User:Masako/pataka: Difference between revisions
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| Line 36: | Line 36: | ||
: rain | : rain | ||
: <i>It is raining</i> or <i>Rain!</i> | : <i>It is raining</i> or <i>Rain!</i> | ||
<h3>tense</h3> | |||
* To express the tense, simple suffixes are used: | * To express the tense, simple suffixes are used: | ||
| Line 48: | Line 50: | ||
: bird fly-FUT | : bird fly-FUT | ||
: <i>The bird will fly.</i> | : <i>The bird will fly.</i> | ||
<h3>subject vs object</h3> | |||
* <b>kuatla tsikua inaye</b> | |||
:snake bird eat-PST | |||
:<i>The snake ate the bird.</i> | |||
* In the above the strict <b>SVO</b> word order indicates that the bird is the object, or patient (recipient of the action). The particle <b>ke</b> marks the patient. It also function as a nominalizer (makes it a noun). The below is an example of a phrase that lacks a subject: | |||
* <b>ke tsikua inaye</b> | |||
:O bird eat-PST | |||
:<i>The bird was eaten.</i> | |||
Revision as of 17:19, 7 May 2015
Kala’s grammar is fairly regular and equally as simple. This is an explanation based on a story. The story is fairly simple and involves a few situations that are common to the human experience.
characters
- yohano - John
- mikelo - Michael
- susana - Susan
creatures
- kuatla - snake
- mita - dog
- tsikua - bird
colors
- yana - yellow
- nila - blue
- oya - black
numbers
- na'o - one
- tsa'o - six
- ue'o - ten
phrases
- na ina
- 1sg eat
- I eat. or I am eating.
- This is the simplest type of phrase in Kala. It includes the subject na and the action ina. The important thing to recognize is that ina can also mean food. The clue to its meaning in this phrase is word order, which, in Kala, is always (Subject)-(Object)-Verb. Verbs can be used alone when the phrase is an interjection, simply a statement of observance, or response to a question. Note the example below:
- pana
- rain
- It is raining or Rain!
tense
- To express the tense, simple suffixes are used:
- mita inaye
- dog eat-PST
- The dog ate.
- (note the lack of a definite article)
- tsikua ilatli
- bird fly-FUT
- The bird will fly.
subject vs object
- kuatla tsikua inaye
- snake bird eat-PST
- The snake ate the bird.
- In the above the strict SVO word order indicates that the bird is the object, or patient (recipient of the action). The particle ke marks the patient. It also function as a nominalizer (makes it a noun). The below is an example of a phrase that lacks a subject:
- ke tsikua inaye
- O bird eat-PST
- The bird was eaten.
