User:Masako/pataka: Difference between revisions

From FrathWiki
Jump to navigationJump to search
Line 41: Line 41:
Kala phonotactics does not allow the onsets of adjacent syllables to be identical, nor both to be labialized or palatalized. (There are a few exceptions to this, such as <b>tata</b> for the informal/familiar form of father, etc.) Syllables beginning with /l/ do not occur as the first syllable of a headword.
Kala phonotactics does not allow the onsets of adjacent syllables to be identical, nor both to be labialized or palatalized. (There are a few exceptions to this, such as <b>tata</b> for the informal/familiar form of father, etc.) Syllables beginning with /l/ do not occur as the first syllable of a headword.


Much like Japanese and Chinese, Kala has a limited number of syllables.  
Much like Japanese and Chinese, Kala has a limited number of syllables.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; width:400px;"
|+ Syllables ('''tloko''')
!
! a !! e !! i !! o !! u !! ai !! ao
|-
! p
| '''pa''' || '''pe''' || '''pi''' || '''po''' || '''pu''' || '''pai''' || '''pao'''
|-
! t
| '''ta''' || '''te''' || '''ti''' || '''to''' || ''' ''' || '''tai''' || '''tao'''
|-
! k
| '''ka''' || '''ke''' || '''ki''' || '''ko''' || '''ku''' || '''kai''' || '''kao'''
|-
! m
| '''ma''' || '''me''' || '''mi''' || '''mo''' || '''mu''' || '''mai''' || '''mao'''
|-
! n
| '''na''' || '''ne''' || '''ni''' || '''no''' || '''nu''' || '''nai''' || '''nao'''
|-
! s
| '''sa''' || '''se''' || '''si''' || '''so''' || '''su''' || '''sai''' || '''sao'''
|-
! h
| '''ha''' || '''he''' || '''hi''' || '''ho''' || '''hu''' || '''hai''' || '''hao'''
|-
! ts
| '''tsa''' || '''tse''' || '''tsi''' || '''tso''' || '''tsu''' || '''tsai''' || '''tsao'''
|-
! tl
| '''tla''' || '''tle''' || '''tli''' || '''tlo''' || ''' ''' || '''tlai''' || '''tlao'''
|-
! l
| '''la''' || '''le''' || '''li''' || '''lo''' || ''' ''' || '''lai''' || '''lao'''
|-
! a
| '''a''' || '''e''' || '''i''' || '''o''' || '''u''' || '''ai''' || '''ao'''
|-
! mp
| '''mpa''' || '''mpe''' || '''mpi''' || '''mpo''' || '''mpu''' || ''' ''' || ''' '''
|-
! nt
| '''nta''' || '''nte''' || '''nti''' || '''nto''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' '''
|-
! nk
| '''nka''' || '''nke''' || '''nki''' || '''nko''' || '''nku''' || ''' ''' || ''' '''
|-
! pu
| '''pua''' || '''pue''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''puai''' || ''' '''
|-
! ku
| '''kua''' || '''kue''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''kuai''' || ''' '''
|-
! mu
| '''mua''' || '''mue''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''muai''' || ''' '''
|-
! nu
| '''nua''' || '''nue''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''nuai''' || ''' '''
|-
! su
| '''sua''' || '''sue''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''suai''' || ''' '''
|-
! hu
| '''hua''' || '''hue''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''huai''' || ''' '''
|-
! tsu
| '''tsua''' || '''tsue''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''tsuai''' || ''' '''
|-
! u
| '''ua''' || '''ue''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''uai''' || ''' '''
|-
! py
| '''pya''' || '''pye''' || ''' ''' || '''pyo''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''pyao'''
|-
! ky
| '''kya''' || '''kye''' || ''' ''' || '''kyo''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''kyao'''
|-
! my
| '''mya''' || '''mye''' || ''' ''' || '''myo''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''myao'''
|-
! ny
| '''nya''' || '''nye''' || ''' ''' || '''nyo''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''nyao'''
|-
! hy
| '''hya''' || '''hye''' || ''' ''' || '''hyo''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''hyao'''
|-
! y
| '''ya''' || '''ye''' || ''' ''' || '''yo''' || ''' ''' || ''' ''' || '''yao'''
|}


== syllable structure ==
== syllable structure ==

Revision as of 08:42, 27 September 2015

Phonology

Consonants (hapu)
Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasals m (m) n (n) ɲ (ny)
Plosives p~b (p) t~d (t) k~g (k) ʔ (')
Affricates t͡ɬ~tl (tl) / t͡ʃ~ts (ts)
Continuants l~r (l) / s~ʃ (s) h~ɦ (h)
Semivowels j (y) w (u)
Vowels (musa)
Front Central Back
Close i (i) u (u)
Mid e (e) o (o)
Open a (a)

phonotactics

Kala phonotactics does not allow the onsets of adjacent syllables to be identical, nor both to be labialized or palatalized. (There are a few exceptions to this, such as tata for the informal/familiar form of father, etc.) Syllables beginning with /l/ do not occur as the first syllable of a headword.

Much like Japanese and Chinese, Kala has a limited number of syllables.

Syllables (tloko)
a e i o u ai ao
p pa pe pi po pu pai pao
t ta te ti to tai tao
k ka ke ki ko ku kai kao
m ma me mi mo mu mai mao
n na ne ni no nu nai nao
s sa se si so su sai sao
h ha he hi ho hu hai hao
ts tsa tse tsi tso tsu tsai tsao
tl tla tle tli tlo tlai tlao
l la le li lo lai lao
a a e i o u ai ao
mp mpa mpe mpi mpo mpu
nt nta nte nti nto
nk nka nke nki nko nku
pu pua pue puai
ku kua kue kuai
mu mua mue muai
nu nua nue nuai
su sua sue suai
hu hua hue huai
tsu tsua tsue tsuai
u ua ue uai
py pya pye pyo pyao
ky kya kye kyo kyao
my mya mye myo myao
ny nya nye nyo nyao
hy hya hye hyo hyao
y ya ye yo yao

syllable structure

All syllables are of the form (N)(C)V(n, m, k), that is, optional prenasal + optional consonant + vowel + optional final, or V, NCV, CV, VF, CVF, NCVF. CV is the most common syllable type. Most content words are disyllabic; while function words are monosyllables and inflected words are trisyllables.

Pronouns

Pronouns (nkalo)
Agent Patient Possessive Reflexive Reciprocal
1sg na ena nayo na'i
2sg ta eta tayo ta'i
3sg ha eha hayo ha'i
4sg tla etla tlayo tla'i
1pl nam enam namyo nami nanku
1pl.excl na'am ena'am na'amyo na'ami na'anku
2pl tam etam tamyo tami tanku
3pl kam ekam kamyo kami kanku
4pl tlam etlam tlamyo tlami tlanku
Retrieved from "http://www.frathwiki.com/index.php?title=User:Masako/pataka&oldid=87563"