Diaeresis Below: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 01:36, 7 May 2015

This is the lower counterpart to diaeresis/umlaut. It is used in IPA to indicate breathy voice.

Characters with Diaeresis Below
◌̤	Ṳ	ṳ
U+0324	U+1E72	U+1E73
Combining Diaeresis Below	Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis Below	Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis Below

Uses of Diaeresis Below
Usage	Language	Letters	Notes
Alphabet extension	Min Dong (Fuzhou dialect, Foochow romanization)	A̤a̤ /ɛ, a/, À̤à̤ /ɛ˥˧, a˥˧/, Á̤á̤ /ɛ˨˩˨, a˨˩˨/, Â̤â̤ /ɛ˨˦˨, a˨˦˨/, Ā̤ā̤ /ɛ˧, a˧/, Ă̤ă̤ /ɛ˥, a˥/, E̤e̤ /œ/, È̤è̤ /œ˥˧/, É̤é̤ /œ˨˩˨/, Ê̤ê̤ /œ˨˦˨/, Ē̤ē̤ /œ˧/, Ĕ̤ĕ̤ /œ˥/, O̤o̤ /o, ɔ/, Ò̤ò̤ /o˥˧, ɔ˥˧/, Ó̤ó̤ /o˨˩˨, ɔ˨˩˨/, Ô̤ô̤ /o˨˦˨, ɔ˨˦˨/, Ō̤ō̤ /o˧, ɔ˧/, Ŏ̤ŏ̤ /o˥, ɔ˥/, Ṳṳ /y/, Ṳ̀ṳ̀ /y˥˧/, Ṳ́ṳ́ /y˨˩˨/, Ṳ̂ṳ̂ /y˨˦˨/, Ṳ̄ṳ̄ /y˧/, Ṳ̆ṳ̆ /y˥/	Note that A̤a̤ and O̤o̤ do not normally occur without a tone diacritic (E̤e̤, Ṳṳ can appear without their own tone diacritic as part of a diphthong). Of all these characters, only Ṳṳ is precomposed.

Uses of Diaeresis Below
Use	Transcription system	Notes
Breathy voice	International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)	Used for both consonants and vowels, though consonants may also be marked with ʱ.

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 | Alphabet extension
 | [[Wikipedia:Eastern_Ming|Min Dong]] ([[Wikipedia:Fuzhou_dialect|Fuzhou]] dialect, [[Wikipedia:Foochow_Romanized|Foochow]] romanization)
-| À̤à̤ /ɛ˥˧/, Á̤á̤ /ɛ˨˩˨/, Â̤â̤ /ɛ˨˦˨/, Ā̤ā̤ /ɛ˧/, Ă̤ă̤ /ɛ˥/, È̤è̤ /ø˥˧/, É̤é̤ /ø˨˩˨/, Ê̤ê̤ /ø˨˦˨/, Ē̤ē̤ /ø˧/, Ĕ̤ĕ̤ /ø˥/, Ò̤ò̤ /ɔ˥˧/, Ó̤ó̤ /ɔ˨˩˨/, Ô̤ô̤ /ɔ˨˦˨/, Ō̤ō̤ /ɔ˧/, Ŏ̤ŏ̤ /ɔ˥/, Ṳ̀ṳ̀ /y˥˧/, Ṳ́ṳ́ /y˨˩˨/, Ṳ̂ṳ̂ /y˨˦˨/, Ṳ̄ṳ̄ /y˧/, Ṳ̆ṳ̆ /y˥/
+| A̤a̤ /ɛ, a/, À̤à̤ /ɛ˥˧, a˥˧/, Á̤á̤ /ɛ˨˩˨, a˨˩˨/, Â̤â̤ /ɛ˨˦˨, a˨˦˨/, Ā̤ā̤ /ɛ˧, a˧/, Ă̤ă̤ /ɛ˥, a˥/, E̤e̤ /œ/, È̤è̤ /œ˥˧/, É̤é̤ /œ˨˩˨/, Ê̤ê̤ /œ˨˦˨/, Ē̤ē̤ /œ˧/, Ĕ̤ĕ̤ /œ˥/, O̤o̤ /o, ɔ/, Ò̤ò̤ /o˥˧, ɔ˥˧/, Ó̤ó̤ /o˨˩˨, ɔ˨˩˨/, Ô̤ô̤ /o˨˦˨, ɔ˨˦˨/, Ō̤ō̤ /o˧, ɔ˧/, Ŏ̤ŏ̤ /o˥, ɔ˥/, Ṳṳ /y/, Ṳ̀ṳ̀ /y˥˧/, Ṳ́ṳ́ /y˨˩˨/, Ṳ̂ṳ̂ /y˨˦˨/, Ṳ̄ṳ̄ /y˧/, Ṳ̆ṳ̆ /y˥/
-| Note that none of these are precomposed characters.
+| Note that A̤a̤ and O̤o̤ do not normally occur without a tone diacritic (E̤e̤, Ṳṳ can appear without their own tone diacritic as part of a diphthong). Of all these characters, only Ṳṳ is precomposed.
 |}