User:Tropylium/Sketchpad: Difference between revisions

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==Experimental Phonology Labs==
==Experimental Phonology Labs==
===Nothing Coronal Sketch===
* /ʘ m ŋ p k f x/ (/ʘ̃/?)
* /a/ [-HI] [+LO]
* /o/ [-HI] [-LO]
* /u/ [+HI] [-LO]
* /wa/ [+HI] [+LO]
''konka kuffu fakwafang pux muxumpa bwaka ngwapompo''
===Internally consistent weirdness===
===Internally consistent weirdness===
{|
{|
Line 22: Line 31:
* The "aerated" series technically requires a release resembling nasal release but along a different physiological feature (no direct human counterpart).
* The "aerated" series technically requires a release resembling nasal release but along a different physiological feature (no direct human counterpart).


===Something loglangish===
===West Uralic lostlang===
/ i e ə a o u/<br/>
* *ë > a, md > nd
/ m n ŋ w ð̞ j r l θ ʃ x k/
* *V > *VV / _{x}
 
** *F > FF / _j
[t] is entirely epenthetic (tho /ð/ in many ways fills its phonemic place):
** *B > BB / _v
*/r l/ → [tr tl] / {# n}_
* Umlaut (6v > 7V)
*/θ ʃ/ → [tθ tʃ] / {# n x}_
** *e æ ɑ > *ɪ ɛ a / _i
*/θ ʃ/ → [(t)θ (t)ʃ] / _{k x} (free variation)
** *ɑ æ > *ɔ a
*/lr/ → [ltr]
* General high laxing/mid tensing
*/rl/ → [rtl ~ rl] (free variation)
** *i ü ï u > *ɪ ʏ ɪ̈ ʊ
 
*** > (j)ə (v)ə (j)ə (v)ə / (#_)
/x/ → [h ~ ɦ] after /N k ð/ (see next!) & initially
** *e o > e: o: > i u
** *ɛ ɔ > i u / '_#
* *ń ď ś č š > n dž š ts s
* *kt > pt
* *l > w / _{C #}
* *Cj Cv > CC
** CC > C / _[+STR]
* [-voice] > [+voice] / [+voice]_V
* uw əw əj ij > u u i i
** vu ji > vɔ jɛ
* ə > ɔ ɛ / [+LAB]_ [+HI]_


Allophonic voiced stops:
Synopsis for Proto-WUL:
*/k/ → [ɡ ~ ɠ] / V_{V N r l h}, {r l}_
** *ê_i, i_i, ü_i, ô_i, u_i > (j, j, v, v, v)ə_í
*/ð/ → [d ~ ɗ] / V_{N h}, {r l ʃ}_
*** ''vɔdí mɔdí kədzí mɔksí ləstí, vri kri ksi'' ("middle"), ''təgɛ́- vɔnɛ́- jɛstɛ́-, plɛ- mnɛ- psɛ-''
This furthermore neutralizes to [ɟ ~ ʄ] before /i/.
***
 
*** ''səlí nədí šugí šɛkší kəmɛ́ni kəndzí vɔptí (?), štsi'' ("coal"), ''kədɛ́- nugɛ́-, trɛ-''
Onset cluster: /kr/
*** ''jɛgí vɔgí pɔŋí kumí''
Long medial clusters: /nðr nðl/
*** ''''
 
** *ô_a, i_a, u_a > (j, j, v)ə_ú
Unoccurring medial clusters:
*** ''nəlú jɛzú vɔzú'' ("sleeve", "hate" both), ''tsəndú, vɔdzɔ́-, krɔ- stɔ-'''
*Non-homorganic nasal+obstruent; /nm nŋ mn mŋ/; /ŋð/?
***
*/ðð/, geminate obstruents
***
*/xð xk θʃ ʃθ/
** *i_ä, ü_a > (j, v)ə_á
*/ðθ ðʃ/
***
*undecided on /ðk kð/ (what to make of these phonetically?), anything involving semivowels
*** ''kumá mɔká ləká- vɔská, pša psa-''
** *e_i, e_ä, e_a > í_ɛ, í_a, í_ɔ
*** ''nidɛ''
*** ''piza nilla''
***
** *ä_i > ɛ́_ɛ
** *a_i, ä_ä > á_ɛ, á_a
** *a_a > ɔ́_ɔ
*** ''kɔptɔ''
** *o_i, o_a > ú_ɛ, ú_ɔ


===Pre-Proto-[[Japanese']]===
===Pre-Proto-[[Japanese']]===
Line 91: Line 119:


Note /v tʃ ʒ/ rather than reconstructed *bv *c *ɟ!
Note /v tʃ ʒ/ rather than reconstructed *bv *c *ɟ!
===For [[West Altaic']]===
Or therearound?
Unattested phonemes in italics:
/''p'' b t ɗ c ɟ k ɠ ʧ ʤ f v s z ʃ ''ʒ'' x h m n ŋ w l ''(ȴ) j'' r/<br/>
/i ''iː'' u uː ''e''~ə o ''oː'' æ ''æː'' ɑ ɑː/<br/>
fulɑʃr • næɠf • wælʤ • ɟmoŋəf • ʧɠuːz • ikʧoŋv • wərɑːcsibʤ • hɑɗh • ultəwx<br/>
(implosivs allophonic with vcd. stops)
===For [[East Persian']]===
A)
* ɪː/j/w → eː/j/w
* e → ɪ
** → ɨ
* ʊ(j) → i(ː)
* ʊː → uː
* ew (ɪw) → oː
* æː/j, ej, ow ==
* æ → a → ɑ
* æw → ɑw
* ɒː → ɑː
* ɐ → æ
* result: i ɨ æ ɑ, iː uː, eː ej oː ow, æː æj ɑː ɑw (needs u o?)
B)
* ɪ(ː), ʊ(ː) → ə → a
* ɪj ɪw ??
* ʊj → oj → (w)i
* e(ː j) → i
* ew → u
* ow → (w)u
* æ(ː j), ɐ → e
* æw, ɒː → o → (w)a
* result: i e a u + labiovelars/uvulars
Shared:
*ew æw → back vowels, ʊj → i
*centering/lo'ering of ɪ
*fronting of ɐ
===Plain/palatalized/retracted===
Draft the 1st:
{|
|-
| m || || n || nʲ || ɳ
|-
| p || t̪ ~ -θ- || ts || tsʲ || ʈʂ || k || kʲ || q
|-
| b || d̪ ~ -ð- || dz || dzʲ || ɖʐ || g || gʲ || ɢ
|-
| v || || s || sʲ || ʂ || x || xʲ || χ
|-
| || || l || lʲ || ʈʂʼ || || j || qʼ
|-
| || || ɾ || || ɽ
|-
| || || r, r̥ ||
|}
Possibly: geminates; additional ejectivs (but we're not having a full set); voiced sibilant/chirants (may be allophonic)
/ɽ/ ← *ɭ


===To be allocated===
===To be allocated===
Difthong allophony/split: [au eu iu ~ ao eo io] (perhaps [ei ai ou ~ eː ae oː], [iː eː oː uː ~ ie ea oa uo])
*Difthong allophony/split: [au eu iu ~ ao eo io] (perhaps [ei ai ou ~ eː ae oː], [iː eː oː uː ~ ie ea oa uo])<br/>(last part looks a bit too Samic)
*[[Labiodental flap]]
*Labiouvular trilled affricate [♇]
*/ʈʳ/ ~ [ɽ] vs. /t̪/
* Voiced stop POA rotation:
** b > w > gʷ
** d > ð > v > b
** ɟ > dʒ > dz > d (can be split to parts if needed)
** g > j > ɟ
** gʷ > g
* Sonorants to stops:
** l > lʰ > ɬ > tɬ > t
** n > nʰ > θ > f > p
** r > rʰ > χ > x > k


(last part looks a bit too Samic)
==Lexical dump==
Some number system, set as base-5 but extensible:
* 1 2 3 4 ''hei len sa mo''
* b b² b³ b⁴ b⁵ ''idži tudži <u>pxe</u>dži vašši teldži''
* 2b 2b² 2b³ 2b⁴ 2b⁵ ''lenidži lentudži le'''ŋka'''dži lem'''b'''ašši lente'''r'''dži''
* 3b 3b² 3b³ 3b⁴ 3b⁵ ''saidži satudži sa'''kwa'''dži savašši sate'''r'''dži''
* 4b 4b² 4b³ 4b⁴ 4b⁵ ''moidži '''g'''otudži '''g'''o'''kwa'''dži '''go'''vašši '''go'''te'''r'''dži''
** ''go'' is evidently (b-1).
(why -ter- in higher lakhads?? was this just an orthographic quirk?)


==Orthographics==
==Orthographics==
Line 103: Line 212:
* /diːzə/ = TF<sub>V</sub>-H<sub>V</sub>F<sub>C</sub>-SM<sub>V</sub>
* /diːzə/ = TF<sub>V</sub>-H<sub>V</sub>F<sub>C</sub>-SM<sub>V</sub>
Ie. front/backness coded on "initial"; height coded on "coda"; will look like a vertical vowel system on first glance
Ie. front/backness coded on "initial"; height coded on "coda"; will look like a vertical vowel system on first glance
==morf==
===English needs more umlaut derivativs===
'''*-ɪθ'''
* long ∶ length ∷ strong ∶ strength ∷ wrong ∶ '''wrength''' /ɹɛŋθ/
* young ∶ youth
* wide ∶ width ∷ side ∶ '''sidth''' /sɪdθ/
* … ∷ mild ∶ '''mildth''' /mɪldθ/ ∷ wild ∶ '''wildth''' /wɪldθ/
* short ∶ '''sherth''' /ʃɝːθ/
* old ∶ '''eldth''' /ɛldθ/
* heal ∶ health /hɛlθ/
* wreak ∶ wrath ∷ weak ∶ '''wath''' /wæθ/ ??
* dry ∶ drought
* high ∶ height ∷ '''wigh''' /waɪ/ ∶ weight
* '''frigh''' /fɹaɪ/ ∶ fright
* low ∶ '''louth''' /luːθ/?
* (true ∶ truth)

Latest revision as of 08:47, 13 July 2014

Experimental Phonology Labs

Nothing Coronal Sketch

  • /ʘ m ŋ p k f x/ (/ʘ̃/?)
  • /a/ [-HI] [+LO]
  • /o/ [-HI] [-LO]
  • /u/ [+HI] [-LO]
  • /wa/ [+HI] [+LO]

konka kuffu fakwafang pux muxumpa bwaka ngwapompo

Internally consistent weirdness

BLB LBA LZD VZD GUT AER
ʘ ǁ ǃ
ʘⁿ ǁⁿ ǃⁿ
p ɾ ʈk) ʡ ʡʰ
m ɳŋ) ɴ̠ ɴ̠ʩ)
ɸ f= ɬ̪ ɬˣ
ð̞ʷ ɻˠ
ɪ ə ɐ
  • Coronal clicks are retroflex.
  • The "aerated" series technically requires a release resembling nasal release but along a different physiological feature (no direct human counterpart).

West Uralic lostlang

  • *ë > a, md > nd
  • *V > *VV / _{x}
    • *F > FF / _j
    • *B > BB / _v
  • Umlaut (6v > 7V)
    • *e æ ɑ > *ɪ ɛ a / _i
    • *ɑ æ > *ɔ a
  • General high laxing/mid tensing
    • *i ü ï u > *ɪ ʏ ɪ̈ ʊ
      • > (j)ə (v)ə (j)ə (v)ə / (#_)
    • *e o > e: o: > i u
    • *ɛ ɔ > i u / '_#
  • *ń ď ś č š > n dž š ts s
  • *kt > pt
  • *l > w / _{C #}
  • *Cj Cv > CC
    • CC > C / _[+STR]
  • [-voice] > [+voice] / [+voice]_V
  • uw əw əj ij > u u i i
    • vu ji > vɔ jɛ
  • ə > ɔ ɛ / [+LAB]_ [+HI]_

Synopsis for Proto-WUL:

    • *ê_i, i_i, ü_i, ô_i, u_i > (j, j, v, v, v)ə_í
      • vɔdí mɔdí kədzí mɔksí ləstí, vri kri ksi ("middle"), təgɛ́- vɔnɛ́- jɛstɛ́-, plɛ- mnɛ- psɛ-
      • səlí nədí šugí šɛkší kəmɛ́ni kəndzí vɔptí (?), štsi ("coal"), kədɛ́- nugɛ́-, trɛ-
      • jɛgí vɔgí pɔŋí kumí
      • '
    • *ô_a, i_a, u_a > (j, j, v)ə_ú
      • nəlú jɛzú vɔzú ("sleeve", "hate" both), tsəndú, vɔdzɔ́-, krɔ- stɔ-'
    • *i_ä, ü_a > (j, v)ə_á
      • kumá mɔká ləká- vɔská, pša psa-
    • *e_i, e_ä, e_a > í_ɛ, í_a, í_ɔ
      • nidɛ
      • piza nilla
    • *ä_i > ɛ́_ɛ
    • *a_i, ä_ä > á_ɛ, á_a
    • *a_a > ɔ́_ɔ
      • kɔptɔ
    • *o_i, o_a > ú_ɛ, ú_ɔ

Pre-Proto-Japanese'

tsʼ tʂʼ tʃʼ
p(ʰ) t̪(ʰ) tʂ(ʰ) tʃ(ʰ) k(ʰ)
b d̪ ɖ ɡ
s h
m n

+ other sonorants as needed

  • affricate POAs partially allophonic with each other / t k?
  • aspirates → f θ ʂ ʃ x
  • θ ʂ → f x
  • F → V
  • ejectivs → pf x tʃ

Aspiration in clusters (example):

btʃ btʃʰ → ptʃ ftʃ
d̪tʃ d̪tʃʰ → tʃː ɬtʃ
ɖtʃ ɖtʃʰ → rtʃː xtʃ
ɡtʃ ɡtʃʰ → ktʃ

Note /v tʃ ʒ/ rather than reconstructed *bv *c *ɟ!

For West Altaic'

Or therearound?

Unattested phonemes in italics: /p b t ɗ c ɟ k ɠ ʧ ʤ f v s z ʃ ʒ x h m n ŋ w l (ȴ) j r/
/i iː u uː e~ə o oː æ æː ɑ ɑː/
fulɑʃr • næɠf • wælʤ • ɟmoŋəf • ʧɠuːz • ikʧoŋv • wərɑːcsibʤ • hɑɗh • ultəwx
(implosivs allophonic with vcd. stops)

For East Persian'

A)

  • ɪː/j/w → eː/j/w
  • e → ɪ
    • → ɨ
  • ʊ(j) → i(ː)
  • ʊː → uː
  • ew (ɪw) → oː
  • æː/j, ej, ow ==
  • æ → a → ɑ
  • æw → ɑw
  • ɒː → ɑː
  • ɐ → æ
  • result: i ɨ æ ɑ, iː uː, eː ej oː ow, æː æj ɑː ɑw (needs u o?)

B)

  • ɪ(ː), ʊ(ː) → ə → a
  • ɪj ɪw ??
  • ʊj → oj → (w)i
  • e(ː j) → i
  • ew → u
  • ow → (w)u
  • æ(ː j), ɐ → e
  • æw, ɒː → o → (w)a
  • result: i e a u + labiovelars/uvulars

Shared:

  • ew æw → back vowels, ʊj → i
  • centering/lo'ering of ɪ
  • fronting of ɐ

Plain/palatalized/retracted

Draft the 1st:

m n nʲ ɳ
p t̪ ~ -θ- ts tsʲ ʈʂ k kʲ q
b d̪ ~ -ð- dz dzʲ ɖʐ g gʲ ɢ
v s sʲ ʂ x xʲ χ
l lʲ ʈʂʼ j qʼ
ɾ ɽ
r, r̥

Possibly: geminates; additional ejectivs (but we're not having a full set); voiced sibilant/chirants (may be allophonic)

/ɽ/ ← *ɭ

To be allocated

  • Difthong allophony/split: [au eu iu ~ ao eo io] (perhaps [ei ai ou ~ eː ae oː], [iː eː oː uː ~ ie ea oa uo])
    (last part looks a bit too Samic)
  • Labiodental flap
  • Labiouvular trilled affricate [♇]
  • /ʈʳ/ ~ [ɽ] vs. /t̪/
  • Voiced stop POA rotation:
    • b > w > gʷ
    • d > ð > v > b
    • ɟ > dʒ > dz > d (can be split to parts if needed)
    • g > j > ɟ
    • gʷ > g
  • Sonorants to stops:
    • l > lʰ > ɬ > tɬ > t
    • n > nʰ > θ > f > p
    • r > rʰ > χ > x > k

Lexical dump

Some number system, set as base-5 but extensible:

  • 1 2 3 4 hei len sa mo
  • b b² b³ b⁴ b⁵ idži tudži pxedži vašši teldži
  • 2b 2b² 2b³ 2b⁴ 2b⁵ lenidži lentudži leŋkadži lembašši lenterdži
  • 3b 3b² 3b³ 3b⁴ 3b⁵ saidži satudži sakwadži savašši saterdži
  • 4b 4b² 4b³ 4b⁴ 4b⁵ moidži gotudži gokwadži govašši goterdži
    • go is evidently (b-1).

(why -ter- in higher lakhads?? was this just an orthographic quirk?)

Orthographics

"Sumerian" diphonic faux-syllabary

With underspecification:

  • /tæmæ/ = TFV-L̃V-mFV-LV
  • /diːzə/ = TFV-HVFC-SMV

Ie. front/backness coded on "initial"; height coded on "coda"; will look like a vertical vowel system on first glance

morf

English needs more umlaut derivativs

*-ɪθ

  • long ∶ length ∷ strong ∶ strength ∷ wrong ∶ wrength /ɹɛŋθ/
  • young ∶ youth
  • wide ∶ width ∷ side ∶ sidth /sɪdθ/
  • … ∷ mild ∶ mildth /mɪldθ/ ∷ wild ∶ wildth /wɪldθ/
  • short ∶ sherth /ʃɝːθ/
  • old ∶ eldth /ɛldθ/
  • heal ∶ health /hɛlθ/
  • wreak ∶ wrath ∷ weak ∶ wath /wæθ/ ??
  • dry ∶ drought
  • high ∶ height ∷ wigh /waɪ/ ∶ weight
  • frigh /fɹaɪ/ ∶ fright
  • low ∶ louth /luːθ/?
  • (true ∶ truth)
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