ||
; swekru-dhugater : daughter-in-law : | : sel- | ||
; swekru-maater : mother-in-law : | : 899 | ||
; swekru-pater : father-in-law : | |||
; swekru-sunu : son-in-law : | ; selj- | ||
; swekru-swesor : sister-in-law : | : hunt | ||
; swekru-vraater : brother-in-law : | : verb | ||
; sweks : 6 : | : selj- | ||
; swelik : tree; willow : | : GI | ||
; swelk : furrow : | |||
; swen-to : strong, healthy : | ; selp | ||
; swep- : sleep : | : butter; grease, fat | ||
; swer : dark color : | : noun | ||
; swer : pole : | : selp- | ||
; swesor : sister : | : 901 | ||
; sweth : custom : | |||
; syuu- : sew : | ; sem | ||
: together | |||
: adjective | |||
: sem- | |||
: 902 | |||
; sema | |||
: summer | |||
: noun | |||
: sema:- | |||
: 905 | |||
; sen | |||
: summer and fall | |||
: noun | |||
: sen- | |||
: GI | |||
; sengw- | |||
: sing | |||
: verb | |||
: sengʷ- | |||
: 906 | |||
; seno | |||
: old | |||
: adjective | |||
: sen(o)- | |||
: 906 | |||
; sep- | |||
: bury | |||
: verb | |||
: sep- | |||
: GI | |||
; septim | |||
: 7 | |||
: numeral | |||
: septM | |||
: 909 | |||
; ser- | |||
: protect | |||
: verb | |||
: ser- | |||
: 910 | |||
; serk- | |||
: compensate a loss | |||
: verb | |||
: serk- | |||
: GI | |||
; serp | |||
: sickle, implement for harvesting | |||
: noun | |||
: serp- | |||
: GI | |||
; serw- | |||
: take plunder | |||
: verb | |||
: se/orw- | |||
: GI | |||
; seu- | |||
: wring, squeeze out (liquid); press (juice); chase out | |||
: verb | |||
: seu- ~ su- | |||
: GI | |||
; seur | |||
: urine | |||
: noun | |||
: sehur | |||
: GI | |||
; sewi- | |||
: give birth | |||
: verb | |||
: seuh- ~ suh- | |||
: GI | |||
; sezh- | |||
: win, triumph | |||
: verb | |||
: sejʰ- | |||
: 888 | |||
; shaiso | |||
: spear | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰaiso- | |||
: 410 | |||
; shan- | |||
: yawn | |||
: verb | |||
: jʰan- | |||
: 411 | |||
; shans | |||
: bird; goose | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰan-s- | |||
: 412 | |||
; shee- | |||
: yawn | |||
: verb | |||
: jʰe:- | |||
: 419 | |||
; sheem | |||
: winter | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰei- (jʰeim-) | |||
: 425 | |||
; shel | |||
: gall, bile | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰel- | |||
: 429 | |||
; shel | |||
: yellow (metal) | |||
: adjective | |||
: jʰel- | |||
: 429 | |||
; shem | |||
: person, human being | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰdʰem- (dejʰo:m) | |||
: 414 | |||
; sher- | |||
: fence in; encircle, surround | |||
: verb | |||
: jʰer- | |||
: 442 | |||
; shers | |||
: grain; barley | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰers- | |||
: 446 | |||
; shes | |||
: yesterday | |||
: adverb | |||
: jʰdʰyés | |||
: 416 | |||
; shesir | |||
: hand | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰesor- (jʰesR-) | |||
: 447 | |||
; sheslo | |||
: 1000 | |||
: numeral | |||
: jʰéslo- | |||
: 446 | |||
; shleu | |||
: green | |||
: adjective | |||
: jʰleu- | |||
: 433 | |||
; shokolat | |||
: chocolate | |||
: noun | |||
: < Nahuatl ʰxocolatlʰ | |||
: IW | |||
; shorna | |||
: gut | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰor-na: | |||
: 443 | |||
; shorto | |||
: enclosure | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰor-to-s | |||
: 442 | |||
; shuu, dezhu | |||
: fish | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰdʰu:- (djʰuh-s) | |||
: 414 | |||
; shwer | |||
: wild animals | |||
: noun | |||
: jʰwer- | |||
: GI | |||
; sinjo | |||
: lion | |||
: noun | |||
: sinjʰo- | |||
: GI | |||
; skei- | |||
: divide, separate | |||
: verb | |||
: skei- | |||
: 919 | |||
; skep- | |||
: split with a tool | |||
: verb | |||
: (s)kep- | |||
: 930 | |||
; sker | |||
: crooked | |||
: adjective | |||
: | |||
: | |||
; sker- | |||
: carve, shear, cut; shave | |||
: verb | |||
: sker- | |||
: 938 | |||
; sker/n- | |||
: feces; manure | |||
: noun | |||
: scer/n-(d-) | |||
: GI | |||
; skeu- | |||
: cut, divide, scratch | |||
: verb | |||
: ske:u- | |||
: 954 | |||
; slee | |||
: slick | |||
: adjective | |||
: slei- | |||
: 662 | |||
; sleeb- | |||
: slip | |||
: verb | |||
: (s)leib- | |||
: 663 | |||
; sleedh- | |||
: slide | |||
: verb | |||
: sleidʰ- | |||
: 960 | |||
; sme | |||
: very | |||
: adverb | |||
: sme | |||
: 966 | |||
; smee- | |||
: smear | |||
: verb | |||
: sme:- | |||
: 966 | |||
; smekir | |||
: chin | |||
: noun | |||
: smekr- | |||
: GI | |||
; smer- | |||
: remember | |||
: verb | |||
: (s)mer- | |||
: 969 | |||
; smeru | |||
: grease, fat | |||
: noun | |||
: smeru- | |||
: 970 | |||
; snaa- | |||
: swim | |||
: verb | |||
: sna:- (sne2-) | |||
: 971 | |||
; snee- | |||
: spin (yarn) | |||
: verb | |||
: sneh-(i/u-) | |||
: GI | |||
; sneewir/n- | |||
: bowstring; tendon, sinew | |||
: noun | |||
: sne:w-(e)r- (sne1wR) | |||
: 977 | |||
; sner- | |||
: snore | |||
: verb | |||
: sner- | |||
: AHD | |||
; sneuv | |||
: marriage; bride | |||
: noun | |||
: (s)neubʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; sneuv- | |||
: marry, take as wife | |||
: verb | |||
: sneubʰ- | |||
: 977 | |||
; snighu/w- | |||
: snow | |||
: noun | |||
: snigʰʷ- | |||
: 974 | |||
; snuso | |||
: daughter-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: snuso-s | |||
: 978 | |||
; so | |||
: 3s | |||
: pronoun | |||
: so | |||
: 978 | |||
; sokto- | |||
: guard, take care of (a sick person) | |||
: verb | |||
: sokto- | |||
: GI | |||
; solu/w- | |||
: health | |||
: noun | |||
: sol-(w-) | |||
: GI | |||
; som | |||
: one | |||
: numeral | |||
: se/om- | |||
: GI | |||
; somen | |||
: song, singing | |||
: noun | |||
: shomen- | |||
: GI | |||
; -sor | |||
: woman | |||
: suffix | |||
: sor | |||
: GI | |||
; sorw- | |||
: take plunder | |||
: verb | |||
: se/orw- | |||
: GI | |||
; spelsh | |||
: spleen | |||
: noun | |||
: speljʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; spen- | |||
: spin | |||
: verb | |||
: (s)pen-(d-) | |||
: 988 | |||
; spend- | |||
: perform a libation, sprinkle | |||
: verb | |||
: spend- | |||
: GI | |||
; speno | |||
: breast | |||
: noun | |||
: speno- (psteno-s) | |||
: 990 | |||
; sperg | |||
: bird; sparrow, starling | |||
: noun | |||
: sper-g- | |||
: GI | |||
; spiko | |||
: bird; woodpecker | |||
: noun | |||
: (s)piko- | |||
: GI | |||
; spingo | |||
: bird; small bird; finch | |||
: noun | |||
: (s)pingo- | |||
: GI | |||
; splei- | |||
: split (tr) | |||
: verb | |||
: splei- | |||
: 1000 | |||
; splei- swe | |||
: split (refl) | |||
: verb | |||
: splei- | |||
: 1000 | |||
; spreg- | |||
: talk (impromptu activity) | |||
: verb | |||
: (s)p(h)re:g- | |||
: 996 | |||
; spyeu- | |||
: spit | |||
: verb | |||
: (s)p(h)ye:u- | |||
: 999 | |||
; sreu- | |||
: flow, stream | |||
: verb | |||
: sreu- | |||
: 1003 | |||
; sreu-men | |||
: stream | |||
: noun | |||
: sreu-men- | |||
: 1003 | |||
; sreu-to | |||
: stream | |||
: noun | |||
: sreu-to- | |||
: 1003 | |||
; sriig- | |||
: cold, freeze | |||
: verb | |||
: sriig- | |||
: GI | |||
; staa- | |||
: stand (tr) | |||
: verb | |||
: sta:- (sta2-) | |||
: 1004 | |||
; staa- swe | |||
: stand (refl) | |||
: verb | |||
: sta:- (sta2-) | |||
: 1004 | |||
; stai | |||
: thief | |||
: noun | |||
: (s)tahi- | |||
: GI | |||
; stai- | |||
: rob, steal; conceal | |||
: verb | |||
: (s)tahi- | |||
: GI | |||
; steb | |||
: stem, trunk | |||
: noun | |||
: steb(ʰ) | |||
: 1011 | |||
; steeg | |||
: sharp, sharpened | |||
: adjective | |||
: (s)teig- | |||
: GI | |||
; steeg- | |||
: stab | |||
: verb | |||
: (s)teig- | |||
: GI | |||
; stel- | |||
: place | |||
: verb | |||
: stel- | |||
: 1019 | |||
; stemp | |||
: dull | |||
: adjective | |||
: | |||
: | |||
; sten- | |||
: thunder | |||
: verb | |||
: (s)ten- | |||
: 1021 | |||
; steno | |||
: breast | |||
: noun | |||
: steno- (psteno-s) | |||
: 990 | |||
; ster | |||
: star | |||
: noun | |||
: ster- (2ste:r) | |||
: 1027 | |||
; ster- | |||
: steal | |||
: verb | |||
: ster- | |||
: 1028 | |||
; sterg- | |||
: be sick | |||
: verb | |||
: s(t)erg- | |||
: GI | |||
; steud- | |||
: push, shove | |||
: verb | |||
: steud- | |||
: 1033 | |||
; steuro | |||
: steer | |||
: noun | |||
: steu-ro- | |||
: 1010 | |||
; streu- | |||
: scatter | |||
: verb | |||
: | |||
: | |||
; su | |||
: good | |||
: adjective | |||
: wesu-/su- | |||
: GI | |||
; su | |||
: pig | |||
: noun | |||
: su-s | |||
: 1038 | |||
; sunu | |||
: son | |||
: noun | |||
: sunu-s | |||
: 913 | |||
; suu | |||
: rain | |||
: noun | |||
: su2- | |||
: R | |||
; suuro | |||
: sour | |||
: adjective | |||
: su:-ro- | |||
: 1039 | |||
; swa- | |||
: rain | |||
: verb | |||
: su2- | |||
: R | |||
; swaad | |||
: sugar | |||
: noun | |||
: swa:d- | |||
: 1039 | |||
; swaad | |||
: sweet | |||
: adjective | |||
: swa:d- | |||
: 1039 | |||
; swe- | |||
: reflexive | |||
: pronoun | |||
: sʷe- | |||
: GI | |||
; swe-dhu | |||
: daughter-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: swe-lo- | |||
: 1046 | |||
; swe-ma | |||
: mother-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: swe-lo- | |||
: 1046 | |||
; swe-pa | |||
: father-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: swe-lo- | |||
: 1046 | |||
; swe-su | |||
: son-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: swe-lo- | |||
: 1046 | |||
; swe-swe | |||
: sister-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: swe-lo- | |||
: 1046 | |||
; swe-vra | |||
: brother-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: swe-lo- | |||
: 1046 | |||
; swekru-dhugater | |||
: daughter-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: swekru- | |||
: 1043 | |||
; swekru-maater | |||
: mother-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: swekru- | |||
: 1043 | |||
; swekru-pater | |||
: father-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: swekru- | |||
: 1043 | |||
; swekru-sunu | |||
: son-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: swekru- | |||
: 1043 | |||
; swekru-swesor | |||
: sister-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: swekru- | |||
: 1043 | |||
; swekru-vraater | |||
: brother-in-law | |||
: noun | |||
: swekru- | |||
: 1043 | |||
; sweks | |||
: 6 | |||
: numeral | |||
: swecs | |||
: 1044 | |||
; swelik | |||
: tree; willow | |||
: noun | |||
: weli-ka: (swVlyk) | |||
: 1140 | |||
; swelk | |||
: furrow | |||
: noun | |||
: swelk- | |||
: GI | |||
; swen-to | |||
: strong, healthy | |||
: adjective | |||
: swen-to- | |||
: GI | |||
; swep- | |||
: sleep | |||
: verb | |||
: swep- | |||
: 1048 | |||
; swer | |||
: dark color | |||
: adjective | |||
: sʷer- | |||
: GI | |||
; swer | |||
: pole | |||
: noun | |||
: swer- | |||
: 1050 | |||
; swesor | |||
: sister | |||
: noun | |||
: swesor- (sueso:r) | |||
: 1051 | |||
; sweth | |||
: custom | |||
: noun | |||
: swedʰ- | |||
: 883 | |||
; syuu- | |||
: sew | |||
: verb | |||
: syu: (syuh-) | |||
: 915 | |||
==T== | ==T== | ||
; ta : that : | ; ta | ||
; taa- : melt : | : that | ||
; tauro : aurochs; bull, wild bull : | : pronoun | ||
; te : 2s(o) : | : to- | ||
; te : this : | : 1086 | ||
; tek : child : | |||
; teks- : compose poetry : | ; taa- | ||
; teks- : prepare, weave, braid, work (material), mold : | : melt | ||
; tekw- : run, flow, rush along : | : verb | ||
; tem : dirty : | : ta:- (ta2-) | ||
; ten- : stretch : | : 1053 | ||
; tenu : thin : | |||
; tep : warmth, heat, blaze : | ; tauro | ||
; ter- : conquer, overcome : | : aurochs; bull, wild bull | ||
; ter- : rub, polish, abrade; drill, bore hole : | : noun | ||
; terk- : twist : | : thuro-s (te2uros) | ||
; ters : dry : | : 1083 | ||
; ters : dry : | |||
; teter : black grouse (?) : | ; te | ||
; teu-t-ono : leader of a people : | : 2s(o) | ||
; teu-ta : tribe, people; society : | : pronoun | ||
; thanu : tree; pine, fir : | : te | ||
; the- : put, place : | : 1097 | ||
; the- cherdom : believe (lit: ʰplace (one’s) heart’) : | |||
; the- chlewom : acquire glory, fame : | ; te | ||
; the- nomenom : establish a name; give a name : | : this | ||
; thee- : suck; suckle, nurse, give milk : | : pronoun | ||
; theem : pertaining to the ritual establishment : | : to- | ||
; thees : holy : | : 1086 | ||
; theesh : clay; material for pottery : | |||
; theezh- : mix clay, mold : | ; tek | ||
; theghw- : burn (intr); be angry : | : child | ||
; then- : flow (of water) : | : noun | ||
; theu- : disappear, die (from dʰeu- ʰexhale’) : | : tʰekʰ- | ||
; theub : deep : | : GI | ||
; theugh- : squeeze, give milk : | |||
; theun : settlement on a hill : | ; teks- | ||
; theus : asphyxia, breath, breathing; soul : | : compose poetry | ||
; theus- : blow, exhale, gasp : | : verb | ||
; thev(-u) : small : | : tecs- | ||
; thregh- : run : | : GI | ||
; threu- : run, flow : | |||
; threukh : friend; comrade (at arms) : | ; teks- | ||
; thrikh : hair : | : prepare, weave, braid, work (material), mold | ||
; thugater : daughter : | : verb | ||
; thur : harness : | : tecs- | ||
; thur- : harness : | : GI | ||
; thuumo : smoke : | |||
; thwer : door : | ; tekw- | ||
; to : 3p : | : run, flow, rush along | ||
; to : yonder : | : verb | ||
; tree : 3 : | : tekʷ- | ||
; tree-dechim : 30 : | : 1059 | ||
; tree-pel : triple : | |||
; tu : 2s(s) : | ; tem | ||
; twako : skin : | : dirty | ||
; twek : body; body part; membrane, skin : | : adjective | ||
: tem(h)- | |||
: 1063 | |||
; ten- | |||
: stretch | |||
: verb | |||
: ten- | |||
: 1065 | |||
; tenu | |||
: thin | |||
: adjective | |||
: tenu-s | |||
: 1069 | |||
; tep | |||
: warmth, heat, blaze | |||
: noun | |||
: tep- | |||
: GI | |||
; ter- | |||
: conquer, overcome | |||
: verb | |||
: terh- ~ tRh- | |||
: GI | |||
; ter- | |||
: rub, polish, abrade; drill, bore hole | |||
: verb | |||
: ter- | |||
: GI | |||
; terk- | |||
: twist | |||
: verb | |||
: terk- | |||
: 1077 | |||
; ters | |||
: dry | |||
: adjective | |||
: ters- | |||
: 1078 | |||
; ters | |||
: dry | |||
: verb | |||
: ters- | |||
: 1078 | |||
; teter | |||
: black grouse (?) | |||
: noun | |||
: tet(e)r- | |||
: GI | |||
; teu-t-ono | |||
: leader of a people | |||
: noun | |||
: teu-t-ono- | |||
: GI | |||
; teu-ta | |||
: tribe, people; society | |||
: noun | |||
: teu-ta:- | |||
: 1080 | |||
; thanu | |||
: tree; pine, fir | |||
: noun | |||
: tʰanu- | |||
: 234 | |||
; the- | |||
: put, place | |||
: verb | |||
: dʰe:- (dʰe1-) | |||
: 235 | |||
; the- cherdom | |||
: believe (lit: ʰplace (one’s) heart’) | |||
: verb | |||
: cred-dʰeh- | |||
: GI | |||
; the- chlewom | |||
: acquire glory, fame | |||
: verb | |||
: clewo- dʰeh- | |||
: GI | |||
; the- nomenom | |||
: establish a name; give a name | |||
: verb | |||
: nome/on dʰeh- | |||
: GI | |||
; thee- | |||
: suck; suckle, nurse, give milk | |||
: verb | |||
: dʰe:(i)- (dʰe1-) | |||
: 241 | |||
; theem | |||
: pertaining to the ritual establishment | |||
: adjective | |||
: dʰeh-m- | |||
: GI | |||
; thees | |||
: holy | |||
: adjective | |||
: dʰe:s- (dʰe1s-) | |||
: 259 | |||
; theesh | |||
: clay; material for pottery | |||
: noun | |||
: dʰeijʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; theezh- | |||
: mix clay, mold | |||
: verb | |||
: dʰeijʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; theghw- | |||
: burn (intr); be angry | |||
: verb | |||
: dʰegʰʷ- | |||
: GI | |||
; then- | |||
: flow (of water) | |||
: verb | |||
: dʰen- | |||
: GI | |||
; theu- | |||
: disappear, die (from dʰeu- ʰexhale’) | |||
: verb | |||
: dʰeu- | |||
: GI | |||
; theub | |||
: deep | |||
: adjective | |||
: dʰeu-b- | |||
: 267 | |||
; theugh- | |||
: squeeze, give milk | |||
: verb | |||
: dʰeugʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; theun | |||
: settlement on a hill | |||
: noun | |||
: dʰeun- | |||
: GI | |||
; theus | |||
: asphyxia, breath, breathing; soul | |||
: noun | |||
: dʰeu-(h/s)- ~ dʰu-(h/s)- | |||
: GI | |||
; theus- | |||
: blow, exhale, gasp | |||
: verb | |||
: dʰeu-(h/s)- ~ dʰu-(h/s)- | |||
: GI | |||
; thev(-u) | |||
: small | |||
: adjective | |||
: dʰebʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; thregh- | |||
: run | |||
: verb | |||
: dʰregʰ- | |||
: 273 | |||
; threu- | |||
: run, flow | |||
: verb | |||
: dʰreu- | |||
: 274 | |||
; threukh | |||
: friend; comrade (at arms) | |||
: noun | |||
: dʰreugʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; thrikh | |||
: hair | |||
: noun | |||
: dʰrigʰ- | |||
: 276 | |||
; thugater | |||
: daughter | |||
: noun | |||
: dʰug(h)hter (dʰug2te:r) | |||
: 277 | |||
; thur | |||
: harness | |||
: noun | |||
: dʰur- | |||
: GI | |||
; thur- | |||
: harness | |||
: verb | |||
: dʰur- | |||
: GI | |||
; thuumo | |||
: smoke | |||
: noun | |||
: dʰu:-mo- (dʰu2mo-s) | |||
: 261 | |||
; thwer | |||
: door | |||
: noun | |||
: dʰwer- | |||
: 278 | |||
; to | |||
: 3p | |||
: pronoun | |||
: to- | |||
: 1086 | |||
; to | |||
: yonder | |||
: pronoun | |||
: to- | |||
: 1086 | |||
; tree | |||
: 3 | |||
: numeral | |||
: trei- | |||
: 1090 | |||
; tree-dechim | |||
: 30 | |||
: numeral | |||
: | |||
: | |||
; tree-pel | |||
: triple | |||
: verb | |||
: tree | |||
: 1090 | |||
; tu | |||
: 2s(s) | |||
: pronoun | |||
: tu (tuh) | |||
: 1097 | |||
; twako | |||
: skin | |||
: noun | |||
: twakos | |||
: 1099 | |||
; twek | |||
: body; body part; membrane, skin | |||
: noun | |||
: twek- | |||
: GI | |||
==U== | ==U== | ||
; udero : belly : | ; udero | ||
; udhir : weather : | : belly | ||
; uksen : bull, ox : | : noun | ||
; ulkwo : wolf : | : udero- | ||
; uper : over : | : 1104 | ||
; ut : up, out : | |||
; udhir | |||
: weather | |||
: noun | |||
: hw-dʰr- | |||
: GI | |||
; uksen | |||
: bull, ox | |||
: noun | |||
: uks-en- | |||
: 1118 | |||
; ulkwo | |||
: wolf | |||
: noun | |||
: wLkʷos | |||
: 1178 | |||
; uper | |||
: over | |||
: preposition | |||
: upér | |||
: 1105 | |||
; ut | |||
: up, out | |||
: preposition | |||
: ut | |||
: GI | |||
==W== | ==W== | ||
; waasto : empty, devastated : | ; waasto | ||
; waat : soothsayer, prophet : | : empty, devastated | ||
; waat- : be aroused or inspired to poetic creation; prophesy : | : adjective | ||
; we : 1p(s) : | : wa:sto- | ||
; we : or : | : GI | ||
; wech : village; a group of houses : | |||
; wed : wet : | ; waat | ||
; wedh- : lead away, carry off a bride (by force) : | : soothsayer, prophet | ||
; wedh- : wed : | : noun | ||
; wedir/n- : water : | : waat- | ||
; wee- : blow : | : GI | ||
; weed : wolf : | |||
; weed- : see : | ; waat- | ||
; weeno : wine : | : be aroused or inspired to poetic creation; prophesy | ||
; weewer : squirrel; small forest mammal : | : verb | ||
; weg : damp : | : waat- | ||
; weghw- : praise solemnly while making sacrifice : | : GI | ||
; wei- : chase : | |||
; wei- : twist, plait : | ; we | ||
; weku/w- : voice : | : 1p(s) | ||
; wekw- : speak, talk; compose, praise : | : pronoun | ||
; wekwos : word : | : we- | ||
; wel : pasture, meadow; dwelling of the dead : | : 1114 | ||
; wel- : wish : | |||
; wem- : vomit : | ; we | ||
; wend- : weave, plait : | : or | ||
; went : wind : | : conjunction | ||
; wer : heather : | : we- | ||
; wer- : burn : | : 75 | ||
; wer- : defend (oneself), save (oneself), protect (oneself) : | |||
; wer- : find : | ; wech | ||
; wer- : look, pay attention; to be careful : | : village; a group of houses | ||
; wer- : turn away : | : noun | ||
; werg- : serve : | : we/oc- | ||
; werj- : make : | : GI | ||
; wern : tree: alder, poplar; log, beam, mast : | |||
; wers- : pour, spill : | ; wed | ||
; wersen : bull (originally ʰpouring forth semen’) : | : wet | ||
; wert : wheel, circle; cart : | : adjective | ||
; wert- : rotate, turn : | : wed- | ||
; wes- : be, exist, become (animate) : | : AHD | ||
; wes- : clothe oneself : | |||
; wes- : dress : | ; wedh- | ||
; wes- : dwell, stay : | : lead away, carry off a bride (by force) | ||
; wes- : wear : | : verb | ||
; wesir/n- : spring and summer : | : hwedʰ-(mno-) | ||
; wesno : price, trade, value : | : GI | ||
; wesperos : evening : | |||
; wesperos : west : | ; wedh- | ||
; wester : shepherd, herder : | : wed | ||
; wesu : good : | : verb | ||
; wet : year : | : wedʰ- | ||
; weto : old : | : 1115 | ||
; wev- : braid, tie, twist, weave : | |||
; wezh- : ride, carry (in a vehicle) : | ; wedir/n- | ||
; wezh-o : cart, wagon : | : water | ||
; wi : twice : | : noun | ||
; wich : household; village : | : wed-(r/n-t-) ~ ud-(r/n-t-) | ||
; wichimti : 20 : | : GI | ||
; wichimti-oyno : 21 : | |||
; widheu : widow : | ; wee- | ||
; wiis : power : | : blow | ||
; wiis-wo : powerful : | : verb | ||
; wiks : mistletoe : | : we:- (2we1-) | ||
; wilkwos : wolf : | : 81 | ||
; wilna : wool : | |||
; wilp : wolf : | ; weed | ||
; wir : people : | : wolf | ||
; wirmo : worm : | : noun | ||
; wiro : man : | : weid-(n)- | ||
; wirsen : male : | : GI | ||
; wobsa : wasp : | |||
; wodir : water : | ; weed- | ||
; woghwoni : plow : | : see | ||
; woid- : know, understand : | : verb | ||
; wos : 2p(o) : | : weid- | ||
; wos- : buy, sell : | : 1125 | ||
; weeno | |||
: wine | |||
: noun | |||
: w(e/o)ino- | |||
: GI | |||
; weewer | |||
: squirrel; small forest mammal | |||
: noun | |||
: we(i)wer- | |||
: GI | |||
; weg | |||
: damp | |||
: adjective | |||
: | |||
: | |||
; weghw- | |||
: praise solemnly while making sacrifice | |||
: verb | |||
: heugʰʷ- ~ hwegʰʷ- | |||
: GI | |||
; wei- | |||
: chase | |||
: verb | |||
: wei- (wey1-) | |||
: 1123 | |||
; wei- | |||
: twist, plait | |||
: verb | |||
: wei- | |||
: GI | |||
; weku/w- | |||
: voice | |||
: noun | |||
: hwekʷ- | |||
: GI | |||
; wekw- | |||
: speak, talk; compose, praise | |||
: verb | |||
: wekʷ- | |||
: 1135 | |||
; wekwos | |||
: word | |||
: noun | |||
: wekʷos- | |||
: 1135 | |||
; wel | |||
: pasture, meadow; dwelling of the dead | |||
: noun | |||
: wel | |||
: GI | |||
; wel- | |||
: wish | |||
: verb | |||
: wel- | |||
: 1137 | |||
; wem- | |||
: vomit | |||
: verb | |||
: wem- | |||
: 1146 | |||
; wend- | |||
: weave, plait | |||
: verb | |||
: wendʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; went | |||
: wind | |||
: noun | |||
: hwent- | |||
: GI | |||
; wer | |||
: heather | |||
: noun | |||
: wer- | |||
: GI | |||
; wer- | |||
: burn | |||
: verb | |||
: wer- | |||
: GI | |||
; wer- | |||
: defend (oneself), save (oneself), protect (oneself) | |||
: verb | |||
: wer- | |||
: GI | |||
; wer- | |||
: find | |||
: verb | |||
: wer- (wer1-) | |||
: 1160 | |||
; wer- | |||
: look, pay attention; to be careful | |||
: verb | |||
: wer- | |||
: GI | |||
; wer- | |||
: turn away | |||
: verb | |||
: wer- | |||
: 1152 | |||
; werg- | |||
: serve | |||
: verb | |||
: wwerg- | |||
: AHD | |||
; werj- | |||
: make | |||
: verb | |||
: werj- | |||
: 1168 | |||
; wern | |||
: tree: alder, poplar; log, beam, mast | |||
: noun | |||
: wer-n- | |||
: GI | |||
; wers- | |||
: pour, spill | |||
: verb | |||
: wers- | |||
: GI | |||
; wersen | |||
: bull (originally ʰpouring forth semen’) | |||
: noun | |||
: wers-en- ~ wRs-en- | |||
: GI | |||
; wert | |||
: wheel, circle; cart | |||
: noun | |||
: hwer-t- ~ hwer-jʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; wert- | |||
: rotate, turn | |||
: verb | |||
: hwer-t- ~ hwer-jʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; wes- | |||
: be, exist, become (animate) | |||
: verb | |||
: hwes- | |||
: GI | |||
; wes- | |||
: clothe oneself | |||
: verb | |||
: wes- | |||
: 1172 | |||
; wes- | |||
: dress | |||
: verb | |||
: wes- | |||
: GI | |||
; wes- | |||
: dwell, stay | |||
: verb | |||
: (a)wes- (2wes-) | |||
: 72, 1170 | |||
; wes- | |||
: wear | |||
: verb | |||
: wes- | |||
: 1172 | |||
; wesir/n- | |||
: spring and summer | |||
: noun | |||
: wesr-/n- | |||
: GI | |||
; wesno | |||
: price, trade, value | |||
: noun | |||
: ues-no- | |||
: 1173 | |||
; wesperos | |||
: evening | |||
: noun | |||
: wesperos | |||
: 1173 | |||
; wesperos | |||
: west | |||
: noun | |||
: wesperos | |||
: 1173 | |||
; wester | |||
: shepherd, herder | |||
: noun | |||
: wes-ter- | |||
: GI | |||
; wesu | |||
: good | |||
: adjective | |||
: wesu- | |||
: 1174 | |||
; wet | |||
: year | |||
: noun | |||
: wet- | |||
: 1175 | |||
; weto | |||
: old | |||
: adjective | |||
: weto- | |||
: GI | |||
; wev- | |||
: braid, tie, twist, weave | |||
: verb | |||
: webʰ- | |||
: 1114 | |||
; wezh- | |||
: ride, carry (in a vehicle) | |||
: verb | |||
: wejʰ- | |||
: 1118 | |||
; wezh-o | |||
: cart, wagon | |||
: noun | |||
: wejʰ-o- | |||
: GI | |||
; wi | |||
: twice | |||
: numeral | |||
: wi- | |||
: 1176 | |||
; wich | |||
: household; village | |||
: noun | |||
: uic- | |||
: 1131 | |||
; wichimti | |||
: 20 | |||
: numeral | |||
: wi-cMt-í (wícMti1) | |||
: 1177 | |||
; wichimti-oyno | |||
: 21 | |||
: numeral | |||
: | |||
: | |||
; widheu | |||
: widow | |||
: noun | |||
: widʰewa: (widʰeu-) | |||
: 1127 | |||
; wiis | |||
: power | |||
: noun | |||
: wís- (wihs) | |||
: 1123 | |||
; wiis-wo | |||
: powerful | |||
: adjective | |||
: wís- (wihs) | |||
: 1123 | |||
; wiks | |||
: mistletoe | |||
: noun | |||
: wiks- | |||
: GI | |||
; wilkwos | |||
: wolf | |||
: noun | |||
: wLkʷos | |||
: 1178 | |||
; wilna | |||
: wool | |||
: noun | |||
: wL-na:- | |||
: 1139 | |||
; wilp | |||
: wolf | |||
: noun | |||
: wLp- | |||
: GI | |||
; wir | |||
: people | |||
: noun | |||
: wir | |||
: GI | |||
; wirmo | |||
: worm | |||
: noun | |||
: wRmi- ~ wRmo- | |||
: GI | |||
; wiro | |||
: man | |||
: noun | |||
: wiro-s (uihro-) | |||
: 1177 | |||
; wirsen | |||
: male | |||
: adjective | |||
: wRsen- | |||
: 81 | |||
; wobsa | |||
: wasp | |||
: noun | |||
: wobʰsaa- | |||
: GI | |||
; wodir | |||
: water | |||
: noun | |||
: wedo:r (wodR) | |||
: 78 | |||
; woghwoni | |||
: plow | |||
: verb | |||
: wogʰʷoni- | |||
: GI | |||
; woid- | |||
: know, understand | |||
: verb | |||
: woid- | |||
: 1125 | |||
; wos | |||
: 2p(o) | |||
: pronoun | |||
: wos- | |||
: 513 | |||
; wos- | |||
: buy, sell | |||
: verb | |||
: we/os-(n-) | |||
: GI | |||
==Y== | ==Y== | ||
; yaa- : ride, travel; journey : | ; yaa- | ||
; yaam : already : | : ride, travel; journey | ||
; yeek- : do : | : verb | ||
; yeek- : treat, cure : | : yah- | ||
; yeg : cold, ice : | : GI | ||
; yekwir/n- : liver : | |||
; yeniter : husbandʰs brother’s wife : | ; yaam | ||
; yeu : young : | : already | ||
; yeu- : bind, yoke; wed : | : adverb | ||
; yev : elephant; ivory : | : ya:m | ||
; yev- : copulate : | : 285 | ||
; yewo : establishment, ritual rule, ritual norm : | |||
; yewo : grain; barley : | ; yeek- | ||
; yewo : grain; wheat : | : do | ||
; yewos : law : | : verb | ||
; yos- : gird (oneself) : | : ye:k- | ||
; yos-men : belt : | : 502 | ||
; yu : 2p(s) : | |||
; yugom : yoke : | ; yeek- | ||
; yuus : (meat) soup, broth : | : treat, cure | ||
: verb | |||
: yehk- ~ yHk- | |||
: GI | |||
; yeg | |||
: cold, ice | |||
: noun | |||
: yeg- | |||
: 503 | |||
; yekwir/n- | |||
: liver | |||
: noun | |||
: yekʷ-R | |||
: 504 | |||
; yeniter | |||
: husbandʰs brother’s wife | |||
: noun | |||
: (y)enHter- | |||
: GI | |||
; yeu | |||
: young | |||
: adjective | |||
: yeu- | |||
: 510 | |||
; yeu- | |||
: bind, yoke; wed | |||
: verb | |||
: yeu-g- | |||
: 508 | |||
; yev | |||
: elephant; ivory | |||
: noun | |||
: yebʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; yev- | |||
: copulate | |||
: verb | |||
: eibʰ- ~ yebʰ- | |||
: GI | |||
; yewo | |||
: establishment, ritual rule, ritual norm | |||
: noun | |||
: yewo- | |||
: GI | |||
; yewo | |||
: grain; barley | |||
: noun | |||
: yewo- | |||
: 512 | |||
; yewo | |||
: grain; wheat | |||
: noun | |||
: yewo ((h)ieu-) | |||
: 512 | |||
; yewos | |||
: law | |||
: noun | |||
: yewos- | |||
: 512 | |||
; yos- | |||
: gird (oneself) | |||
: verb | |||
: (h)ie3s | |||
: B | |||
; yos-men | |||
: belt | |||
: noun | |||
: yo:s-men- (yo3s-) | |||
: 513 | |||
; yu | |||
: 2p(s) | |||
: pronoun | |||
: yu- (yuh) | |||
: 513 | |||
; yugom | |||
: yoke | |||
: noun | |||
: yukʰom | |||
: GI | |||
; yuus | |||
: (meat) soup, broth | |||
: noun | |||
: yu:s- (yuhs) | |||
: 507 | |||
==Index== | |||
{{Shemspreg Index}} | |||
[[Category:Shemspreg]] |
Latest revision as of 07:08, 23 May 2018
The entries have the following structure:
- Shemspreg
- English gloss
- Part of speech
- Etymological form
- Source (numbers refer to Pokorny 1959; GI is Gamqrelidze and Ivanov's Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans, and IW marks an international word)
A - B - CH - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - R - S - T - U - V - W - Y - Index
A
- aamer
- day
- noun
- a:mer-
- 35
- aano
- ring, anus
- noun
- a:no-
- 47
- aazh-
- desire, need
- verb
- a:(i)jʰ-
- 14
- ab
- river, current, stream
- noun
- ab-
- 1
- abalo-no
- tree; apple tree
- noun
- abalo-no-
- GI
- abel
- tree; apple
- noun
- abel- (2ebo:l)
- 1
- ach
- sharp
- adjective
- ac-
- 18
- achmo
- stone
- noun
- acmo- (2acmo:)
- 19
- ad
- at; to, by
- preposition
- ad-
- 3
- ad
- grain
- noun
- had-
- GI
- ades
- grain; spelt
- noun
- ades-
- 3
- adro
- canal, river
- noun
- ad-ro-
- 4
- aghuno
- lamb
- noun
- agʰʷ-no-s
- 9
- aich
- spear
- noun
- aic-
- 15
- aidh-
- burn, shine
- verb
- ai-dʰ-
- 11
- aig
- tree; oak
- noun
- aig-
- 13
- aig-
- swing
- verb
- aig-
- 13
- aig- swe
- swing (refl)
- verb
- aig-
- 13
- aighw-
- be ashamed
- verb
- aigʰʷ-
- 14
- aij
- goat
- noun
- aij- (2eij-)
- 13
- ais-
- wish
- verb
- ais-
- 16
- aisk
- clear, bright, shining
- adjective
- aisk-
- 16
- aj-
- drive (livestock)
- verb
- aj- (2ej-)
- 4
- aj-
- lead
- verb
- aj- (2ej-)
- 4
- ajro
- pasture; unworked field for grazing
- noun
- aj-ro-s (2ejros)
- 6
- aks
- axle
- noun
- 2ecs
- 6
- akwa
- river
- noun
- akʷa:-
- 23
- akwa
- water
- noun
- akʷa:-
- 23
- al
- white, glinting
- adjective
- al-
- 29
- alghu/w-
- value
- noun
- algʰʷ-
- 32
- alghw-
- earn
- verb
- algʰʷ-
- 32
- alisa
- tree; alder
- noun
- alisa:
- 302
- alnos
- all
- quantifier
- al-no-s
- 24
- alu
- bitter
- adjective
- alu-
- 33
- alvi
- grain; barley
- noun
- albʰi-
- 29
- alvo
- white, light colored
- adjective
- albʰo-
- 30
- alyo
- other
- adjective
- alyos-
- 25
- am
- time of ripening; harvest time
- noun
- ham-
- GI
- am-
- harvest
- verb
- ham-
- GI
- ambi
- around
- preposition
- ambʰi
- 34
- an
- grandmother
- noun
- han-
- GI
- an
- on
- preposition
- an
- 39
- an-
- breathe, inhale
- verb
- an(h)-
- 38
- anat
- bird; duck
- noun
- anht- (an2t-s)
- 41
- anata
- doorpost
- noun
- anhta: (2(e)n2t)
- 42
- aner
- man
- noun
- aner- (2ne:r)
- 765
- aner
- masculine life force, male strength; maturity
- noun
- Hner-(t)-
- GI
- ang
- joint
- noun
- ang-
- 46
- angwi
- snake, viper
- noun
- ang(ʰ)ʷi-
- 43
- ani
- breath
- noun
- anh-
- GI
- animo
- breath
- noun
- anh- (2an1mo-s)
- 38
- anj
- narrow
- adjective
- anjʰ-
- 42
- anj-
- strangle
- verb
- anjʰ- (2anjʰ-)
- 42
- anjen
- soul, breath
- noun
- anjʰen-
- 43
- anju
- narrow
- adjective
- hanjʰ-u-
- GI
- ank
- hook
- noun
- hankʰ-
- GI
- ank-
- bend
- verb
- ank-
- 45
- ans
- favorable
- adjective
- ans-
- 47
- ansu
- ghost, demon
- noun
- ansu-
- 48
- ant
- front, forehead
- noun
- ant-s
- 48
- anti
- against
- preposition
- anti
- 48
- ap-
- grasp; pluck, pick
- verb
- ap-
- 50
- apo
- from, as of
- preposition
- apo
- 53
- ar
- also
- clitic
- ar
- 62
- ar
- tree; nut
- noun
- ar-
- 61
- ar-
- fit, correspond, unite
- verb
- ar- (2ar-)
- 55
- ar-
- work land, plow
- verb
- har-
- GI
- ardi
- tip, point
- noun
- ardi-
- 63
- arimo
- arm
- noun
- arh-mo-
- 58
- arj
- white, glinting
- adjective
- ar(e)-j- (2erj-)
- 64
- arjint
- metal; silver
- noun
- ar(e)-j- (2erj-nt-)
- 64
- aru-
- plow
- verb
- ar(h)- (2er3-)
- 62
- aru-tro
- plow
- noun
- arh-trom (2er3-trom)
- 62
- aru/w-
- field
- noun
- ar(h)w- (2er3-)
- 63
- aru/w-
- freeman
- noun
- arw-
- GI
- arw-
- pray, offer prayer
- verb
- arw-
- GI
- arwa
- guts
- noun
- arwa:
- 68
- aryo
- lord, master, host
- noun
- ar(y)o-
- GI
- as
- hearth
- noun
- has-
- GI
- aster
- star
- noun
- haster-
- GI
- au
- away from
- preposition
- au-
- 72
- au-
- perceive
- verb
- au-
- 78
- aug-
- increase
- verb
- aug-
- 84
- aukh
- neck
- noun
- augʰ-
- 87
- aulo
- tube
- noun
- au-lo-s
- 88
- aus
- dawn
- noun
- (a)us-o:s (2uso:s)
- 86
- aus
- ear
- noun
- o:us- (2awsos)
- 785
- aus
- east
- noun
- (a)us-o:s (2uso:s)
- 86
- aus-
- create
- verb
- aus-
- 90
- aus-aano
- earring
- noun
- auso
- metal; gold
- noun
- auso-
- 86
- av
- sudden
- adjective
- abʰ-
- 2
- avro
- strong, violent
- adjective
- abʰro-
- 2
- awe
- bird
- noun
- awei- (2awi-s-)
- 86
- awij
- grain; oats
- noun
- awij-
- 88
- awo
- grandfather
- noun
- awo-s (2eu2os)
- 89
- ayer
- day
- noun
- aier-
- 12
- ayos
- metal
- noun
- ayos- (2eios)
- 15
- ayos
- metal; bronze, iron
- noun
- ayos
- 15
- ayu
- life; youthful life force; eternity; lifespan
- noun
- ayu-
- 17
- ayu-wo
- alive, vigorous
- adjective
- ayu-
- 17
- azher
- day
- noun
- ajʰer-
- 7
B
- banan(a)
- banana
- noun
- origin unknown
- IW
C
- cha
- there
- adverb
- co-
- 609
- chak
- branch, pole, stake
- noun
- cak-
- GI
- chas
- grey
- adjective
- cas-
- 533
- chasno
- hare
- noun
- cas-no- (chs)
- 533
- chatro
- fight
- noun
- cat(e)ro-
- 534
- che
- here
- adverb
- ce-
- 609
- che-chuk-ent
- clean
- adjective
- ceuk-
- GI
- cheeko
- grass, fodder
- noun
- ceeko-
- GI
- chel
- cold
- adjective
- cel-
- 551
- chenk-
- hang
- verb
- cenk-
- 566
- chens-
- solemnly proclaim, prescribe, announce
- verb
- cens-
- GI
- cher-wo
- bull, ox (originally ʰhorned’)
- noun
- ce/or-w-
- GI
- cherd
- heart
- noun
- cerd-
- 579
- cherisir/n-
- head
- noun
- c(e)rHs-r/n-
- GI
- ches-
- cut
- verb
- ces-
- 586
- chestro
- knife
- noun
- ces-tro-m
- 586
- cheu
- hollow
- adjective
- ceu-
- 592
- cheuk-
- clean
- verb
- ceuk-
- GI
- chimtom
- 100
- numeral
- cMtóm
- 192
- chirn
- horn
- noun
- cer- (cRn-)
- 574
- chirsen
- hornet (horned insect)
- noun
- cRs-en-
- GI
- chleu-
- hear
- verb
- cleu-
- 605
- chlewo
- glory
- noun
- clewo-
- GI
- cho
- yonder
- adverb
- co-
- 609
- cholimo
- pipe, tube
- noun
- colhmo-s
- 612
- chyee
- dark brown; dark
- adjective
- cye:-
- GI
D
- daap
- ritual food offered to the gods
- noun
- dahp-
- GI
- dachru
- tear(s)
- noun
- dacru-
- 179
- dai-
- tear up
- verb
- da:i- (da2i-)
- 175
- daiwer
- brother-in-law (husband’s brother)
- noun
- da:iwe:r (day2we:r)
- 179
- de
- of
- preposition
- de
- 181
- dechim
- 10
- numeral
- decM-t
- 191
- dechim-oyno
- 11
- numeral
- deech
- design, predestination, indication, direction, law
- noun
- deic-
- GI
- deech-
- show
- verb
- deic-
- 188
- deechtro
- finger
- noun
- deic-
- 188
- dei-
- shine
- verb
- dei-
- GI
- deks
- rightside
- adjective
- decs-
- 190
- del-
- count
- verb
- del-
- 193
- dem-
- build
- verb
- dem-
- 198
- demi-
- tame
- verb
- demh-
- GI
- dench-
- bite
- verb
- denc-
- 201
- dens
- thick
- adjective
- dens-
- 202
- der-
- remove skin, bark; flay
- verb
- der-
- 206
- derch-
- see
- verb
- derc-
- 213
- deru
- tree
- noun
- deru-
- 214
- deu-
- fit
- verb
- deu- (dew2-)
- 217
- deuk-
- pull; lead
- verb
- deuk-
- 220
- dewos
- god
- noun
- deiwo-s
- 185
- deyeu
- sky, heaven
- noun
- deyeu- (dye:w-s)
- 184
- dezhom
- dirt
- noun
- jʰdʰem- (dejʰo:m)
- 414
- dezhom
- earth, ground
- noun
- jʰdʰem- (dejʰo:m)
- 414
- dikh
- goat
- noun
- digʰ-
- GI
- dilgho
- long (duration)
- adjective
- dLgʰó- (dL1gʰo-s)
- 197
- dinju
- language
- noun
- dNjʰu:- (dNjʰwa2-s)
- 223
- dinju
- tongue
- noun
- dNjʰu:- (dNjʰwa2-s)
- 223
- diw
- day
- noun
- diw-
- 185
- diw-u
- daily
- adjective
- diw-
- 185
- diw-u-ne
- daily
- adverb
- diw-
- 185
- domo
- house, building
- noun
- do:mo- (domhos)
- 198
- domo
- tame
- adjective
- domo-s (dom2o-s)
- 199
- dont
- tooth
- noun
- (e)d-ont-
- 289
- doo-
- give (take)
- verb
- do:- (de3-)
- 223
- draa-
- run
- verb
- dra:- (dra2-)
- 204
- dru
- wood (oak)
- noun
- d(o)ru-
- GI
- dus
- bad, wrong; mistaken
- adjective
- dus-
- GI
- dwei-
- fear
- verb
- dwei-
- 227
- dwo
- 2
- numeral
- dwo: (duo-1)
- 228
- dwo-pel
- double
- verb
- dwo:
- 228
- dwoo-dechim
- 20
- numeral
- dyeu
- sky; god (esp sky or sun god)
- noun
- dyeu- ~ diw- ~ deiwo-
- GI
- dyeus-pater
- sky-father; supreme deity
- noun
- dyeu(s)-pHter-
- GI
E
- echwo
- horse
- noun
- ecwo-s (1ecuos)
- 301
- ed-
- eat
- verb
- ed- (1ed-)
- 287
- edhlo
- tree: conifer
- noun
- edʰlo-
- GI
- eek-
- own
- verb
- e:ik-
- 298
- ees
- ice
- noun
- ei-s-
- 301
- eesiro
- endowed with sacred power; sacred
- adjective
- eishro-
- GI
- egni
- fire (as an active force)
- noun
- egnis (Ngni-)
- 293
- egwer
- mountain; peak
- noun
- hegʷr- ~ hgʷe/or- ~ hgʷr
- GI
- ei-
- go
- verb
- ei- (1ei-)
- 293
- ej
- 1s(s)
- pronoun
- ej- (ej2)
- 291
- ekhs
- out
- preposition
- egʰs
- 292
- ekw-
- drink
- verb
- ekʷ-
- GI
- el-
- bend
- verb
- el-
- 307
- elch
- elk
- noun
- (e)l-c-
- GI
- elen
- fawn
- noun
- el-en- ~ el-N-
- GI
- elinbo
- doe
- noun
- el-N-bʰo-s
- GI
- elun
- tree; juniper
- noun
- el-en- (el-w-n)
- 303
- em-
- take
- verb
- 1em- (1em-)
- 310
- en
- in
- preposition
- en
- 311
- en
- year
- noun
- en-
- 314
- ench
- death, plague, fate, compulsion
- noun
- henc- ~ hnec-
- GI
- ensi
- sword
- noun
- Nsi- ~ ensi-
- GI
- enter
- between
- preposition
- enter
- 313
- enu
- without
- preposition
- enu
- 318
- epi
- beside, by
- preposition
- epi
- 323
- er-
- row
- verb
- er(e)- (1er1-)
- 338
- er-
- start
- verb
- er-
- 326
- eri
- lamb, ram
- noun
- er(i)-
- GI
- ers
- buttocks
- noun
- ers-
- 340
- es-
- be
- verb
- es-
- 340
- esen
- harvest time; summer
- noun
- (e)s-en-
- GI
- esir/n-
- blood
- noun
- es-R/n- (es2-R)
- 343
- esu
- good
- adjective
- esu-s
- 342
- eth
- needle
- noun
- edʰ
- GI
- eti
- beyond
- preposition
- eti
- 344
- eu-
- put on, pull on
- verb
- eu-
- GI
- euk-
- get used to
- verb
- euk-
- 347
- eus-
- burn, glow; cremate
- verb
- eus-
- GI
- euth
- udder
- noun
- eudʰ
- GI
- ezhi
- hedgehog
- noun
- ejʰi-
- 292
- ezhi
- snake
- noun
- ejʰi-
- 43
F
- faa-
- glint, shine
- verb
- bʰa:-
- 104
- faaghu
- forearm
- noun
- bʰa:gʰú-s
- 108
- faago
- tree; beech
- noun
- bʰa:go-s
- 107
- faazhu
- elbow; forearm
- noun
- bʰaajʰu-
- GI
- fad
- good
- adjective
- bʰad-
- 106
- fag-
- share
- verb
- bʰag-
- 107
- fago
- share, part
- noun
- bʰago-s
- 107
- fardha
- beard
- noun
- bʰardʰa:
- 110
- fares
- grain; barley
- noun
- bʰares-
- 111
- fau-
- beat
- verb
- bʰau-
- 112
- fe
- without
- preposition
- b(ʰ)e
- 112
- fedh-
- dig
- verb
- bʰe/odʰ-
- GI
- fee
- bee
- noun
- bʰei-
- 116
- feg-
- break
- verb
- bʰeg-
- 114
- fegh-
- quarrel
- verb
- bʰegʰ-
- GI
- fei-
- hit
- verb
- bʰei(h)-
- 117
- fend-
- tie
- verb
- bʰendʰ-
- 127
- fer-
- bring; carry
- verb
- bʰer-
- 128
- fer-
- work with a sharp tool
- verb
- bʰer-
- GI
- ferij
- tree; birch
- noun
- bʰerhj-
- 139
- ferij-
- shine, be bright
- verb
- bʰerhj-
- GI
- fero
- brown
- adjective
- bʰero-s
- 136
- fersh
- fortress, fortification; high mountain
- noun
- bʰ(e)rjʰ-
- GI
- fersh
- high, top
- noun
- bʰerjʰ-
- GI
- fersh
- mountain
- noun
- bʰerjʰos
- 140
- fersh
- tower
- noun
- bʰ(e)rjʰ-
- GI
- ferzh-
- rise, stand up, get up
- verb
- bʰerjʰ-
- GI
- feu-
- be, exist, become (inanimate)
- verb
- bʰeu-
- 146
- feudh-
- awaken
- verb
- bʰeudʰ-
- GI
- feug-
- bend
- verb
- bʰeug-
- 152
- finj-u
- thick, solid
- adjective
- bʰNjʰu-s
- 127
- fiver
- beaver
- noun
- bʰibʰer ~ bʰebʰer
- GI
- flaagh-men
- priest (?)
- noun
- bʰlaagʰ-men
- GI
- flaj-
- beat
- verb
- bʰlaj-
- 154
- flee-wo
- blue
- adjective
- bʰle:-wo-s
- 160
- floo
- plant
- noun
- bʰel- ~ bʰloh- ~ bʰlH
- GI
- fo
- if
- conjunction
- bʰo
- 113
- fog-
- bake
- verb
- bʰog-
- 113
- fog-achmo
- brick
- noun
- fraater
- brother
- noun
- bʰra:ter- (bʰré2t(e:)r)
- 163
- fred-
- wade
- verb
- bʰred(ʰ)-
- 164
- freej
- white, glinting
- adjective
- bʰre:j-
- 139
- freu-
- brew, ferment
- verb
- bʰrew-
- 145
- fruj-
- roast
- verb
- bʰrej- ~ bʰruj-
- GI
- fruu
- eyebrow(s)
- noun
- bʰruh-
- GI
- fujo
- goat
- noun
- bʰujo-
- GI
G
- gadu
- cat
- noun
- gad-u-
- GI
- gem
- load
- noun
- gem-
- 368
- gem-
- stuff
- verb
- gem-
- 368
- gemo
- twin
- noun
- gemo
- GI
- ger-
- crow, make noise
- verb
- ger-
- GI
- geu-
- chew
- verb
- g(y)eu-
- 400
- glakt
- milk
- noun
- glakt
- 400
- glob-u
- round
- adjective
- glob
- AHD
- gnoo-
- know
- verb
- gnoo-
- AHD
- gref
- crab
- noun
- grebʰ-
- GI
- grev-
- etch, scratch, write
- verb
- grebʰ-
- 392
- grev-
- scratch, scrape, draw
- verb
- (s)grebʰ-
- GI
- groof
- tree; hornbeam
- noun
- gro:b(ʰ)o-s
- 404
- gurau
- millstone
- noun
- gʷraau-
- GI
- gwaa-
- step
- verb
- gʷa:- (gʷa2-)
- 463
- gwee
- all living things
- noun
- gʷey-
- 467
- gwei-
- live
- verb
- gʷey-
- 467
- gwela
- acorn
- noun
- gʷla:- (gʷelh)
- 472
- gwelf
- womb; fetus, young animal
- noun
- gʷelbʰ-
- GI
- gwem-
- come
- verb
- gʷem-
- 463
- gwena
- woman; wife
- noun
- gʷena:-
- 473
- gwer
- heat, warmth
- noun
- gʰʷer-
- GI
- gwer
- heavy
- adjective
- gʷer-
- 476
- gwer-
- swallow
- verb
- gʷer- (gʷer3-)
- 474
- gweru
- heavy
- adjective
- gʷ(e)r-u-
- GI
- gwes-
- extinguish
- verb
- gʷes-
- 479
- gwey-ent
- alive, living
- adjective
- gʷey-
- 467
- gwi-wo
- alive, having life
- adjective
- gʷiwo-s
- 467
- gwolgwol
- musical instrument
- noun
- gʰolgʰol
- GI
- gwoo
- bovine; cow
- noun
- gʷou- (gʷe2us)
- 482
H
- hirth
- clan; descendant
- noun
- hRdʰ-
- GI
- hoyes
- pole
- noun
- his- ~ hoi-es- ~ hois
- GI
I
- in-
- word negation
- PFX
- N-
- 756
- in-mir-to
- immortal
- adjective
- N-mR-tó-s
- 735
- inchechuki
- unclean
- adjective
- ceuk-
- GI
- inder
- under
- preposition
- Ndʰer
- 771
- ing
- cross, surly
- adjective
- ing-
- 13
- irkso
- bear
- noun
- Rc-s-o-s
- 875
- isu
- arrow
- noun
- isu-s
- B
- iwo
- tree; yew
- noun
- (e)i-wo-
- 297
J
- jalo
- sister-in-law
- noun
- jal(ou-)
- GI
- =je
- emphasis
- clitic
- -je
- 418
- jem-
- marry (of a man)
- verb
- jem(e)-
- 369
- jemb-
- bite, tear apart, break into pieces
- verb
- jembʰ-
- 369
- jen-
- acknowledge, become aware; acknowledge guilt or sin
- verb
- jen- ~ jn-
- GI
- jen-
- beget
- verb
- jen-
- 373
- jen-ta
- clan, tribe, kin collectivity
- noun
- jen-(t-)
- GI
- jenu
- jaw, chin
- noun
- jenu-
- 381
- jenu
- knee
- noun
- jenu-
- 380
- jer-
- age
- verb
- jer-
- 390
- jeront
- old man (participle of jer- ʰage’)
- noun
- jer(ont)
- GI
- jeus-
- choose
- verb
- jeus-
- 399
- jirno
- grain
- noun
- jR-no-m
- 390
- jombo
- peg
- noun
- jombʰo-s
- 369
K
- kaar
- wax
- noun
- ka:r-
- 532
- kaau-
- strike, cut, forge
- verb
- kahu-
- GI
- kaave
- coffee
- noun
- < Turkish ʰkahveʰ
- IW
- kach
- small, thin
- adjective
- kac-
- GI
- kais
- hair
- noun
- kais-
- 520
- kajo
- goat
- noun
- kajo-
- 517
- kaka
- manure, excrement
- noun
- kakka-
- 521
- kan-
- sing
- verb
- kan-
- 525
- kap-
- catch, seize
- verb
- kap- (ka2p-)
- 527
- kapel
- head
- noun
- kap-el-
- GI
- kaput
- head
- noun
- kap-ut-
- 529
- kar
- tree: nut
- noun
- qar-
- GI
- karkar
- crab
- noun
- karkar-
- GI
- kat
- cat
- noun
- kat-
- GI
- kel
- mountain, high place
- noun
- kel-
- GI
- kelch
- cup
- noun
- kel-c-
- 550
- kelp
- pot
- noun
- kelp-
- 555
- kerk
- bird: chicken, hen, rooster
- noun
- kerk-
- GI
- kerp
- implement for harvesting
- noun
- kerp-
- GI
- kes-
- comb
- verb
- kes-
- GI
- kes-
- scrape; shave
- verb
- kes-
- 585
- khav-
- grasp, take; have
- verb
- gʰabʰ-
- 407
- khed-
- defecate
- verb
- gʰed-
- 423
- khelsh
- metal; copper, bronze
- noun
- gʰel(e)jʰ-
- 435
- khelu
- turtle
- noun
- gʰelu
- GI
- kher-
- fence in, surround, circle, enclose
- verb
- gʰer-
- GI
- kherth
- fence; enclosure
- noun
- gʰ(e)r-dʰ-
- GI
- kherto
- land
- noun
- khevel
- head
- noun
- gʰebʰ-el- (gʰebʰ2l-)
- 423
- khiv
- left
- noun
- gʰibʰ-ol-o-
- GI
- khnid
- nit
- noun
- gʰnid
- GI
- khos-
- devour
- verb
- gʰos-
- 452
- khosti
- host, guest; stranger
- noun
- gʰosti-s
- 453
- khou-
- pay attention to
- verb
- gʰou-
- GI
- khree-
- grow
- verb
- gʰre:-
- 454
- khwel-
- want
- verb
- gʰʷel-
- 489
- khwelu
- hungry
- adjective
- gʰʷel-
- 489
- khwen-
- hit, kill; destroy; pursue (enemy)
- verb
- gʰʷen-
- 491
- khwer
- warm
- adjective
- gʰʷer-
- 493
- khwerm
- warmth, heat
- noun
- gʰʷer-m-
- GI
- khweyi
- tendon
- noun
- gʰʷeih-
- 489
- khwiislo
- fiber
- noun
- gʰʷi:slo- (gʰʷihslo-)
- 489
- kili-wo
- bald
- adjective
- kelhwo- (kLhwo-)
- 554
- kilni
- hill
- noun
- kL-ni- ~ kol-ni-
- GI
- kirno
- tree; cherry
- noun
- kRnos
- 572
- kleno
- tree; maple
- noun
- kleno-
- 603
- klep-
- steal
- verb
- klep-
- 604
- kneu
- tree: nut
- noun
- kneu-
- GI
- koj
- goat
- noun
- qoj-
- GI
- kokso
- groin
- noun
- kocsa:-
- 611
- kom
- with
- preposition
- kom
- 612
- kor-
- crow, make noise
- verb
- ke/or- ~ kR-
- GI
- korch
- weak, thin
- adjective
- korc-
- GI
- koslo
- tree; hazel
- noun
- kos(e)lo-
- 616
- kost
- bone
- noun
- qe/os-t-
- GI
- koyot
- coyote
- noun
- < Nahuatl koyotl
- IW
- kree-
- buy
- verb
- kʷrei- (kʷrei2-)
- 648
- krem
- soup prepared by heating, fermentation
- noun
- kr-em-
- GI
- kreui
- raw flesh, raw meat
- noun
- kreuh- ~ kruh-
- GI
- kwaas-
- cough
- verb
- kʷa2s-
- R
- kwas
- cheese
- noun
- kwas-
- GI
- =kwe
- and
- conjunction
- -kʷe
- 635
- kwekulo
- wheel
- noun
- kʷekʷlo-
- 640
- kwel
- cattle herder
- noun
- kʷel-
- GI
- kwel-
- rotate, turn
- verb
- kʷel-
- 639
- kwelo
- circle
- noun
- kʷelo-
- 639
- kwento
- holy
- adjective
- cwen-to-
- GI
- kwep
- boar
- noun
- qwep-
- GI
- kwer
- bowl
- noun
- gʷer-
- 642
- kwer-
- buy
- verb
- kʷer-(ei-)
- GI
- kwer-
- do, make; connect; make by hand; form
- verb
- kʷer-
- GI
- kwetwer
- 4
- numeral
- kʷetwer-
- 642
- kwetwer-pel
- quadruple
- verb
- kʷetwer-
- 642
- kwi
- what, who
- pronoun
- kʷo-
- 644
- kwii-
- want
- verb
- kwi:-
- 632
- kwirmi
- worm; ant
- noun
- kʷRmi-
- GI
- kwoi-
- punish, compensate, pay price, avenge
- verb
- kʷe/oi-(naa-)
- GI
- kwon
- dog
- noun
- cwon-
- 632
L
- laab
- lip
- noun
- la:b-
- 655
- laawo
- people, folk; army, campaign
- noun
- lah(w)o
- GI
- laiwo
- leftside
- adjective
- laiwo-
- 652
- laks
- salmon (derivative of lac- ʰred; spotted’)
- noun
- lacs-
- GI
- lau
- booty, plunder
- noun
- lau-
- GI
- lau-
- take plunder
- verb
- lau-
- GI
- lav-
- catch, seize
- verb
- labʰ-
- 652
- lee
- slick
- adjective
- lei-
- 662
- lee-
- poor
- adjective
- le:(i)-
- 665
- leeg-
- bind; swear an oath, bind in obligation
- verb
- leig-
- GI
- leekw-
- leave (tr)
- verb
- leikʷ-
- 669
- lees
- rut, track
- noun
- leis-
- 671
- leeto
- warmth
- noun
- le:to- (le1t-)
- 680
- leewo
- smooth
- adjective
- leiwo-
- 662
- leezh-
- lick
- verb
- leijʰ-
- 668
- legh-
- lay
- verb
- legʰ-
- 658
- legh- se
- lie
- verb
- legʰ-
- 658
- leghu
- light
- adjective
- legʰʷ-
- GI
- lei
- mortar
- noun
- lej-
- gather, collect
- verb
- lej-
- GI
- lenta
- tree; linden
- noun
- lenta:
- 677
- leu
- lion
- noun
- leu-
- GI
- leudhero
- free people; folk
- noun
- leudʰero-
- GI
- leuj-
- break
- verb
- leuj-
- 686
- leuk
- light
- noun
- leuk-
- 687
- leuk-
- shine
- verb
- leuk-
- 687
- leuv-
- love
- verb
- leubʰ-
- 683
- levont
- elephant
- noun
- lebʰont- ~ Lbʰont-
- GI
- lezh-
- crawl, creep; spread
- verb
- lejʰ-
- GI
- lino
- flax
- noun
- lino-
- GI
- longo
- long (dimension)
- adjective
- (d)longʰo-s
- 197
- look-snaa
- shining body
- noun
- louksnaa-
- GI
- looko
- meadow
- noun
- lowko-s
- R
- lus
- louse
- noun
- lus (luhs)
- 692
M
- maalo
- fruit
- noun
- mahlo-
- GI
- maater
- mother
- noun
- ma:ter- (mé2t(e:)r)
- 700
- maatro
- uncle (MoBr)
- noun
- ma:tro:- (me2tro:us)
- 701
- marko
- horse
- noun
- marko-
- GI
- marsk
- swamp
- noun
- mor- ~ mar-(sc-)
- GI
- matro
- aunt
- noun
- ma:ter- (mé2t(e:)r)
- 700
- me
- 1s(o)
- pronoun
- me-
- 702
- med-
- measure, weigh
- verb
- med-
- 705
- medh
- honey, mead
- noun
- medʰu
- 707
- medh-u
- sweet
- adjective
- medʰu
- 707
- medhi
- middle
- adjective
- medʰi-
- 706
- mee-
- measure
- verb
- meh-
- GI
- mee-
- ripen
- verb
- meh(i)-
- GI
- meems
- meat
- noun
- me:mso- (me:ms-)
- 725
- meens
- moon, month
- noun
- me:ns- (me:1Ns)
- 731
- meezh-
- urinate
- verb
- meijʰ-
- 713
- mei-
- change, exchange
- verb
- mei-(n)-
- GI
- mej
- big
- adjective
- mej- (mej2-s)
- 708
- mel
- black, dark
- adjective
- mel-
- GI
- mel-
- crush, divide; thresh, grind grate
- verb
- mel-
- GI
- mel-
- deceive
- verb
- mel-
- 719
- mel-
- grind
- verb
- mel- (molh-)
- 716
- mel-
- say, pronounce
- verb
- mel-
- GI
- meld-
- pray while offering sacrifice; make a sound
- verb
- mel-dʰ-
- GI
- meli
- honey
- noun
- meli
- 723
- melit
- sweet
- adjective
- mel-i-t-
- GI
- melj-
- milk
- verb
- 29melj-
- 722
- men
- thought, mind, reason
- noun
- men-
- GI
- men-
- rise, stand out
- verb
- m(e)n-
- GI
- men-
- think, remember
- verb
- men-
- 726
- ment
- mountain heights
- noun
- m(e)n-t-
- GI
- mer-
- die
- verb
- mer-
- 735
- merk-
- soak
- verb
- merk-
- 739
- mesk-
- sink
- verb
- mezg-
- 745
- meu
- semen, sperm
- noun
- meu- ~ mu-
- GI
- meus
- moss
- noun
- m(e)us-
- GI
- mil
- grinder, mill
- noun
- mL- ~ mul-
- GI
- mild
- soft
- adjective
- mLdu- (mLdʰ-)
- 718
- milyo
- bad, evil
- adjective
- mel-yo-
- 719
- mir-
- put into (someone’s) possession, govern; hold
- verb
- mHr-/n-(t)-
- GI
- mir-to
- mortal
- adjective
- mRt-ós
- 735
- mir/n-
- hand
- noun
- mh-n-és (mhr-/n-)
- 740
- mod
- manner
- noun
- mod
- AHD
- moks
- soon
- adverb
- mocs
- 747
- mono
- back of head, occiput; neck
- noun
- mon(o)-
- 747
- mor
- black, dark
- adjective
- mor-
- 734
- mori
- sea, lake
- noun
- mori
- 748
- moro
- tree: mulberry (tree and fruit)
- noun
- moro-
- GI
- moru/w-
- ant
- noun
- mor-w- ~ wor-m-
- GI
- morva
- form
- noun
- morbʰ-aa
- GI
- mosko
- marrow
- noun
- mos-ko-
- 750
- mrezhu
- short
- adjective
- mrejʰu-
- GI
- mug-
- pray; pronounce the words of a prayer
- verb
- mug-
- GI
- mus
- fly, gadfly
- noun
- mu(s)-
- muus
- mouse
- noun
- mu:s (muhs)
- 752
N
- naa-
- fear, revere (gods); be ashamed
- verb
- nah-
- GI
- naau
- boat, ship
- noun
- nahw-
- GI
- nas
- nose
- noun
- nas-
- 755
- ne
- 1p(o)
- pronoun
- ne-
- 758
- ne
- not
- clitic
- ne
- 756
- nech-
- die; disappear
- verb
- hnec-
- GI
- neegw-
- wash
- verb
- neigʷ-
- 761
- nem-
- give, allot; take
- verb
- nem-
- 763
- nepot
- grandson
- noun
- nepo:t-
- 764
- nepti
- granddaughter
- noun
- nepʰtʰí
- GI
- nes-
- return home; be reunited with relatives
- verb
- nes-
- GI
- nevos
- cloud
- noun
- nebʰos
- 315
- newin
- 9
- numeral
- newnoun
- 318
- newo
- new
- adjective
- newo-s
- 769
- nii
- low, bottom
- noun
- ni:-
- GI
- nist
- nest
- noun
- ni-zd-os
- 887
- nogu
- naked
- adjective
- nogʷ-
- 769
- nokut
- night
- noun
- nokʷt-s
- 762
- nomen
- name
- noun
- nomN (1ne:3mN)
- 321
- noodo
- knot
- noun
- no:do-s
- 758
- nos
- 1p(o)
- pronoun
- nos
- 758
- nov
- navel
- noun
- nobʰ- ~ Nbʰ- ~Mbʰ
- GI
- nu
- now
- adverb
- nu-
- 770
O
- o-
- consider true, believe an omen
- verb
- ho-
- GI
- od-
- smell
- verb
- od- (3od-)
- 773
- odhes
- axe
- noun
- a/odʰes-
- GI
- oghwi
- snake, viper
- noun
- ogʰʷi-
- 43
- okto
- 8
- numeral
- octo:
- 775
- okw-
- see
- verb
- okʷ- (3okʷ-)
- 775
- okwes
- eye
- noun
- okʷ(e)s-
- 775
- ol
- bird: water bird, water fowl
- noun
- e/ol-
- GI
- ol
- brown, red
- adjective
- e/ol-
- GI
- olina
- elbow
- noun
- olina: (olVna2)
- 307
- olmo
- tree; elm
- noun
- ol-mo-s
- 303
- om
- unripe, bitter
- adjective
- om- ~ M-
- GI
- omo-
- swear
- verb
- omh- (3om3-)
- 778
- omso
- shoulder
- noun
- om(e)so-s
- 778
- ond
- mountain, cliff, rock
- noun
- ond- ~ Nd-
- GI
- oner-
- dream
- verb
- oner- (3ner-)
- 779
- ongu/w-
- oil; ointment, salve
- noun
- ongʰʷ
- GI
- ongw-
- anoint
- verb
- ongʷ-
- 779
- onokh
- claw
- noun
- onogʰ- (3nogʰ-s)
- 780
- ons-
- give birth, produce; kin
- verb
- hons- ~ hNs-
- GI
- oochu
- swiftly
- adverb
- o:cu-s
- 775
- oos
- mouth
- noun
- o:us- (ohs)
- 784
- oos
- tree; ash
- noun
- o:s-
- 782
- oowi
- egg
- noun
- o:wi-om ((2)o:wio-m)
- 783
- opir/n-
- goods, wealth, possessions; trade
- noun
- hop-r/n-
- GI
- or
- bird; eagle
- noun
- or-
- 325
- or-
- rise, get up, heave
- verb
- 3or-
- R
- or-
- supplicate, entreat gods
- verb
- or-
- GI
- ori
- village boundary
- noun
- e/orh-
- GI
- orji
- testicle
- noun
- orjʰ-i-
- GI
- ors
- buttocks
- noun
- ors-
- GI
- orvo
- indigent; orphan, slave
- noun
- orbʰo-
- 781
- osonos
- donkey (borrowed?)
- noun
- os(o)nos
- GI
- osp
- tree; poplar, aspen
- noun
- apsa: (osp-)
- 55
- ost
- bone
- noun
- ost- (2ost)
- 783
- osto
- branch, twig
- noun
- ozdo-s (3osdo-s)
- 785
- ovi
- towards
- preposition
- obʰi
- 287
- ow-
- put on footwear
- verb
- hou-
- B
- owent
- shoe
- noun
- hou-
- B
- owi
- sheep
- noun
- owi-s (3euis)
- 784
- owi-paa
- shepherd
- noun
- howi-pah-
- GI
- oyno
- 1
- numeral
- oi-nos
- 286
P
- paa-
- feed
- verb
- pa:-
- 787
- paa-
- guard (livestock), herd
- verb
- pah- ~ poh(i)-
- GI
- paaj-
- fasten
- verb
- pa:j- (pa2g-)
- 787
- pard
- leopard
- noun
- pard-
- GI
- patat(a)
- potato
- noun
- < Taino ʰbatataʰ
- IW
- pater
- father
- noun
- phte(r) (p2te:r)
- 829
- pecho
- hair, fur
- noun
- p(e)c-o-
- GI
- pechu
- domestic animals, livestock
- noun
- pec-u-
- 797
- ped
- foot
- noun
- ped- (po:d-s)
- 790
- peech
- spotted
- adjective
- p(e)ic-
- GI
- peens
- sand
- noun
- pe:ns
- 824
- pees
- mortar and pestle
- noun
- peis- ~ pis-
- GI
- pees-
- thresh, mill (grain)
- verb
- peis- ~ pis-
- GI
- peesk
- fish
- noun
- peisk-
- 796
- pekw-
- cook, prepare
- verb
- pekʷ-
- 798
- pel
- dust, powder
- noun
- pel-
- 802
- pel
- fortress, fortified city
- noun
- pel-
- GI
- pel
- skin
- noun
- pel-
- 803
- pel
- smooth
- adjective
- pel-
- GI
- pel-
- multiply, fold together
- verb
- pel-
- GI
- pelechu
- axe
- noun
- pelecu-
- GI
- pelit
- wide, flat
- adjective
- p(e)l-h-t-
- GI
- pen
- bog, mud
- noun
- pen-
- 807
- penkwe
- 5
- numeral
- penkʷe
- 808
- perch
- spotted
- adjective
- perc-
- GI
- perch-
- furrow; scratch, make hole or depression in the earth
- verb
- perc-
- GI
- perd-
- fart
- verb
- perd-
- 819
- peri
- front
- noun
- per-h-
- GI
- perkwu
- forest
- noun
- perkʷu-
- GI
- perkwu
- tree; oak
- noun
- perkʷu-s
- 822
- perkwu-no
- god of war and military campaigns
- noun
- per(kʷ)u-no-
- GI
- pero
- feather
- noun
- pero-m
- R
- pes
- penis
- noun
- pes-
- 824
- pet-
- fall, fly
- verb
- pet- (pet2-)
- 825
- petir
- wing
- noun
- pet-R-
- 825
- peuch
- tree; pine, spruce
- noun
- peuc-
- 828
- peuch
- tree: fir, pine
- noun
- peuc- ~ puc-
- GI
- peuch-
- prick
- verb
- peuc-
- 828
- pik
- pitch
- noun
- pik
- GI
- pilma
- palm
- noun
- pL-ma: (pL2ma2)
- 805
- pilno
- full
- adjective
- pL-no- (pL1no-s)
- 798
- pinksti
- fist
- noun
- pNksti-
- 839
- pint
- path
- noun
- pNt-H
- GI
- pint
- road
- noun
- pNt-H
- GI
- pinti
- track
- noun
- pNt(h)h-
- 808
- pit
- tree: pine, fir
- noun
- pit
- GI
- pitro
- uncle
- noun
- phte(r) (p2te:r)
- 829
- plaa-
- spread
- verb
- pla:-
- 805
- plech-
- plait, braid, intertwine
- verb
- plec-
- 834
- pleu-
- float, sail, swim; soak, make wet
- verb
- pleu-
- 835
- pleumon
- lung (from pleu- ʰto float’)
- noun
- pl(e)u-mon-
- 837
- ploo
- flea
- noun
- plou-
- 102
- plu
- many, much
- quantifier
- pelu-
- 800
- pneu-
- blow
- verb
- pneu-
- 838
- pol
- half; pair
- numeral
- p(o)l-
- GI
- pol
- shield
- noun
- pol-
- GI
- poli
- city, town
- noun
- pel- (p(o)lh-)
- 798
- polt-
- fold
- verb
- p(o)l-t-
- GI
- poo
- few
- quantifier
- po:u-
- 842
- poo-
- drink
- verb
- po:(i)- (po3-)
- 839
- poolo
- foal
- noun
- po:(u)-lo-s (p(o:)lh-)
- 842
- porcho
- piglet
- noun
- porco-s
- 841
- post
- behind
- preposition
- pos (post)
- 841
- poti
- master, sovereign, husband
- noun
- poti-s
- 842
- potni
- lady
- noun
- pot-ni-
- GI
- prech-
- ask
- verb
- prec-
- 821
- preu-
- jump
- verb
- preu-
- GI
- preus
- frost
- noun
- preus-
- 846
- preuso-
- freeze, cold
- verb
- preu-so-
- GI
- pro
- ahead, before
- preposition
- pro
- 813
- pur, pawir
- fire (for cooking)
- noun
- pur (pa2wR)
- 828
- putlo
- boy
- noun
- putlo-s
- R
- puur
- grain; wheat
- noun
- puur-
- GI
R
- raad
- root
- noun
- w(e)ra:d- (wra2d-)
- 1167
- ree
- possessions, property
- noun
- reh(i)
- GI
- ree-
- travel by ship
- verb
- erH- ~ reh-
- GI
- reej
- strong, efficient
- adjective
- rehj-
- GI
- reej-
- break
- verb
- wre:j-
- 1181
- rej
- king
- noun
- re:j-s (3re:j-s)
- 854
- rej
- right, straight
- adjective
- rej- (3Rju-s)
- 854
- rej-
- direct, correct, straighten, even out
- verb
- rej-
- GI
- rej-
- make wet, irrigate
- verb
- rej-
- GI
- rem-
- support
- verb
- rem-
- 864
- ren
- lamb
- noun
- wr-en-
- GI
- ret-
- run, ride, walk
- verb
- ret(h)- (hret-)
- 866
- ret-
- walk
- verb
- ret(h)- (hret-)
- 866
- reu-
- roar
- verb
- reu-j-
- GI
- reudh
- red metal; copper
- noun
- r(e)udʰ-
- GI
- reuth
- red
- adjective
- reudʰ-
- 872
- rod
- rose; wild rose
- noun
- wrod-
- GI
- roto
- wheel
- noun
- roto- (hrot2-)
- 866
- roto-wo
- cart
- noun
- roto- (hrot2-)
- 866
- royko
- heather
- noun
- wroi-ko-
- GI
- rughyo
- grain; rye
- noun
- wrugʰyo-
- 1183
S
- saag-
- recognize by signs; ask (the gods’ will)
- verb
- saag-
- GI
- saag-
- seek
- verb
- sa:g-
- 876
- saimen
- cord, rope
- noun
- s2ime:n
- R
- sak
- holy
- adjective
- sak-
- GI
- sak
- rite
- noun
- sak-
- GI
- sak-
- sanctify
- verb
- sak-
- GI
- sak-
- set apart; sanctify
- verb
- sak-
- 878
- sal
- salt
- noun
- sal- (se2l-)
- 878
- samlu
- tree: apple
- noun
- (s)amlu-
- GI
- saus
- dry
- adjective
- saus-/sus-
- GI
- sawel
- sun
- noun
- sawel- (so2wL)
- 881
- sed-
- set
- verb
- sed-
- 884
- sed- swe
- sit
- verb
- sed-
- 884
- see-
- sow; press into the ground
- verb
- se:(i)- (se1-)
- 889
- see-
- tie, bind, twist
- verb
- seh(i)-
- GI
- see-men
- seed, semen
- noun
- seh(i)-men-
- GI
- seemi
- 1/2
- numeral
- se:m-i-
- 903
- seku/w-
- eye, view
- noun
- se/okʷ-
- GI
- sekw-
- follow
- verb
- se/okʷ-
- GI
- sekw-
- notice
- verb
- se3-
- 897
- sekw-
- see, look; perceive
- verb
- sekʷ-
- 897
- sel
- living space
- noun
- sel-
- GI
- sel-
- take, grab
- verb
- sel-
- 899
- selj-
- hunt
- verb
- selj-
- GI
- selp
- butter; grease, fat
- noun
- selp-
- 901
- sem
- together
- adjective
- sem-
- 902
- sema
- summer
- noun
- sema:-
- 905
- sen
- summer and fall
- noun
- sen-
- GI
- sengw-
- sing
- verb
- sengʷ-
- 906
- seno
- old
- adjective
- sen(o)-
- 906
- sep-
- bury
- verb
- sep-
- GI
- septim
- 7
- numeral
- septM
- 909
- ser-
- protect
- verb
- ser-
- 910
- serk-
- compensate a loss
- verb
- serk-
- GI
- serp
- sickle, implement for harvesting
- noun
- serp-
- GI
- serw-
- take plunder
- verb
- se/orw-
- GI
- seu-
- wring, squeeze out (liquid); press (juice); chase out
- verb
- seu- ~ su-
- GI
- seur
- urine
- noun
- sehur
- GI
- sewi-
- give birth
- verb
- seuh- ~ suh-
- GI
- sezh-
- win, triumph
- verb
- sejʰ-
- 888
- shaiso
- spear
- noun
- jʰaiso-
- 410
- shan-
- yawn
- verb
- jʰan-
- 411
- shans
- bird; goose
- noun
- jʰan-s-
- 412
- shee-
- yawn
- verb
- jʰe:-
- 419
- sheem
- winter
- noun
- jʰei- (jʰeim-)
- 425
- shel
- gall, bile
- noun
- jʰel-
- 429
- shel
- yellow (metal)
- adjective
- jʰel-
- 429
- shem
- person, human being
- noun
- jʰdʰem- (dejʰo:m)
- 414
- sher-
- fence in; encircle, surround
- verb
- jʰer-
- 442
- shers
- grain; barley
- noun
- jʰers-
- 446
- shes
- yesterday
- adverb
- jʰdʰyés
- 416
- shesir
- hand
- noun
- jʰesor- (jʰesR-)
- 447
- sheslo
- 1000
- numeral
- jʰéslo-
- 446
- shleu
- green
- adjective
- jʰleu-
- 433
- shokolat
- chocolate
- noun
- < Nahuatl ʰxocolatlʰ
- IW
- shorna
- gut
- noun
- jʰor-na:
- 443
- shorto
- enclosure
- noun
- jʰor-to-s
- 442
- shuu, dezhu
- fish
- noun
- jʰdʰu:- (djʰuh-s)
- 414
- shwer
- wild animals
- noun
- jʰwer-
- GI
- sinjo
- lion
- noun
- sinjʰo-
- GI
- skei-
- divide, separate
- verb
- skei-
- 919
- skep-
- split with a tool
- verb
- (s)kep-
- 930
- sker
- crooked
- adjective
- sker-
- carve, shear, cut; shave
- verb
- sker-
- 938
- sker/n-
- feces; manure
- noun
- scer/n-(d-)
- GI
- skeu-
- cut, divide, scratch
- verb
- ske:u-
- 954
- slee
- slick
- adjective
- slei-
- 662
- sleeb-
- slip
- verb
- (s)leib-
- 663
- sleedh-
- slide
- verb
- sleidʰ-
- 960
- sme
- very
- adverb
- sme
- 966
- smee-
- smear
- verb
- sme:-
- 966
- smekir
- chin
- noun
- smekr-
- GI
- smer-
- remember
- verb
- (s)mer-
- 969
- smeru
- grease, fat
- noun
- smeru-
- 970
- snaa-
- swim
- verb
- sna:- (sne2-)
- 971
- snee-
- spin (yarn)
- verb
- sneh-(i/u-)
- GI
- sneewir/n-
- bowstring; tendon, sinew
- noun
- sne:w-(e)r- (sne1wR)
- 977
- sner-
- snore
- verb
- sner-
- AHD
- sneuv
- marriage; bride
- noun
- (s)neubʰ-
- GI
- sneuv-
- marry, take as wife
- verb
- sneubʰ-
- 977
- snighu/w-
- snow
- noun
- snigʰʷ-
- 974
- snuso
- daughter-in-law
- noun
- snuso-s
- 978
- so
- 3s
- pronoun
- so
- 978
- sokto-
- guard, take care of (a sick person)
- verb
- sokto-
- GI
- solu/w-
- health
- noun
- sol-(w-)
- GI
- som
- one
- numeral
- se/om-
- GI
- somen
- song, singing
- noun
- shomen-
- GI
- -sor
- woman
- suffix
- sor
- GI
- sorw-
- take plunder
- verb
- se/orw-
- GI
- spelsh
- spleen
- noun
- speljʰ-
- GI
- spen-
- spin
- verb
- (s)pen-(d-)
- 988
- spend-
- perform a libation, sprinkle
- verb
- spend-
- GI
- speno
- breast
- noun
- speno- (psteno-s)
- 990
- sperg
- bird; sparrow, starling
- noun
- sper-g-
- GI
- spiko
- bird; woodpecker
- noun
- (s)piko-
- GI
- spingo
- bird; small bird; finch
- noun
- (s)pingo-
- GI
- splei-
- split (tr)
- verb
- splei-
- 1000
- splei- swe
- split (refl)
- verb
- splei-
- 1000
- spreg-
- talk (impromptu activity)
- verb
- (s)p(h)re:g-
- 996
- spyeu-
- spit
- verb
- (s)p(h)ye:u-
- 999
- sreu-
- flow, stream
- verb
- sreu-
- 1003
- sreu-men
- stream
- noun
- sreu-men-
- 1003
- sreu-to
- stream
- noun
- sreu-to-
- 1003
- sriig-
- cold, freeze
- verb
- sriig-
- GI
- staa-
- stand (tr)
- verb
- sta:- (sta2-)
- 1004
- staa- swe
- stand (refl)
- verb
- sta:- (sta2-)
- 1004
- stai
- thief
- noun
- (s)tahi-
- GI
- stai-
- rob, steal; conceal
- verb
- (s)tahi-
- GI
- steb
- stem, trunk
- noun
- steb(ʰ)
- 1011
- steeg
- sharp, sharpened
- adjective
- (s)teig-
- GI
- steeg-
- stab
- verb
- (s)teig-
- GI
- stel-
- place
- verb
- stel-
- 1019
- stemp
- dull
- adjective
- sten-
- thunder
- verb
- (s)ten-
- 1021
- steno
- breast
- noun
- steno- (psteno-s)
- 990
- ster
- star
- noun
- ster- (2ste:r)
- 1027
- ster-
- steal
- verb
- ster-
- 1028
- sterg-
- be sick
- verb
- s(t)erg-
- GI
- steud-
- push, shove
- verb
- steud-
- 1033
- steuro
- steer
- noun
- steu-ro-
- 1010
- streu-
- scatter
- verb
- su
- good
- adjective
- wesu-/su-
- GI
- su
- pig
- noun
- su-s
- 1038
- sunu
- son
- noun
- sunu-s
- 913
- suu
- rain
- noun
- su2-
- R
- suuro
- sour
- adjective
- su:-ro-
- 1039
- swa-
- rain
- verb
- su2-
- R
- swaad
- sugar
- noun
- swa:d-
- 1039
- swaad
- sweet
- adjective
- swa:d-
- 1039
- swe-
- reflexive
- pronoun
- sʷe-
- GI
- swe-dhu
- daughter-in-law
- noun
- swe-lo-
- 1046
- swe-ma
- mother-in-law
- noun
- swe-lo-
- 1046
- swe-pa
- father-in-law
- noun
- swe-lo-
- 1046
- swe-su
- son-in-law
- noun
- swe-lo-
- 1046
- swe-swe
- sister-in-law
- noun
- swe-lo-
- 1046
- swe-vra
- brother-in-law
- noun
- swe-lo-
- 1046
- swekru-dhugater
- daughter-in-law
- noun
- swekru-
- 1043
- swekru-maater
- mother-in-law
- noun
- swekru-
- 1043
- swekru-pater
- father-in-law
- noun
- swekru-
- 1043
- swekru-sunu
- son-in-law
- noun
- swekru-
- 1043
- swekru-swesor
- sister-in-law
- noun
- swekru-
- 1043
- swekru-vraater
- brother-in-law
- noun
- swekru-
- 1043
- sweks
- 6
- numeral
- swecs
- 1044
- swelik
- tree; willow
- noun
- weli-ka: (swVlyk)
- 1140
- swelk
- furrow
- noun
- swelk-
- GI
- swen-to
- strong, healthy
- adjective
- swen-to-
- GI
- swep-
- sleep
- verb
- swep-
- 1048
- swer
- dark color
- adjective
- sʷer-
- GI
- swer
- pole
- noun
- swer-
- 1050
- swesor
- sister
- noun
- swesor- (sueso:r)
- 1051
- sweth
- custom
- noun
- swedʰ-
- 883
- syuu-
- sew
- verb
- syu: (syuh-)
- 915
T
- ta
- that
- pronoun
- to-
- 1086
- taa-
- melt
- verb
- ta:- (ta2-)
- 1053
- tauro
- aurochs; bull, wild bull
- noun
- thuro-s (te2uros)
- 1083
- te
- 2s(o)
- pronoun
- te
- 1097
- te
- this
- pronoun
- to-
- 1086
- tek
- child
- noun
- tʰekʰ-
- GI
- teks-
- compose poetry
- verb
- tecs-
- GI
- teks-
- prepare, weave, braid, work (material), mold
- verb
- tecs-
- GI
- tekw-
- run, flow, rush along
- verb
- tekʷ-
- 1059
- tem
- dirty
- adjective
- tem(h)-
- 1063
- ten-
- stretch
- verb
- ten-
- 1065
- tenu
- thin
- adjective
- tenu-s
- 1069
- tep
- warmth, heat, blaze
- noun
- tep-
- GI
- ter-
- conquer, overcome
- verb
- terh- ~ tRh-
- GI
- ter-
- rub, polish, abrade; drill, bore hole
- verb
- ter-
- GI
- terk-
- twist
- verb
- terk-
- 1077
- ters
- dry
- adjective
- ters-
- 1078
- ters
- dry
- verb
- ters-
- 1078
- teter
- black grouse (?)
- noun
- tet(e)r-
- GI
- teu-t-ono
- leader of a people
- noun
- teu-t-ono-
- GI
- teu-ta
- tribe, people; society
- noun
- teu-ta:-
- 1080
- thanu
- tree; pine, fir
- noun
- tʰanu-
- 234
- the-
- put, place
- verb
- dʰe:- (dʰe1-)
- 235
- the- cherdom
- believe (lit: ʰplace (one’s) heart’)
- verb
- cred-dʰeh-
- GI
- the- chlewom
- acquire glory, fame
- verb
- clewo- dʰeh-
- GI
- the- nomenom
- establish a name; give a name
- verb
- nome/on dʰeh-
- GI
- thee-
- suck; suckle, nurse, give milk
- verb
- dʰe:(i)- (dʰe1-)
- 241
- theem
- pertaining to the ritual establishment
- adjective
- dʰeh-m-
- GI
- thees
- holy
- adjective
- dʰe:s- (dʰe1s-)
- 259
- theesh
- clay; material for pottery
- noun
- dʰeijʰ-
- GI
- theezh-
- mix clay, mold
- verb
- dʰeijʰ-
- GI
- theghw-
- burn (intr); be angry
- verb
- dʰegʰʷ-
- GI
- then-
- flow (of water)
- verb
- dʰen-
- GI
- theu-
- disappear, die (from dʰeu- ʰexhale’)
- verb
- dʰeu-
- GI
- theub
- deep
- adjective
- dʰeu-b-
- 267
- theugh-
- squeeze, give milk
- verb
- dʰeugʰ-
- GI
- theun
- settlement on a hill
- noun
- dʰeun-
- GI
- theus
- asphyxia, breath, breathing; soul
- noun
- dʰeu-(h/s)- ~ dʰu-(h/s)-
- GI
- theus-
- blow, exhale, gasp
- verb
- dʰeu-(h/s)- ~ dʰu-(h/s)-
- GI
- thev(-u)
- small
- adjective
- dʰebʰ-
- GI
- thregh-
- run
- verb
- dʰregʰ-
- 273
- threu-
- run, flow
- verb
- dʰreu-
- 274
- threukh
- friend; comrade (at arms)
- noun
- dʰreugʰ-
- GI
- thrikh
- hair
- noun
- dʰrigʰ-
- 276
- thugater
- daughter
- noun
- dʰug(h)hter (dʰug2te:r)
- 277
- thur
- harness
- noun
- dʰur-
- GI
- thur-
- harness
- verb
- dʰur-
- GI
- thuumo
- smoke
- noun
- dʰu:-mo- (dʰu2mo-s)
- 261
- thwer
- door
- noun
- dʰwer-
- 278
- to
- 3p
- pronoun
- to-
- 1086
- to
- yonder
- pronoun
- to-
- 1086
- tree
- 3
- numeral
- trei-
- 1090
- tree-dechim
- 30
- numeral
- tree-pel
- triple
- verb
- tree
- 1090
- tu
- 2s(s)
- pronoun
- tu (tuh)
- 1097
- twako
- skin
- noun
- twakos
- 1099
- twek
- body; body part; membrane, skin
- noun
- twek-
- GI
U
- udero
- belly
- noun
- udero-
- 1104
- udhir
- weather
- noun
- hw-dʰr-
- GI
- uksen
- bull, ox
- noun
- uks-en-
- 1118
- ulkwo
- wolf
- noun
- wLkʷos
- 1178
- uper
- over
- preposition
- upér
- 1105
- ut
- up, out
- preposition
- ut
- GI
W
- waasto
- empty, devastated
- adjective
- wa:sto-
- GI
- waat
- soothsayer, prophet
- noun
- waat-
- GI
- waat-
- be aroused or inspired to poetic creation; prophesy
- verb
- waat-
- GI
- we
- 1p(s)
- pronoun
- we-
- 1114
- we
- or
- conjunction
- we-
- 75
- wech
- village; a group of houses
- noun
- we/oc-
- GI
- wed
- wet
- adjective
- wed-
- AHD
- wedh-
- lead away, carry off a bride (by force)
- verb
- hwedʰ-(mno-)
- GI
- wedh-
- wed
- verb
- wedʰ-
- 1115
- wedir/n-
- water
- noun
- wed-(r/n-t-) ~ ud-(r/n-t-)
- GI
- wee-
- blow
- verb
- we:- (2we1-)
- 81
- weed
- wolf
- noun
- weid-(n)-
- GI
- weed-
- see
- verb
- weid-
- 1125
- weeno
- wine
- noun
- w(e/o)ino-
- GI
- weewer
- squirrel; small forest mammal
- noun
- we(i)wer-
- GI
- weg
- damp
- adjective
- weghw-
- praise solemnly while making sacrifice
- verb
- heugʰʷ- ~ hwegʰʷ-
- GI
- wei-
- chase
- verb
- wei- (wey1-)
- 1123
- wei-
- twist, plait
- verb
- wei-
- GI
- weku/w-
- voice
- noun
- hwekʷ-
- GI
- wekw-
- speak, talk; compose, praise
- verb
- wekʷ-
- 1135
- wekwos
- word
- noun
- wekʷos-
- 1135
- wel
- pasture, meadow; dwelling of the dead
- noun
- wel
- GI
- wel-
- wish
- verb
- wel-
- 1137
- wem-
- vomit
- verb
- wem-
- 1146
- wend-
- weave, plait
- verb
- wendʰ-
- GI
- went
- wind
- noun
- hwent-
- GI
- wer
- heather
- noun
- wer-
- GI
- wer-
- burn
- verb
- wer-
- GI
- wer-
- defend (oneself), save (oneself), protect (oneself)
- verb
- wer-
- GI
- wer-
- find
- verb
- wer- (wer1-)
- 1160
- wer-
- look, pay attention; to be careful
- verb
- wer-
- GI
- wer-
- turn away
- verb
- wer-
- 1152
- werg-
- serve
- verb
- wwerg-
- AHD
- werj-
- make
- verb
- werj-
- 1168
- wern
- tree: alder, poplar; log, beam, mast
- noun
- wer-n-
- GI
- wers-
- pour, spill
- verb
- wers-
- GI
- wersen
- bull (originally ʰpouring forth semen’)
- noun
- wers-en- ~ wRs-en-
- GI
- wert
- wheel, circle; cart
- noun
- hwer-t- ~ hwer-jʰ-
- GI
- wert-
- rotate, turn
- verb
- hwer-t- ~ hwer-jʰ-
- GI
- wes-
- be, exist, become (animate)
- verb
- hwes-
- GI
- wes-
- clothe oneself
- verb
- wes-
- 1172
- wes-
- dress
- verb
- wes-
- GI
- wes-
- dwell, stay
- verb
- (a)wes- (2wes-)
- 72, 1170
- wes-
- wear
- verb
- wes-
- 1172
- wesir/n-
- spring and summer
- noun
- wesr-/n-
- GI
- wesno
- price, trade, value
- noun
- ues-no-
- 1173
- wesperos
- evening
- noun
- wesperos
- 1173
- wesperos
- west
- noun
- wesperos
- 1173
- wester
- shepherd, herder
- noun
- wes-ter-
- GI
- wesu
- good
- adjective
- wesu-
- 1174
- wet
- year
- noun
- wet-
- 1175
- weto
- old
- adjective
- weto-
- GI
- wev-
- braid, tie, twist, weave
- verb
- webʰ-
- 1114
- wezh-
- ride, carry (in a vehicle)
- verb
- wejʰ-
- 1118
- wezh-o
- cart, wagon
- noun
- wejʰ-o-
- GI
- wi
- twice
- numeral
- wi-
- 1176
- wich
- household; village
- noun
- uic-
- 1131
- wichimti
- 20
- numeral
- wi-cMt-í (wícMti1)
- 1177
- wichimti-oyno
- 21
- numeral
- widheu
- widow
- noun
- widʰewa: (widʰeu-)
- 1127
- wiis
- power
- noun
- wís- (wihs)
- 1123
- wiis-wo
- powerful
- adjective
- wís- (wihs)
- 1123
- wiks
- mistletoe
- noun
- wiks-
- GI
- wilkwos
- wolf
- noun
- wLkʷos
- 1178
- wilna
- wool
- noun
- wL-na:-
- 1139
- wilp
- wolf
- noun
- wLp-
- GI
- wir
- people
- noun
- wir
- GI
- wirmo
- worm
- noun
- wRmi- ~ wRmo-
- GI
- wiro
- man
- noun
- wiro-s (uihro-)
- 1177
- wirsen
- male
- adjective
- wRsen-
- 81
- wobsa
- wasp
- noun
- wobʰsaa-
- GI
- wodir
- water
- noun
- wedo:r (wodR)
- 78
- woghwoni
- plow
- verb
- wogʰʷoni-
- GI
- woid-
- know, understand
- verb
- woid-
- 1125
- wos
- 2p(o)
- pronoun
- wos-
- 513
- wos-
- buy, sell
- verb
- we/os-(n-)
- GI
Y
- yaa-
- ride, travel; journey
- verb
- yah-
- GI
- yaam
- already
- adverb
- ya:m
- 285
- yeek-
- do
- verb
- ye:k-
- 502
- yeek-
- treat, cure
- verb
- yehk- ~ yHk-
- GI
- yeg
- cold, ice
- noun
- yeg-
- 503
- yekwir/n-
- liver
- noun
- yekʷ-R
- 504
- yeniter
- husbandʰs brother’s wife
- noun
- (y)enHter-
- GI
- yeu
- young
- adjective
- yeu-
- 510
- yeu-
- bind, yoke; wed
- verb
- yeu-g-
- 508
- yev
- elephant; ivory
- noun
- yebʰ-
- GI
- yev-
- copulate
- verb
- eibʰ- ~ yebʰ-
- GI
- yewo
- establishment, ritual rule, ritual norm
- noun
- yewo-
- GI
- yewo
- grain; barley
- noun
- yewo-
- 512
- yewo
- grain; wheat
- noun
- yewo ((h)ieu-)
- 512
- yewos
- law
- noun
- yewos-
- 512
- yos-
- gird (oneself)
- verb
- (h)ie3s
- B
- yos-men
- belt
- noun
- yo:s-men- (yo3s-)
- 513
- yu
- 2p(s)
- pronoun
- yu- (yuh)
- 513
- yugom
- yoke
- noun
- yukʰom
- GI
- yuus
- (meat) soup, broth
- noun
- yu:s- (yuhs)
- 507