Xetlaqui: Difference between revisions

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'''Xetlaqui''' is an a priori conlang created by Elia Ansaloni in 2013 and currently under development. The name Xetlaqui literally means "good language". It is intended to be part of a fantasy setting, being spoken by a human race living in a vast region known as Xinchal or the Hive.
'''Xetlaqui''' is an a priori conlang created by Elia Ansaloni in 2013 and currently under development. The name Xetlaqui literally means "good language". It is intended to be part of a fantasy setting, being spoken by a human race living in a vast region known as Xinchal or the Hive.


Although Xetlaqui is an a priori conlang, it has been inspired by several natural languages, mainly Nahuatl, Basque, Armenian, Irish and Korean. It is designed to reflect the philosophy of the Hive, also known as ''Yeotl Han'' (literally "All is one"), which sees completeness and wholeness as perfection.
Although Xetlaqui is an a priori conlang, it has been inspired by several natural languages, mainly Nahuatl, Basque, Armenian, Irish and Korean. It is designed to reflect the philosophy of the Hive, also known as ''Pheyn Yeotl'' (literally "All is one"), which sees completeness and wholeness as perfection.


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
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!rowspan=2|  
!rowspan=2|  
!rowspan=2|Bilabial
!rowspan=2|Bilabial
!rowspan=2|Labio-<br/>dental
!rowspan=2|Dental
!rowspan=2|Dental
!colspan=2|Alveolar
!colspan=2|Alveolar
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|-align=center
|-align=center
!Nasal
!Nasal
|m|| || ||n|| || || || || ||  
|m|| ||n|| || || || || ||  
|-align=center
|-align=center
!Plosive
!Plosive
|p|| || ||t d|| || || ||k g||kʷ||ʔ
|p|| ||t d|| || || ||k g||kʷ||ʔ
|-align=center
|-align=center
!Affricate
!Affricate
| || || ||ʦ ʣ||tɬ||ʧ|| || || ||
| || ||ʦ ʣ||tɬ||ʧ|| || || ||
|-align=center
|-align=center
!Fricative
!Fricative
|ɸ|| ||θ ð||s z||ɬ||ʃ|| || || ||h
|ɸ β||θ ð||s z|| ||ʃ|| || || ||h
|-align=center
|-align=center
!Approximant
!Approximant
| ||ʋ|| ||ɫ|| || ||j|| || ||
| || || ||ɬ|| ||j|| || ||
|-align=center
|-align=center
!Trill
!Trill
| || || ||r|| || || || || ||
| || ||r|| || || || || ||
|}
|}


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!
!
!Front
!Front
!Central
!Back
!Back
|-
|-
!Close
!Close
|i
|i
|
|u
|u
|-
|-
!Mid
!Close-mid
|e eº
|e eº
|
|o
|o
|-
!Mid
|
|ø
|
|-
|-
!Open-mid
!Open-mid
|ɛ ɛº
|ɛ ɛº
|
|ɔ
|ɔ
|-
|-
!Open
!Open
|colspan=2 | ä äº
|
|ä äº
|
|}
|}


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|Generally pronounced as [ɛ] when the stress falls on it, but the two are equivalent.
|Generally pronounced as [ɛ] when the stress falls on it, but the two are equivalent.
|-
|-
|align=center| eo
|align=center|eo
|align=center|[ɛᵒ] / [eᵒ]
|align=center|[ɛᵒ] / [eᵒ]
|The stress never falls on "o".
|See above.
|-
|align=center|eu
|align=center|[ø]
|
|-
|-
|align=center|g
|align=center|g
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|-
|-
|align=center|h
|align=center|h
|align=center|[h] / [ʔ]
|align=center|[ʔ]
|Pronounced as [h] only at the beginning of a word.
|
|-
|-
|align=center|i
|align=center|i
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|align=center|l
|align=center|l
|align=center|[ɬ]
|align=center|[ɬ]
|Pronounced as [l] in some dialects.
|-
|align=center|ll
|align=center|[ɫ]
|
|
|-
|-
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|align=center|ph
|align=center|ph
|align=center|[ɸ]
|align=center|[ɸ]
|
|Pronounced as [pʰ] in Old Xetlaqui.
|-
|-
|align=center|qu
|align=center|qu
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|align=center|th
|align=center|th
|align=center|[θ]
|align=center|[θ]
|
|Pronounced as [tʰ] in Old Xetlaqui.
|-
|-
|align=center|tl
|align=center|tl
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|-
|-
|align=center|v
|align=center|v
|align=center|[ʋ]
|align=center|[β]
|
|
|-
|-
|align=center|x
|align=center|x
|align=center|[ʣ]
|align=center|[ʣ]
| -
|
|-
|-
|align=center|y
|align=center|y
|align=center|[j]
|align=center|[j]
| -
|
|-
|-
|align=center|z
|align=center|z
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====First declension====
====First declension====


Nouns and adjectives of this declension end in consonant in the nominative singular. The predominant letters in the ending forms of this declension are ''e'' and ''o''. Nouns and adjectives ending with a vowel followed by a single consonant (except for ''d'', ''l'', ''t'', ''th'' and ''tl'') form the plural by adding ''-tli'' instead of ''-i''. Nouns ending with a vowel followed by ''l'' form the plural by dropping the ''l'' and adding ''-lli''.
Nouns and adjectives of this declension end in consonant ''-tli'' in the nominative singular. The predominant letters in the ending forms of this declension are ''e'' and ''o''. Words ending with a vowel followed by a ''d'', ''g'', ''m'', ''t'' and ''th'' don't have ''-tli'' in the nominative singular. Words ending in ''aotl'', ''eotl'' or ''eutl'' add a ''h'' before the other suffixes.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | '''''xith''<br />star
! colspan="2" | '''''xintli''<br />bee
! colspan="2" | '''''thep''<br />mountain
! colspan="2" | '''''challi''<br /> house, home
! colspan="2" | '''''chal''<br /> house, home
! colspan="2" | '''''uzgarri''<br /> saw
! colspan="2" | '''''yaotli''<br /> war
|-
|-
! colspan="1" | '''Singular'''
! colspan="1" | '''Plural'''
! colspan="1" | '''Singular'''
! colspan="1" | '''Singular'''
! colspan="1" | '''Plural'''
! colspan="1" | '''Plural'''
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|-
|-
! '''Nominative'''
! '''Nominative'''
| xith || xith'''i''' || thep || thep'''tli''' || cha'''l''' || cha'''lli'''
| xin'''tli''' || xin'''ek''' || cha'''lli''' || cha'''lek''' || uzga'''rri''' || uzga'''rek''' || yao'''tli''' || yao'''hek'''
|-
|-
! '''Genitive'''
! '''Genitive'''
| xith'''e''' || xith'''ek''' || thep'''e''' || thep'''tlek''' || cha'''le''' || cha'''llek'''
| xin'''o''' || xin'''ok''' || cha'''lo''' || cha'''lok''' || uzga'''ro''' || uzga'''rok''' || yao'''ho''' || yao'''hok'''
|-
|-
! '''Dative'''
! '''Dative'''
| xith'''ur''' || xith'''uri''' || thep'''ur''' || thep'''tluri''' || cha'''lur''' || cha'''lluri'''
| xin'''ur''' || xin'''uri''' || cha'''lur''' || cha'''luri''' || uzga'''rur''' || uzga'''ruri''' || yao'''hur''' || yao'''huri'''
|-
|-
! '''Accusative'''
! '''Accusative'''
| xith'''o''' || xith'''ok''' || thep'''o''' || thep'''tlok''' || cha'''lo''' || cha'''llok'''
| xin'''eo''' || xin'''eok''' || cha'''leo''' || cha'''leok''' || uzga'''reo''' || uzga'''reok''' || yao'''heo''' || yao'''heok'''
|-
! '''Instrumental'''
| xith'''od''' || xith'''odi''' || thep'''od''' || thep'''tlodi''' || cha'''lod''' || cha'''llodi'''
|-
! '''Locative'''
| xith'''em''' || xith'''emi''' || thep'''em''' || thep'''tlemi''' || cha'''lem''' || cha'''llemi'''
|-
! '''Active'''
| xith'''ov''' || xith'''ovi''' || thep'''ov''' || thep'''tlovi''' || cha'''lov''' || cha'''llovi'''
|-
|-
! '''Predicative'''
! '''Predicative'''
| xith'''en''' || xith'''eni''' || thep'''en''' || thep'''tleni''' || cha'''len''' || cha'''lleni'''
| xin'''en''' || xin'''eni''' || cha'''len''' || cha'''leni''' || uzga'''ren''' || uzga'''reni''' || yao'''hen''' || yao'''heni'''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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====Second declension====
====Second declension====


Nouns and adjectives of this declension end in consonant in ''a'' in the nominative singular. The predominant letter in the ending forms of this declension is ''a''.  
Nouns and adjectives of this declension end in ''atl'' in the nominative singular. The predominant letter in the ending forms of this declension is ''a''.  


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | '''''aztla''<br />work, job
! colspan="2" | '''''voratl''<br />mouth
|-
|-
! colspan="1" | '''Singular'''
! colspan="1" | '''Singular'''
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|-
|-
! '''Nominative'''
! '''Nominative'''
| aztl'''a''' || aztl'''ak'''
| vor'''atl''' || vor'''ak'''
|-
|-
! '''Genitive'''
! '''Genitive'''
| aztl'''e''' || aztl'''ek'''
| vor'''ea''' || vor'''eak'''
|-
|-
! '''Dative'''
! '''Dative'''
| aztl'''ar''' || aztl'''ari'''
| vor'''ar''' || vor'''ari'''
|-
|-
! '''Accusative'''
! '''Accusative'''
| aztl'''ao''' || aztl'''aok'''
| vor'''ao''' || vor'''aok'''
|-
! '''Instrumental'''
| aztl'''ad''' || aztl'''adi'''
|-
! '''Locative'''
| aztl'''am''' || aztl'''ami'''
|-
! '''Active'''
| aztl'''av''' || aztl'''avi'''
|-
|-
! '''Predicative'''
! '''Predicative'''
| aztl'''an''' || aztl'''ani'''
| vor'''an''' || vor'''ani'''
|-
|-
|}
|}
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" | '''''ezqui''<br />red
! colspan="2" | '''''heri''<br />sun
|-
|-
! colspan="1" | '''Singular'''
! colspan="1" | '''Singular'''
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|-
|-
! '''Nominative'''
! '''Nominative'''
| ezqu'''i''' || ezqu'''ik'''
| her'''i''' || her'''ik'''
|-
|-
! '''Genitive'''
! '''Genitive'''
| ezqu'''e''' || ezqu'''ek'''
| her'''ia''' || her'''iak'''
|-
|-
! '''Dative'''
! '''Dative'''
| ezqu'''ir''' || ezqu'''iri'''
| her'''ir''' || her'''iri'''
|-
|-
! '''Accusative'''
! '''Accusative'''
| ezqu'''o''' || ezqu'''ok'''
| her'''io''' || her'''iok'''
|-
! '''Instrumental'''
| ezqu'''id''' || ezqu'''idi'''
|-
! '''Locative'''
| ezqu'''im''' || ezqu'''imi'''
|-
! '''Active'''
| ezqu'''iv''' || ezqu'''ivi'''
|-
|-
! '''Predicative'''
! '''Predicative'''
| ezqu'''in''' || ezqu'''ini'''
| her'''in''' || her'''ini'''
|-
|-
|}
|}
==Lexicon==
''Main article:'' [[Xetlaqui/Lexicon]]

Latest revision as of 05:56, 1 February 2015

Xetlaqui is an a priori conlang created by Elia Ansaloni in 2013 and currently under development. The name Xetlaqui literally means "good language". It is intended to be part of a fantasy setting, being spoken by a human race living in a vast region known as Xinchal or the Hive.

Although Xetlaqui is an a priori conlang, it has been inspired by several natural languages, mainly Nahuatl, Basque, Armenian, Irish and Korean. It is designed to reflect the philosophy of the Hive, also known as Pheyn Yeotl (literally "All is one"), which sees completeness and wholeness as perfection.

Phonology

Consonants

Xetlaqui consonants
Bilabial Dental Alveolar Post-
alveolar 		Palatal Velar Glottal
Central Lateral Plain Labialized
Nasal m n
Plosive p t d k g kʷ ʔ
Affricate ʦ ʣ tɬ ʧ
Fricative ɸ β θ ð s z ʃ h
Approximant ɬ j
Trill r

Vowels

Xetlaqui consonants
Front Central Back
Close i u
Close-mid e eº o
Mid ø
Open-mid ɛ ɛº ɔ
Open ä äº

Alphabet

Xetlaqui has its own writing style (which is currently being developed), but can be transcribed using Latin characters. The alphabet has a one to one letter-sound correspondence, even if few letters can be read in two different ways.

Latin script Pronunciation Further information
a [ä]
ao [äᵒ] The stress never falls on "o".
ch [ʧ]
d [d] / [ð] Pronounced as [ð] when ending a word or when followed by an apostrophe.
e [ɛ] / [e] Generally pronounced as [ɛ] when the stress falls on it, but the two are equivalent.
eo [ɛᵒ] / [eᵒ] See above.
eu [ø]
g [g]
h [ʔ]
i [i] Never pronounced as [j].
k [k]
l [ɬ]
m [m]
n [n]
o [ɔ] / [o] Generally pronounced as [ɔ] when the stress falls on it, but the two are equivalent.
p [p]
ph [ɸ] Pronounced as [pʰ] in Old Xetlaqui.
qu [kʷ] Always followed by a, e, i or o.
r [r]
sh [ʃ]
t [t]
th [θ] Pronounced as [tʰ] in Old Xetlaqui.
tl [tɬ]
tz [ʦ]
u [u] Never pronounced as [w].
v [β]
x [ʣ]
y [j]
z [s] / [z] No specific rule about its use as voiced or voiceless.

Grammar

Xetlaqui is an agglutinative language with declensions for names and adjectives and very few irregular verbs. Nouns and adjectives are gender neutral.

Declensions

There are three declensions and eight cases in Xetlaqui.

First declension

Nouns and adjectives of this declension end in consonant -tli in the nominative singular. The predominant letters in the ending forms of this declension are e and o. Words ending with a vowel followed by a d, g, m, t and th don't have -tli in the nominative singular. Words ending in aotl, eotl or eutl add a h before the other suffixes.

xintli
bee 		challi
house, home 		uzgarri
saw 		yaotli
war
Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
Nominative xintli xinek challi chalek uzgarri uzgarek yaotli yaohek
Genitive xino xinok chalo chalok uzgaro uzgarok yaoho yaohok
Dative xinur xinuri chalur chaluri uzgarur uzgaruri yaohur yaohuri
Accusative xineo xineok chaleo chaleok uzgareo uzgareok yaoheo yaoheok
Predicative xinen xineni chalen chaleni uzgaren uzgareni yaohen yaoheni

Second declension

Nouns and adjectives of this declension end in atl in the nominative singular. The predominant letter in the ending forms of this declension is a.

voratl
mouth
Singular Plural
Nominative voratl vorak
Genitive vorea voreak
Dative vorar vorari
Accusative vorao voraok
Predicative voran vorani

Third declension

Nouns and adjectives of this declension end in consonant in i in the nominative singular. The predominant letter in the ending forms of this declension is i.

heri
sun
Singular Plural
Nominative heri herik
Genitive heria heriak
Dative herir heriri
Accusative herio heriok
Predicative herin herini

Lexicon

Main article: Xetlaqui/Lexicon

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