Záren

/Preliminary description/

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Labiodental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular
Nasal	m		n	ɳ		ŋ~ɴ
Plosive	p		t	ʈ		k	q
Affricate		p͡f	t͡s	ʈ͡ʂ		k͡x	q͡χ
Fricative		f v	θ̠ ð̠	ʂ ʐ		x~χ ɣ~ʁ
Trill			r	r͡ɽ
Lateral approximant			l	ɭ
Approximant					j

• p t ʈ k q /p t ṭ k q/
• p͡f t͡s ʈ͡ʂ k͡x q͡χ /pf ts ṭs kh qh/
• f θ̠ ʂ x~χ /f s ṣ h/
• v ð̠ ʐ ɣ~ʁ /v z ẓ ḥ/
• m n ɳ ŋ~ɴ /m n ṇ ŋ/
• l ɭ /l ḷ/
• r r͡ɽ /r ṛ/
• j /j/

Vowels

	Front		Central		Back
	Short	Long	Short	Long	Short	Long
Close	i	iː	ɨ	ɨː	u	uː
Mid			ə	əː
Open			ä	äː

• iː ɨː uː /í ý ú/
• əː /é/
• äː /á/

• i ɨ u /i y u/
• ə /e/
• ä /a/

Phonotactics

(C)(C)V(ː)(R)(C)

Accent

• penultimate primary acute accent
• ultimate secondary gravis accent

Grammar

Nouns

• noun class system (preffixal): Animate (Masculine vs Feminine), Inaminate (Abstractive vs Objective)
• nominative-genetive alignment
• 3-way agent secundative ditransitive alignment (S/A = Nominative, D = Pegative P/R = Genetive, T = Instrumental)
• cases (suffixal): Nominative, Pegative, Genetive, Instrumental, Vialis, Ablative, Lative, Locative, Benefactive
• number (suffixal): singular, plural
• definiteness (phrasal clitic): definite proper, definite distant, indefinite

Verbs

• aspects (suffixal): Imperfective, Perfective (Punctual Perfective), Conclusive (Durative-Perfective), Habitual
• voices (infixal): Active vs Middle + Direct vs Causative
• noun class preffixes
• tense-moods (suffixal): Past visual, Past non-visual, Present, Future, Conditional, Jussive
• polarity (suffixal): affirmative, negative
• subjective and objective persons

Adjectives

• three degrees: positive, comparative, superlative

Pronouns

• obviative
• subjugating hierarchy (suffixal)
• plural roots

Adpositions

• postpositions and prepositions (mixed system)
• conjugable by subjective person

Syntax

• SOV
• head-final