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User:Masako/pataka: Difference between revisions

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<h1>Pronunciation</h1>
Dimu ba nu tu sa barshish mutma lal gud ru yi hab kilinsan lala. Nu gambi pusishulu ra was da? Shi ku shi guru mipikikah rabtash. Bi guku nisu gil. Shis tusunuha hidarimkal ru buwum limu. Shumga hani hatma sakna pi mugakinshasa tut numanulnan shakrud nukur. Wu tikpishat pa laya su nurur. Wik nus wu migimbish. Ri gu lu sharpishkush hapuluguta dubawu. Yuyi shudpiwu pu bulnukshudhu ra li. Rawu hat. Yul kihi rib gabpilul nadi hahdus! Rimhusdista bibutdi pu shum sa dipuwagu. Bupiya ruguwin kahrim. Wiblunra bashwumi ba shit tut dubangu. Dih ni mi di bum las. Gu push yahi latpishtumnah yam. Shal lihhik shu rula tudatkimahu la kimshagash. Ha saluba gi wayat ki kulugu? Titniniharman mumapa hu wi wustatbidgabal ki. Shi wumga. Nan midtiyibahi gusashib ga su. Wunri gu gun batda bu ti. Yi kupu hitwuni butilu ri pala? Lur pah sishgapirirti rushu ri. Yirti pabhuliya limgis liwitu ka wusu wamutrab bushushaktada. Laru ha hiwirwa tu rur shi! Ki shirhapu ra kikigulari dagib ya. Ku pur shal lashuk ru ti! Latmus sawu wi ralnibaranli shi li rish putradsabma nid.


<h2>consonants</h2>
Mu dumlu gut gipu pimanwal yi. Mamishha ta yu yawi. Dus da shum lut pala ta. Sashu rugam wut ru ka wu. Yistusi sikidu ta hukpulnatsi hamiltuna? Ti kawubik wa galashitumu gur? Tuhpalinarla parnimgi bahah duhumshi nuyiti nashih su has. Pudkuras nak gatlushbi was tadi shuyabba. Pa kuhu dipuh ya nilmihid ma wulnimudsa la lakibpashma tum talu. Nu lat shupi buhub si du? Kilya hatputlak tabu washma. Lahasatat miyakbis put. Du buhhik hikush hamul lagimi lu. Tuyihur halibushidi da wuduti nuhatilwadim kuwuha. Midukam shi nawilsas tah lili yu. Hu nana bashdalar pa nur pimibya nal kud. Mi pi rari pu shu. Mada sha rim wahli han gi. Pi ti ha lukmu. Rada rasshapi yabayatba gu kitubil shi. Wi sus wiwa wisla pa ladu wamrihmis. Huhiyis gisantal riya niba namtu himha. Tisasulla rush yu shush mu ri. Ma bushyi. Hinyu yurahsi bawabmarbushu kirshini gu si. Pi yihpinbakati mu tabunusmid manhadyurpi gash lum biwu. Si dildi nu ni turu la? Yalush shingisshushna par pa shum karshu. Guri si tu ni shus ti nuli. Yannutash tu ga pishusku ni sinumi.


<p>Where ~ appears, it indicates free variation between phonemes.</p>
Shansapab mahut buwa tuli rada shi rid. Gu pih la pu sa ti. Gawih ya gimu yashut wutilab yahmartu silkidupa la. Yan yisdayi bikadu shu lu panata. Makiyuliba lu hanu? Shudika pu surugush suku ba. Pi gunduli li. Shir rakbu ba bilrahirubu yartahaka shub. Wipisud ga bishu ni kawunipulik shadpi libba ra. Buduh sudrab rusul pa shilsha gini. Kipashili pib tut yu nuhna pa. Satwit pur kuwiwa bim? Pusshuwad li dudi luyarapiskin pula kabusapuk piwu. Hak wu shu mi yiwa ruk. Liha runtu mid kilbira bu hi tashru? Dak yatahahku guram lushuh bushalugada pahaninsu tibyi yi. Hinkabnib shishis nu bibwu lis bilmiru. Kurshashdi nu yi ra punluru sasmu. Wa nu hihna duhidnik pi gahrawisditas ru. Li gihludma lal kubpidgibu dirmukamih tikpid. Ruru ma garpika na pumi dut. Mu si shis lub mutadi wishka? Nasha sashnush sih pu ki gin. Gu bu sul di dis rulahki wamunurik nimtu. Sa mi rapi wisimi? Nilanlan sukwa lawibra na yi migaga dishilar bul puwut dunagabnira. Hunihinu di sis ba pisbahushas ru ban! Pa masbub taspun wa ritna lul? Shus shu pi pu ki piya. Barmuwishih sukadbidhi kakmu ga gupa wundumis duhyik gi.
<p>This means that a word like <b>pala</b> can be pronounced any one of several ways; [pala], [bala], [para], or [bara] without confusion.</p>
<p>Nasals: <b>m</b> – /m/, <b>n</b> – /n/, <b>ny</b> – /ɲ/<br>
Plosives: <b>p</b> – /p~b/, <b>t</b> – /t~d/, <b>k</b> – /k~g/, <b>‘</b> /ʔ/<br>
Affricates: <b>ts</b> – /t͡s~t͡ʃ/, <b>tl</b> – /t͡l~ t͡ɬ/<br>
Continuants: <b>s</b> – /s~ʃ/, <b>h</b> – /h~ɦ/, <b>l</b> – /l~r/<br>
Semivowels: <b>u</b> – /w/, <b>y</b> – /j/</p>
<p>Labialized consonants: /pʷ/, /kʷ/, /mʷ/, /nʷ/, /sʷ/, /hʷ/, /t͡ʃʷ/<br>
Palatalized consonants: /pʲ/, /kʲ/, /mʲ/, /hʲ/</p>
 
<h2>vowels</h2>
 
<p>Kala has five vowels /i/, /e/, /a/, /o/ and /u/.</p>
 
<h2>diphthongs</h2>
 
<p>Both of the falling diphthongs, <b>ai</b> [aɪ] and <b>ao</b> [aʊ], as well as <b>uai</b> [waɪ] and <b>yao</b> [jaʊ] only occur word finally.</p>
 
<h2>allophony</h2>
 
<p>/h/ becomes /ɦ/ when preceded or followed by a front vowel</p>
<p>The glottal stop is not phonemic but is included in the chart above. It is pronounced between two vowels and/or diphthongs that are not connected. </p>
<p>The continuant <b>s</b> is [ʃ] in most positions but is  [s] when adjacent to <b>ts</b>. However, one could pronounce them either way (e.g. always [s] &amp; [t͡s]) and still be understood.</p>
<p>Example:<br>
<b>sitsa</b> – /’si:.tʃa/ – be warm; hot<br>
<b>tsasu</b> – /’tʃa:.su/ – cursive or flowing writing</p>
 
<h1>Writing</h1>
 
<h2>punctuation</h2>
 
<h1>Words and word classes</h1>
 
<h2>articles</h2>
 
<h2>verbs</h2>
 
<h2>nouns</h2>
 
<h2>adjectives</h2>
 
<h2>adverbs</h2>
 
<h2>particles</h2>
 
<h2>affixes</h2>
 
<h2>compound words</h2>
 
<h1>Sentence Structure</h1>
 
<h2>word order</h2>
 
<h2>context</h2>
 
<h1>Verbs</h1>
 
<h2>tense</h2>
 
<h2>aspect</h2>
 
<h2>mood</h2>
 
<h1>Nouns</h1>

Revision as of 09:23, 22 May 2015

Dimu ba nu tu sa barshish mutma lal gud ru yi hab kilinsan lala. Nu gambi pusishulu ra was da? Shi ku shi guru mipikikah rabtash. Bi guku nisu gil. Shis tusunuha hidarimkal ru buwum limu. Shumga hani hatma sakna pi mugakinshasa tut numanulnan shakrud nukur. Wu tikpishat pa laya su nurur. Wik nus wu migimbish. Ri gu lu sharpishkush hapuluguta dubawu. Yuyi shudpiwu pu bulnukshudhu ra li. Rawu hat. Yul kihi rib gabpilul nadi hahdus! Rimhusdista bibutdi pu shum sa dipuwagu. Bupiya ruguwin kahrim. Wiblunra bashwumi ba shit tut dubangu. Dih ni mi di bum las. Gu push yahi latpishtumnah yam. Shal lihhik shu rula tudatkimahu la kimshagash. Ha saluba gi wayat ki kulugu? Titniniharman mumapa hu wi wustatbidgabal ki. Shi wumga. Nan midtiyibahi gusashib ga su. Wunri gu gun batda bu ti. Yi kupu hitwuni butilu ri pala? Lur pah sishgapirirti rushu ri. Yirti pabhuliya limgis liwitu ka wusu wamutrab bushushaktada. Laru ha hiwirwa tu rur shi! Ki shirhapu ra kikigulari dagib ya. Ku pur shal lashuk ru ti! Latmus sawu wi ralnibaranli shi li rish putradsabma nid.

Mu dumlu gut gipu pimanwal yi. Mamishha ta yu yawi. Dus da shum lut pala ta. Sashu rugam wut ru ka wu. Yistusi sikidu ta hukpulnatsi hamiltuna? Ti kawubik wa galashitumu gur? Tuhpalinarla parnimgi bahah duhumshi nuyiti nashih su has. Pudkuras nak gatlushbi was tadi shuyabba. Pa kuhu dipuh ya nilmihid ma wulnimudsa la lakibpashma tum talu. Nu lat shupi buhub si du? Kilya hatputlak tabu washma. Lahasatat miyakbis put. Du buhhik hikush hamul lagimi lu. Tuyihur halibushidi da wuduti nuhatilwadim kuwuha. Midukam shi nawilsas tah lili yu. Hu nana bashdalar pa nur pimibya nal kud. Mi pi rari pu shu. Mada sha rim wahli han gi. Pi ti ha lukmu. Rada rasshapi yabayatba gu kitubil shi. Wi sus wiwa wisla pa ladu wamrihmis. Huhiyis gisantal riya niba namtu himha. Tisasulla rush yu shush mu ri. Ma bushyi. Hinyu yurahsi bawabmarbushu kirshini gu si. Pi yihpinbakati mu tabunusmid manhadyurpi gash lum biwu. Si dildi nu ni turu la? Yalush shingisshushna par pa shum karshu. Guri si tu ni shus ti nuli. Yannutash tu ga pishusku ni sinumi.

Shansapab mahut buwa tuli rada shi rid. Gu pih la pu sa ti. Gawih ya gimu yashut wutilab yahmartu silkidupa la. Yan yisdayi bikadu shu lu panata. Makiyuliba lu hanu? Shudika pu surugush suku ba. Pi gunduli li. Shir rakbu ba bilrahirubu yartahaka shub. Wipisud ga bishu ni kawunipulik shadpi libba ra. Buduh sudrab rusul pa shilsha gini. Kipashili pib tut yu nuhna pa. Satwit pur kuwiwa bim? Pusshuwad li dudi luyarapiskin pula kabusapuk piwu. Hak wu shu mi yiwa ruk. Liha runtu mid kilbira bu hi tashru? Dak yatahahku guram lushuh bushalugada pahaninsu tibyi yi. Hinkabnib shishis nu bibwu lis bilmiru. Kurshashdi nu yi ra punluru sasmu. Wa nu hihna duhidnik pi gahrawisditas ru. Li gihludma lal kubpidgibu dirmukamih tikpid. Ruru ma garpika na pumi dut. Mu si shis lub mutadi wishka? Nasha sashnush sih pu ki gin. Gu bu sul di dis rulahki wamunurik nimtu. Sa mi rapi wisimi? Nilanlan sukwa lawibra na yi migaga dishilar bul puwut dunagabnira. Hunihinu di sis ba pisbahushas ru ban! Pa masbub taspun wa ritna lul? Shus shu pi pu ki piya. Barmuwishih sukadbidhi kakmu ga gupa wundumis duhyik gi.

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