Záren: Difference between revisions

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===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; width: 100%;"
|
! Bilabial
! Labiodental
! Alveolar
! Retroflex
! Palatal
! Velar
! Uvular
|-
! Nasal
| m
|
| n
| ɳ
|
| colspan=2 | ŋ~ɴ
|-
! Plosive
| p
|
| t
| ʈ
|
| k
| q
|-
! Affricate
|
| p͡f
| t͡s
| ʈ͡ʂ
|
| k͡x
| q͡χ
|-
! Fricative
|
| f v
| θ̠ ð̠
| ʂ ʐ
|
| colspan=2 | x~χ ɣ~ʁ
|-
! Trill
|
|
| r
| r͡ɽ
|
|
|
|-
! Lateral approximant
|
|
| l
| ɭ
|
|
|
|-
! Approximant
|
|
|
|
| j
|
|
|}


* p t ʈ k q /p t ṭ k q/
* p t ʈ k q /p t ṭ k q/
* p͡f t͡s ʈ͡ʂ k͡x q͡χ /pf ts ṭs kh qh/
* p͡f t͡s ʈ͡ʂ k͡x q͡χ /pf ts ṭs kh qh/
* f θ ʂ x~χ /f s ṣ h/
* f θ̠ ʂ x~χ /f s ṣ h/
* v ð ʐ ɣ~ʁ /v z ẓ ḥ/
* v ð̠ ʐ ɣ~ʁ /v z ẓ ḥ/
* m n ɳ ŋ~ɴ /m n ṇ ŋ/
* m n ɳ ŋ~ɴ /m n ṇ ŋ/
* l ɭ /l ḷ/
* l ɭ /l ḷ/

Revision as of 03:04, 30 April 2014

/Preliminary description/

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labiodental Alveolar Retroflex Palatal Velar Uvular
Nasal m n ɳ ŋ~ɴ
Plosive p t ʈ k q
Affricate p͡f t͡s ʈ͡ʂ k͡x q͡χ
Fricative f v θ̠ ð̠ ʂ ʐ x~χ ɣ~ʁ
Trill r r͡ɽ
Lateral approximant l ɭ
Approximant j
  • p t ʈ k q /p t ṭ k q/
  • p͡f t͡s ʈ͡ʂ k͡x q͡χ /pf ts ṭs kh qh/
  • f θ̠ ʂ x~χ /f s ṣ h/
  • v ð̠ ʐ ɣ~ʁ /v z ẓ ḥ/
  • m n ɳ ŋ~ɴ /m n ṇ ŋ/
  • l ɭ /l ḷ/
  • r r͡ɽ /r ṛ/
  • j /j/

Vowels

  • iː ɨː uː /í ý ú/
  • əː /é/
  • äː /á/
  • i ɨ u /i y u/
  • ə /e/
  • ä /a/

Phonotactics

(C)(C)V(ː)(R)(C)

Accent

  • penultimate primary acute accent
  • ultimate secondary gravis accent

Grammar

Nouns

  • noun class system (preffixal): Animate (Masculine vs Feminine), Inaminate (Abstractive vs Objective)
  • nominative-genetive alignment
  • 3-way agent secundative ditransitive alignment (S/A = Nominative, D = Pegative P/R = Genetive, T = Instrumental)
  • cases (suffixal): Nominative, Pegative, Genetive, Instrumental, Vialis, Ablative, Lative, Locative, Benefactive
  • number (suffixal): singular, plural
  • definiteness (phrasal clitic): definite proper, definite distant, indefinite

Verbs

  • aspects (suffixal): Imperfective, Perfective (Punctual Perfective), Conclusive (Durative-Perfective), Habitual
  • voices (infixal): Active vs Middle + Direct vs Causative
  • noun class preffixes
  • tense-moods (suffixal): Past visual, Past non-visual, Present, Future, Conditional, Jussive
  • polarity (suffixal): affirmative, negative
  • subjective and objective persons

Adjectives

  • three degrees: positive, comparative, superlative

Pronouns

  • obviative
  • subjugating hierarchy (suffixal)
  • plural roots

Adpositions

  • postpositions and prepositions (mixed system)
  • conjugable by subjective person

Syntax

  • SOV
  • head-final