Senjecas - but: Difference between revisions

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===Pronunciation table===
<font size = 4>
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
 
!p
==Pronunciation table==
!b
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:1150px;"
!f
! colspan="6" | <center>'''peműko'''<br>(labial)</center>
!v
|
!m̃
|
!m
! colspan="6" | '''riisűko'''<br>(dental)
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''muitűko'''<br>(alveolar)
|
|
! colspan="6-" | '''vainűko'''<br>(palatal)
|
|
! colspan="2" |
|
|
! colspan="6" | '''ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(vowels with प)
|
|
! colspan="3" | '''nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos'''<br>(weak vowels)
|-
! <center>p</center>
! b
! f
! v
! m̃
! m
|
|
|
|
!t
! t
!d
! d
!þ
! þ
!ð
! ð
!ɫ
! ɫ
!l
! l
|
|
|
|
!ṡ
! ṡ
!ż
! ż
!s
! s
!z
! z
!r
! r
!n
! n
|
|
|
|
!k
! k
!g
! g
!x
! x
![[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ƣ]]
!h
! h
![[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|ȝ]]
|
|
|
|
!š
! š
!s̨
! s̨
|
|
|
|
!i
! i  
!e
! e
!a
! a
![[Wikipedia:Ogonek#Similar diacritics|ǫ]]
! [[Wikipedia:O|ɔ]]
!o
! o
!u
! u
|
|
|
|
!ĭ
! ı
!ĕ
! ɛ
!ŭ
! y
|-
|-
|/p/
! <center>प</center>
|/b/
! ब
|/ɸ/
! फ
|/β/
! भ
|/m̥/
! म़
|/m/
! म
|
|
|
|
|/t/
! त
|/d/
! द
|/θ/
! थ
|/ð/
! ध
|/l̥/
! ल़
|/l/
! ल
|
|
|
|
|/ʦ/
! च
|/ʣ/
! ज
|/s/
! स
|/z/
! स़
|/ɾ̥/
! र
|/n/
! न
|
|
|
|
|/k/
! क
|/g/
! ग
|/ç/
! क़
|/ʝ/
! [[Wikipedia:Gha|ग़]]
|/j̊/
! ह
|/j/
! [[Wikipedia:Yogh|य]]
|
|
|
|
|/sʷ/
! स्व
|/sʲ/
! स्य
|
|
|
|
|/i/
! इ ई<br>पि पी
|/e/
! ए एै<br>पे पै
|/ä/
! अ आ<br>प पा
|/ɒ/
! ऒ ॵ<br>पॊ पॏ
|/o/
! ओ औ<br>पो पौ
|/u/
! उ ऊ<br>पु पू
|
|
|
|
|/ɪ/
! पं
|/ɛ/
! पऺ
|/ʊ/
! पॅ
|-
| /p/
| /b/
| /ɸ/
| /β/
| /m̥/
| /m/
!
!
| /t/
| /d/
| /θ/
| /ð/
| /l̥/
| /l/
!
!
| /ʦ/
| /ʣ/
| /s/
| /z/
| /ɾ̥/
| /n/
!
!
| /k/
| /g/
| /ç/
| /ʝ/
| /j̊/
| /j/
!
!
| /sʷ/
| /sʲ/
!
!
| /i/
| /e/
| /ä/
| /ɒ/
| /o/
| /u/
!
!
| /ɪ/
| /ɛ/
| /ʊ/
|}
|}




===Glossing abbreviations===
==Glossing abbreviations==
::{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:left; margin: 1em auto 1em auto;"
|1s/p = first person singular/plural
| 1s/p = 1st person singular/plural
|V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
| ABL = [[Wikipedia:Ablative case|ablative suffix]]
|CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
| COL = [[Wikipedia:Collective noun|collective]]
|EQU = equative degree
| F = feminine
|INS = instrument
| INT = intensive prefix
|Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
| PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
| SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
|-
|-
|2s/p = second person singular/plural
| 2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural
|ABS = absolutive (an unmarked modifying adjective)
| ABS = absolutive<br>(an unmarked modifying adjective)
|DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
| DES = [[Wikipedia:Desiderative mood|desiderative]]
|F = feminine
| FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
|INT = intensive prefix
| LAT = [[Wikipedia:Lative case|lative suffix]]
|QUOT = direct quotation
| PST = past
| TRZ = transitivizer
|-
|-
|3p/m = third person [[Wikipedia:Demonstrative#distal and proximal demonstratives|proximal/medial]]
| 3 = 3rd person
|ADV = adverb
| ADV = adverb
|DIM = diminutive
| DIM = diminutive
|FRQ = [[Wikipedia:Frequentative|frequentative]]
| FUT = future
|M = masculine
| LOC = [[Wikipedia:Locative case|locative suffix]]
|REL = [[Wikipedia:Relativizer|relativizer]]
| Q = [[Wikipedia:Interrogative word|interrogative particle]]
| VOC = vocative particle
|-
|-
|4 = [[Wikipedia:Obviative|fourth person]]
| A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
|AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
| AG = [[Wikipedia:Agent (grammar)|agent]]
|ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
| ELIS = [[Wikipedia:Elision|elision]]
|FUT = future
| IMP = imperative
|PP = patient (past) participle
| M = masculine
|RPRF = recent perfective
| QUOT = direct quotation
| YNG = young
|-
|-
|A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural)
| G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
|AP = agent (active) participle
| AP = agent (active) participle
|EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
| ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative case|elative]]
|IMP = imperative
| INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
|PRF = perfect
| OCC = occupation suffix
|SBJ = subjunctive
| REV = [[Wikipedia:Opposite (semantics)|reversive]]
|
|-
|-
|G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural)
| N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
|AUG = augmentative
| AUG = augmentative
|ELT = [[Wikipedia:Elative|elative]]
| EP = [[Wikipedia:Epenthesis#As a grammatical rule|epenthesis]]
|INC = [[Wikipedia:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]]
| IND = indicative
|PRV = [[Wikipedia:Privative|privative prefix]]
| PP = patient (past) participle
|SUP = [[Wikipedia:Supine|supine]]
| RPR = recent perfective
|
|-
|-
|N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural)
| V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural)
|
| CAUS = [[Wikipedia:Causative|causative]]
|
| EQU = equative degree
|IND = indicative
| INS = instrument
|PST = past
| PRF = perfect
| SBJ = subjunctive
|
|
|}
|}




===Postposition===
==Postposition==
*1. '''ša''' - without, apart from, except
*'''1.''' '''ša''' स्व - without, apart from, except
::'''vísu taata̋’ ša e-vı̋da:'''
*Everyone but Father left.
::Everyone but Father left.
*भि॔सु तआत॓ऽ स्व ए-भि॓द॥
 
*'''vísu taata̋' ša e-vı̋da:'''
::{| Class=wikitable
:{|
!'''vis-u||taat-a̋-'||ša||e=vı̋d-a'''
!vis-u||taat-a̋-'||ša||e=vı̋d-a
|-
|-
|everyone-N.s||father-G.s-ELIS||but||PST=leave-IND
|everyone-N.s||father-G.s-ELIS||but||PST=leave-IND
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===Adverb===
==Adverb==
*2. '''átu''' - merely, only, just
*'''2.''' '''átu''' अ॔तु - merely, only, just
::'''átu tı̋r t̨umre̋nos taƣde̋mom do e̋sa:'''
*It is but three miles to the inn.
::It is but three miles to the inn.
*अ॔तु ति॓र् त्युम्रे॓नोस् तग़्दे॓मोम् दो ए॓स॥
 
*'''átu tı̋r t̨umre̋nos taƣde̋mom do e̋sa:'''
::{| Class=wikitable
:{|
!átu||tı̋r||t̨umre̋n-os||taƣ-de̋m-om||do||e̋s-a
!átu||tı̋r||t̨umre̋n-os||taƣ-de̋m-om||do||e̋s-a
|-
|-
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===Conjunction===
==Conjunction==
*3. '''ši''' - except (for), excluding
*'''3.''' '''de''' दे - on the contrary, but rather, whereas
::'''ne̋xa őpa mús o ši vı̋du e-vűűla:'''
*I am not rich, but poor.
::I had no choice but to leave.
*मु ग़॓भ ने दे पै॓द॥
 
*'''mu ƣa̋va ne. de pe̋e̋da:'''
::{| Class=wikitable
:{|
!ne̋xa-Ø||őp-a||m-ús||o||ši||vı̋d-u||e=vűűl-a
!m-u||ƣa̋v-a||ne||de||pe̋e̋d-a
|-
|-
|no-ABS||choice-N.s||1s-G||to||but||leave-SUP||PST=there.be-IND
|1s-N||be.rich-IND||not||but||be.poor-IND
|}
|}




*4. '''þóósi''' - on the contrary, but rather
*'''4.''' '''ésti''' ए॔स्ति - however, although, nevertheless
::'''mu ƣa̋va ne þóósi pe̋e̋da:'''
*She is very old but still beautiful.
::I am not rich, but poor.
*ए॔यु ल॓बु जै॓रु ए॔स्ति ओ॔दु गो॓बु भू॓अ॥
 
*'''éȝu lábu że̋e̋ru ésti ódu gőbu vűűa:'''
::{| Class=wikitable
:{|
!m-u||ƣa̋v-a||ne||þóósi||pe̋e̋d-a
!éȝ-u||lábu||że̋e̋r-u||ésti||ódu||gőb-u||vűű-a
|-
|-
|1s-N||be-rich-IND||not||but||be.poor-IND
|3-N.s||very||old-N.s||but||still||beautiful-N.s||be-IND
|}
|}




*5. '''ésti''' - however, although, nevertheless
*'''5.''' '''ši''' स्वि - except (for), excluding
::'''su lábu że̋e̋ru ést' ódu gőbu vűűa:'''
*I had no choice but to leave.
::She is very old but still beautiful.
*मु ने॓अ ओ॓पम् स्वि भि॓दु ए-ग़े॓भ॥
 
*'''mu ne̋a őpam ši vı̋du e-ƣe̋va:'''
::{| Class=wikitable
:{|
!n-u||lábu||że̋e̋r-u||ést-'||ódu||gőb-u||vűű-a
!m-u||ne̋a-Ø||őp-am||ši||vı̋d-u||e=ƣe̋v-a
|-
|-
|3-N.s||very||old-N.s||but-ELIS||still||beautiful-N.s||there-be-IND
|1s-N||no-ABS||choice-A.s||but||leave-SUP||PST=have-IND
|}
|}




*6. '''ši''' - except that
*'''6.''' '''ši''' स्वि - except that
::'''mu fe̋e̋a ši de̋gaþ' űta:'''
*I cannot but feel offended.
::I cannot but feel offended.
*मु स्वि दे॓गथु उ॓तु फै॓अ॥
 
*'''mu ši de̋gaþu űtu fe̋e̋a:'''
::{| Class=wikitable
:{|
!m-u||fe̋e̋-a||ši||de̋g-a-þ-'||űt-a
!m-u||ši||de̋g-a-þ-u||űt-u||fe̋e̋-a
|-
|-
|1s-N||be.unable-IND||but||offend-IND-PP-ELIS||feel-IND
|1s-N||but||offend-IND-PP-N.s||feel-SUP||be.unable-IND
|}
|}




*7. '''ši''' - without it being the case that, unless that
*'''7.''' '''ši''' स्वि - without it being the case that, unless that
::'''sűűm̃a néxum ši pőza:'''
*It never rains but it pours.
::It never rains but it pours.
*सू॓म़ ने॔क़ुम् स्वि पो॓स़॥
 
*'''sűűm̃a néxum. ši pőza:'''
::{| Class=wikitable
:{|
!sűűm̃-a||néxum||ši||pőz-a
!sűűm̃-a||néxum||ši||pőz-a
|-
|-
|rain-IND||never||but||pour-IND
|rain-IND||never||but||pour-IND
|}
|}
[[Senjecas - by]]

Latest revision as of 11:43, 9 September 2024

Pronunciation table

peműko
(labial)
 riisűko
(dental) 		muitűko
(alveolar) 		vainűko
(palatal) 		ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(vowels with प) 		nı̋þo ṡ̨uuše̋nos
(weak vowels)
p
 b f v m̃ m t d þ ð ɫ l ṡ ż s z r n k g x ƣ h ȝ š s̨ i e a ɔ o u ı ɛ y
प
 ब फ भ म़ म त द थ ध ल़ ल च ज स स़ र न क ग क़ ग़ ह य स्व स्य इ ई
पि पी 		ए एै
पे पै 		अ आ
प पा 		ऒ ॵ
पॊ पॏ 		ओ औ
पो पौ 		उ ऊ
पु पू 		पं पऺ पॅ
/p/ /b/ /ɸ/ /β/ /m̥/ /m/ /t/ /d/ /θ/ /ð/ /l̥/ /l/ /ʦ/ /ʣ/ /s/ /z/ /ɾ̥/ /n/ /k/ /g/ /ç/ /ʝ/ /j̊/ /j/ /sʷ/ /sʲ/ /i/ /e/ /ä/ /ɒ/ /o/ /u/ /ɪ/ /ɛ/ /ʊ/


Glossing abbreviations

1s/p = 1st person singular/plural ABL = ablative suffix COL = collective F = feminine INT = intensive prefix PRV = privative prefix SUP = supine
2s/p = 2nd person singular/plural ABS = absolutive
(an unmarked modifying adjective) 		DES = desiderative FRQ = frequentative LAT = lative suffix PST = past TRZ = transitivizer
3 = 3rd person ADV = adverb DIM = diminutive FUT = future LOC = locative suffix Q = interrogative particle VOC = vocative particle
A(.s/p) = accusative (singular/plural) AG = agent ELIS = elision IMP = imperative M = masculine QUOT = direct quotation YNG = young
G(.s/p) = genitive (singular/plural) AP = agent (active) participle ELT = elative INC = inchoative OCC = occupation suffix REV = reversive
N(.s/p) = nominative (singular/plural) AUG = augmentative EP = epenthesis IND = indicative PP = patient (past) participle RPR = recent perfective
V(.s/p) = vocative (singular/plural) CAUS = causative EQU = equative degree INS = instrument PRF = perfect SBJ = subjunctive


Postposition

  • 1. ša स्व - without, apart from, except
  • Everyone but Father left.
  • भि॔सु तआत॓ऽ स्व ए-भि॓द॥
  • vísu taata̋' ša e-vı̋da:
vis-u taat-a̋-' ša e=vı̋d-a
everyone-N.s father-G.s-ELIS but PST=leave-IND


Adverb

  • 2. átu अ॔तु - merely, only, just
  • It is but three miles to the inn.
  • अ॔तु ति॓र् त्युम्रे॓नोस् तग़्दे॓मोम् दो ए॓स॥
  • átu tı̋r t̨umre̋nos taƣde̋mom do e̋sa:
átu tı̋r t̨umre̋n-os taƣ-de̋m-om do e̋s-a
but three mile-N.p travel-building-A.s to be-IND


Conjunction

  • 3. de दे - on the contrary, but rather, whereas
  • I am not rich, but poor.
  • मु ग़॓भ ने दे पै॓द॥
  • mu ƣa̋va ne. de pe̋e̋da:
m-u ƣa̋v-a ne de pe̋e̋d-a
1s-N be.rich-IND not but be.poor-IND


  • 4. ésti ए॔स्ति - however, although, nevertheless
  • She is very old but still beautiful.
  • ए॔यु ल॓बु जै॓रु ए॔स्ति ओ॔दु गो॓बु भू॓अ॥
  • éȝu lábu że̋e̋ru ésti ódu gőbu vűűa:
éȝ-u lábu że̋e̋r-u ésti ódu gőb-u vűű-a
3-N.s very old-N.s but still beautiful-N.s be-IND


  • 5. ši स्वि - except (for), excluding
  • I had no choice but to leave.
  • मु ने॓अ ओ॓पम् स्वि भि॓दु ए-ग़े॓भ॥
  • mu ne̋a őpam ši vı̋du e-ƣe̋va:
m-u ne̋a-Ø őp-am ši vı̋d-u e=ƣe̋v-a
1s-N no-ABS choice-A.s but leave-SUP PST=have-IND


  • 6. ši स्वि - except that
  • I cannot but feel offended.
  • मु स्वि दे॓गथु उ॓तु फै॓अ॥
  • mu ši de̋gaþu űtu fe̋e̋a:
m-u ši de̋g-a-þ-u űt-u fe̋e̋-a
1s-N but offend-IND-PP-N.s feel-SUP be.unable-IND


  • 7. ši स्वि - without it being the case that, unless that
  • It never rains but it pours.
  • सू॓म़ ने॔क़ुम् स्वि पो॓स़॥
  • sűűm̃a néxum. ši pőza:
sűűm̃-a néxum ši pőz-a
rain-IND never but pour-IND


Senjecas - by

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