Inote: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
No edit summary
 
No edit summary
 
(24 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
=='''Inote'''==
{{Infobox|name=Inote
Inote is the language of the [[Catmandir]], a feline species from the planet Leo Epsilon IV, better known as [[Ikuna]]. It has 5 vowels and 7 consonants. They are as follows:
|pronounce=/InOte/
|tu=????
|species=[[Inote (race)|Inote]]
|in=[[Nenekir]]
|no=8 million
|script=[[Inote Alphabetic Script]]
|tree=[[Keru-Inoten]]<br>
&nbsp;Inotic<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;'''[[Inote]]'''
|morph=Agglutinating
|ms=Nominative-Accusative
|wo=SVO
|creator=[[User:Sectori|Sectori]]
|date=September 2005}}
The Inote language is a simple agglutinating language. It was originally Sectori's n00blang, but underwent a major grammar revision in late April 2006.


*'''a''' as in f''a''ther
==Phonology/Orthography==
*'''d''' as in ''d''ark
Inote should be written with their own alphabet, untypeable. For convenience, this article will be transcribed in the Latin script.
*'''e''' as in p''e''n
*'''i''' as in ''i''t
*'''k''' as in ''k''ick
*'''n''' as in ''n''un
*'''o''' as in g''o''t
*'''p''' as in ''p''ush
*'''r''' as in ''r''un
*'''s''' as in ''s''lush
*'''t''' as in ''t''ouch
*'''u''' as 'oo' in b''oo''k


All letters are pronounced, no matter what. There are no 'silent e's' in Inote, and no current irregularities.
<br/>
<div style="text-align: center;">


==Syllables==
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
Inote syllables use this structure (C)V(C). There must be a vowel, and it may be followed by a consonant. Dicons are not permitted in Inote, nor are dipthongs. Thus ''ineru'' (to hunt) is permitted, while ''sant'' is not permitted.
!colspan=17 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Consonants
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=2| Bilabial ||colspan=2| Labiod. ||colspan=2| Dental ||colspan=2| Alveolar ||colspan=2| Post-alv. ||colspan=2| Palatal ||colspan=2| Velar ||colspan=2| Glottal
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Nasal || || || || || || || || {{IPA|n}} || || || || || ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Plosive || {{IPA|p}} || || || || || || {{IPA|t}} || {{IPA|d}} || || || || || {{IPA|k}} ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Fricative || || || || || || || {{IPA|s}} || || || || || || || ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Approximant || || || || || || || || {{IPA|ɹ}}
|}


==Nouns==
</div>
Nouns have three cases: nominative, objective, and posssessive.
<br/>
<div style="text-align: center;">


*'''Nominative''' is used as the subject of a sentence and is not changed from the base form.
{| style="text-align: center; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1pt solid #c0c0c0;"
*'''Objective''' is used as the object of a sentence. An objective noun is modified by the addition of ''t-'' (if the word starts with a vowel) or ''ta-'' (if the word starts with a consonant) during the daytime and ''t-'' (if the word starts with a vowel) or ''te-'' (if the word starts with a consonant) during the nighttime.
!colspan=11 style="text-align:center; background: #efefef;"| Vowels
*'''Possessive''' is used to show ownership. A possessive noun is modified by the addition of ''n-'' (if the word starts with a vowel) or ''na-'' (if the word starts with a consonant) during the daytime and ''n-'' (if the word starts with a vowel) or ''ne-'' (if the word starts with a consonant) during the nighttime.
|- style="vertical-align: center; font-size: x-small; height: 2em"
| ||colspan=2| Front ||colspan=2| Near-front ||colspan=2| Central ||colspan=2| Near-back ||colspan=2| Back
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High || ({{IPA|i}}) || || || || || || || || || ({{IPA|u}})
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-high || || {{IPA|ɪ}} || || || || || || {{IPA|ʊ}} || ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| High-mid || || || ({{IPA|e}}) || || || || || || || ({{IPA|o}})
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Mid || || || || || ({{IPA|ə}})
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low-mid || || || {{IPA|ɛ}} || || || || || || || {{IPA|ɔ}}
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Near-low || || ||
|-
|style="text-align: left; font-size: 95%;"| Low || || || || || {{IPA|a}}
|}


Sample nouns:
</div>


*'''neteror'''-storyteller; '''na-/neneteror'''-storyteller's; '''ta-/teneteror'''-[done to] storyteller
The vowels enclosed in parentheses occur only word-finally. Inote is (C)V(C). However, as a rule, Inote does not allow two vowels or two consonants to come in contact in the same word. Orthographically, /{{IPA|ə}} {{IPA|ɛ}} {{IPA|ɪ}} {{IPA|ɔ}} {{IPA|ʊ}}/ are represented as < a e i o u >, as are /a e i o u/ < a e i o u >.
*'''okunus'''-''rabbit''; '''nokonus'''-''rabbit's''; '''tokonus'''-''[done to] rabbit''
*'''porar'''-''corn''; '''na-/neporar'''-''corn's''; '''ta-/teporar'''-''[done to] corn''


==Adjectives==
==Nominal Morphology==
Adjectives are placed before the noun, similarly to English. They do not agree with nouns as in some languages. Sample adjectives:
Nouns agglutinate to show their case: nominative, accusative, genitive, or dative. These cases show a noun's function in a sentence. The '''nominative''' case marks the ''subject'' of a sentence, the one who completes a verb action. The '''accusative''' case marks the ''direct object'' of a sentence, the one who is acted upon by the subject. The '''dative''' case marks the ''indirect object'' of a sentence, the one for whom a verb is done. The '''genitive''' case marks ''possession''. In addition to their normal functions, the accusative and dative cases function as the objects of certain prepositions. Which case a preposition causes will be indicated in the preposition's definition.


*'''otar'''-''other''; '''En otar Inote.'''-''The other catmandir.''
===Noun Declension===
*'''ret'''-''red''; '''En ret pora.'''-''The red nut.''
All nouns decline the same way: by adding one of seven suffixes to their end to mark case. Those eight suffixes are as follows:
*'''ninorak'''-''disloyal''; '''En ninorak ninenek.'''-''The disloyal slave.''


==Verbs==
{| border=1
Verbs in Inote have three [[tense]]s: past, present and future.
! Case || Singular || Plural
|-
| Nom  || -ø  || -(e)n
|-
| Acc  || -(n)a  || -(a)n
|-
| Dat  || -(n)i  || -(i)n
|-
| Gen  || -(n)o  || -(o)n
|}


*'''Past''' is used to talk about thinks that have happened prior to the conversation or writing.
The vowels and '''n'''s enclosed in parentheses are to make sure that a word does not place a vowel next to a vowel or a consonant next to a consonant. Here is the declension of a sample noun: '''iner''' (''hunt'', ''cf''<'''ineru''', ''to hunt'')
*'''Present''' is used to talk about things that are happening at the same time as the conversation or writing.
*'''Future''' is used to talk about things that will happen after the conversation or writing.


Verbs also have six [[person]]s and two temporal differentiators. These are:
{| border=1
! Case || Singular || Plural
|-
| Nom  || iner-ø  || iner-en
|-
| Acc  || iner-a  || iner-an
|-
| Dat  || iner-i  || iner-in
|-
| Gen  || iner-o  || iner-on
|}
Here is the declension of a sample noun that ends in a vowel: '''nina''' (''cloud'', ''cf''<'''niner''', ''far'')
{| border=1
! Case || Singular || Plural
|-
| Nom  || nina-ø  || nina-n
|-
| Acc  || nina-na  || nina-n
|-
| Dat  || nina-ni  || nina-n
|-
| Gen  || nina-no  || nina-n
|}
This declension pattern is true of pronouns as well. Pronouns will be covered more later.


*'''1st [[Person]] Singular'''-I do something
==Verbal Morphology==
*'''2nd [[Person]] Singular'''-you do something
Inote verbs, like nouns, agglutinate. As with many of Sectori's languages, Inote verbs show three moods: indicative, subjunctive, and imperative. Similar to, for example, [['Ukana'akau]], Inote also shows three tenses: past, present, and future. Finally, verbs show person, number, and time of day. Yes, you read that correctly. Time of day. Inote verbs reflect whether their actions occur between sunrise and sunset or between sunset and sunrise. Inote verb infinitives end in '''-ru'''. Here is a table of verb affixes, which replace the infinitive ending.
*'''3rd [[Person]] Singular'''-he, she, or it does something
*'''1st [[Person]] Plural'''-we do something
*'''2nd [[Person]] Plural'''-you (plural) do something
*'''3rd [[Person]] Plural'''-they do something
*'''Daytime differentiator'''-the verb action occurred/occurs/will occur during the day. Events that happened at unknown times are automatically assumed to happen during the day.
*'''Nighttime differentiator'''-the verb action occurred/occurs/will occur during the night.


These are represented by pronouns. All sample pronouns are in the daytime differentiator. To make them nighttime, change the beginning ''a-'' to ''e-''.
{| border=1
| || Ind. Pres. || Ind. Past || Ind. Fut. || Subj. Pres. || Subj. Past. || Subj. Fut. || Imp. Pres.
|-
| 1Ps Day  || -runa || -rana || -rona || -runat || -ranat || -ronat || -runak
|-
| 1Ps Night  || -rune || -rane || -rone || -runet || -ranet ||-ronet || -runet
|-
| 2Ps Day  || -ruta || -rata || -rota || -rutat || -ratat || -rotat || -rutak
|-
| 2Ps Night  || -rute || -rate || -rote || -rutet || -ratet || -rotet || -rutek
|-
| 3Pm Day  || -rura || -rara || -rora || -rurat || -rarat || -rorat || -rurak
|-
| 3Pm Night  || -rure || -rare || -rore || -ruret || -raret || -roret || -rurek
|-
| 3Pf Day  || -ruka || -raka ||-roka || -rukat || -rakat || -rokat || -rukak
|-
| 3Pf Night  || -ruke || -rake || -roke || -ruket || -raket || -roket || -rukek
|-
| 3Ps Day  || -rupa || -rapa || -ropa || -rupat || -rapat || -ropat || -rupak
|-
| 3Ps Night  || -rupe || -rape || -rope || -rupet || -rapet || -ropet || -rupek
|-
| 1Pp Day  || -runan || -ranan || -ronan || -runanet || -rananet || -ronanet || -runanik
|-
| 1Pp Night  || -runen || -ranen || -ronen || -runenet || -ranenet || -ronenet || -runenik
|-
| 2Pp Day  || -rutan || -ratan || -rotan || -rutanet || -ratanet || -rotanet || -rutanik
|-
| 2Pp Night  || -ruten || -raten || -roten || -rutenet || -ratenet || -rotenet || -rutenik
|-
| 3Pp Day  || -rupan || -rapan || -ropan || -rupanet || -rapanet || -ropanet || -rupanik
|-
| 3Pp Night  || -rupen || -rapen || -ropen || -rupenet || -rapenet || -ropenet || -rupenik
|}


*'''Ane'''-''I''
The key to the abbreviations may be found [[Sectori's Abbreviation Key|here]].
*'''Ate'''-''you''
*'''Are'''-''he''
*'''Ake'''-''she''
*'''Ape'''-''it''
*'''Anen'''-''we''
*'''Aten'''-''you (plural)''
*'''Apen'''-''they''


To conjugate an infinitive verb for the present tense (a verb ending in -ru), add the first two letters of the appropriate pronoun to the ending and add -n for plurals.
===Uses of the Subjunctive===
Important to know, always. The subjunctive is used, as in most of Sectori's languages, in relative clauses, or following relative pronouns or conjunctions other than ''and'' and ''or''. It also is used in sentences expressing doubt, possibility, and insecurity. So, '''per inerutat''', ''but you might hunt'', but not '''an inerutat''', ''and you might hunt''.


*'''Ineru'''-''to hunt''; '''ineruna'''-''I hunt''
===Compound Tenses===
*'''Iperu'''-''to be''; '''iperuka'''-''she is''
There are a number of verb constructions that can be used to make so-called "compound" tenses: perfect, imperfect, progressive. To form the perfect tense, you need to know how to form the past participle (also the adjective form) of a verb. The past participle is made by replacing the final -u in the infinitive with -onu.
*'''Inuru'''-''to live''; '''iperutan'''-''you live (plural)''
 
*'''Inoru'''-''to fight''; '''inorupan'''-''they fight''
*'''iperu'''>'''iperonu'''
*'''tireru'''>'''tireronu'''
 
Then, form the perfect tense by placing the past participle after an appropriately conjugated form of '''inuru''' (a verb in and of itself, ''to live''). The perfect is equivalent to such constructions as English ''I have run'', ''I will have lived'', and the like.
 
*'''inurana iperonu''': I had lived
*'''inurutat tireronu''': you might have burned
 
To form the imperfect and progressive tenses, you must know how to form the present participle of a verb. The present participle is formed by replacing the final -u in the infinitive with -ot.
 
*'''iperu'''>'''iperot'''
*'''tireru'''>'''tirerot'''
 
Then, form the imperfect tense by placing the present participle of a verb after an appropriately conjugated form of '''iperu''' (''to be''). The imperfect is similar to such English constructions as ''I am running'', ''I will be living'', and the like. Form the progressive by placing the present participle of a verb after an appropriately conjugated form of '''tanoru''' (''to go''). The progressive is equivalent to English ''I am going to run'', ''I was going to live'', and the like.
 
*'''iperuna iperot''': I am being
*'''tanorana tirerot''': I was going to burn
 
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:A priori conlangs]]

Latest revision as of 13:58, 13 May 2006


Inote
Pronounced: /InOte/
Timeline and Universe:  ????
Species: Inote
Spoken: Nenekir
Total speakers: 8 million
Writing system: Inote Alphabetic Script
Genealogy: Keru-Inoten

 Inotic

  Inote
Typology
Morphological type: Agglutinating
Morphosyntactic alignment: Nominative-Accusative
Basic word order: SVO
Credits
Creator: Sectori
Created: September 2005

The Inote language is a simple agglutinating language. It was originally Sectori's n00blang, but underwent a major grammar revision in late April 2006.

Phonology/Orthography

Inote should be written with their own alphabet, untypeable. For convenience, this article will be transcribed in the Latin script.


Consonants
Bilabial Labiod. Dental Alveolar Post-alv. Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal n
Plosive p t d k
Fricative s
Approximant ɹ


Vowels
Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
High (i) (u)
Near-high ɪ ʊ
High-mid (e) (o)
Mid (ə)
Low-mid ɛ ɔ
Near-low
Low a

The vowels enclosed in parentheses occur only word-finally. Inote is (C)V(C). However, as a rule, Inote does not allow two vowels or two consonants to come in contact in the same word. Orthographically, /ə ɛ ɪ ɔ ʊ/ are represented as < a e i o u >, as are /a e i o u/ < a e i o u >.

Nominal Morphology

Nouns agglutinate to show their case: nominative, accusative, genitive, or dative. These cases show a noun's function in a sentence. The nominative case marks the subject of a sentence, the one who completes a verb action. The accusative case marks the direct object of a sentence, the one who is acted upon by the subject. The dative case marks the indirect object of a sentence, the one for whom a verb is done. The genitive case marks possession. In addition to their normal functions, the accusative and dative cases function as the objects of certain prepositions. Which case a preposition causes will be indicated in the preposition's definition.

Noun Declension

All nouns decline the same way: by adding one of seven suffixes to their end to mark case. Those eight suffixes are as follows:

Case Singular Plural
Nom -ø -(e)n
Acc -(n)a -(a)n
Dat -(n)i -(i)n
Gen -(n)o -(o)n

The vowels and ns enclosed in parentheses are to make sure that a word does not place a vowel next to a vowel or a consonant next to a consonant. Here is the declension of a sample noun: iner (hunt, cf<ineru, to hunt)

Case Singular Plural
Nom iner-ø iner-en
Acc iner-a iner-an
Dat iner-i iner-in
Gen iner-o iner-on

Here is the declension of a sample noun that ends in a vowel: nina (cloud, cf<niner, far)

Case Singular Plural
Nom nina-ø nina-n
Acc nina-na nina-n
Dat nina-ni nina-n
Gen nina-no nina-n

This declension pattern is true of pronouns as well. Pronouns will be covered more later.

Verbal Morphology

Inote verbs, like nouns, agglutinate. As with many of Sectori's languages, Inote verbs show three moods: indicative, subjunctive, and imperative. Similar to, for example, 'Ukana'akau, Inote also shows three tenses: past, present, and future. Finally, verbs show person, number, and time of day. Yes, you read that correctly. Time of day. Inote verbs reflect whether their actions occur between sunrise and sunset or between sunset and sunrise. Inote verb infinitives end in -ru. Here is a table of verb affixes, which replace the infinitive ending.

Ind. Pres. Ind. Past Ind. Fut. Subj. Pres. Subj. Past. Subj. Fut. Imp. Pres.
1Ps Day -runa -rana -rona -runat -ranat -ronat -runak
1Ps Night -rune -rane -rone -runet -ranet -ronet -runet
2Ps Day -ruta -rata -rota -rutat -ratat -rotat -rutak
2Ps Night -rute -rate -rote -rutet -ratet -rotet -rutek
3Pm Day -rura -rara -rora -rurat -rarat -rorat -rurak
3Pm Night -rure -rare -rore -ruret -raret -roret -rurek
3Pf Day -ruka -raka -roka -rukat -rakat -rokat -rukak
3Pf Night -ruke -rake -roke -ruket -raket -roket -rukek
3Ps Day -rupa -rapa -ropa -rupat -rapat -ropat -rupak
3Ps Night -rupe -rape -rope -rupet -rapet -ropet -rupek
1Pp Day -runan -ranan -ronan -runanet -rananet -ronanet -runanik
1Pp Night -runen -ranen -ronen -runenet -ranenet -ronenet -runenik
2Pp Day -rutan -ratan -rotan -rutanet -ratanet -rotanet -rutanik
2Pp Night -ruten -raten -roten -rutenet -ratenet -rotenet -rutenik
3Pp Day -rupan -rapan -ropan -rupanet -rapanet -ropanet -rupanik
3Pp Night -rupen -rapen -ropen -rupenet -rapenet -ropenet -rupenik

The key to the abbreviations may be found here.

Uses of the Subjunctive

Important to know, always. The subjunctive is used, as in most of Sectori's languages, in relative clauses, or following relative pronouns or conjunctions other than and and or. It also is used in sentences expressing doubt, possibility, and insecurity. So, per inerutat, but you might hunt, but not an inerutat, and you might hunt.

Compound Tenses

There are a number of verb constructions that can be used to make so-called "compound" tenses: perfect, imperfect, progressive. To form the perfect tense, you need to know how to form the past participle (also the adjective form) of a verb. The past participle is made by replacing the final -u in the infinitive with -onu.

  • iperu>iperonu
  • tireru>tireronu

Then, form the perfect tense by placing the past participle after an appropriately conjugated form of inuru (a verb in and of itself, to live). The perfect is equivalent to such constructions as English I have run, I will have lived, and the like.

  • inurana iperonu: I had lived
  • inurutat tireronu: you might have burned

To form the imperfect and progressive tenses, you must know how to form the present participle of a verb. The present participle is formed by replacing the final -u in the infinitive with -ot.

  • iperu>iperot
  • tireru>tirerot

Then, form the imperfect tense by placing the present participle of a verb after an appropriately conjugated form of iperu (to be). The imperfect is similar to such English constructions as I am running, I will be living, and the like. Form the progressive by placing the present participle of a verb after an appropriately conjugated form of tanoru (to go). The progressive is equivalent to English I am going to run, I was going to live, and the like.

  • iperuna iperot: I am being
  • tanorana tirerot: I was going to burn
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=Inote&oldid=8997"