Conlang Relay 18/Skerre: Difference between revisions

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Se’eran a sakar riitoso a roohina. Riiheran a kihan e tswanet wateson. Risan a rohas e quenos sawa kihan. Keeriihaton a eson, ire te hasin hiyos. Hantsarin tsa sakar a tsahi ye teen ir keeriiwatayonin a sisa-sa. Ona sekeeyowarin a eson sawa sii’erek ne tintsaka i yiket. Keeriiheran sawa tinkotsiyok ir kiyes ka’antanen, yaatse sesiisan a sakar ye teen.
Se’eran a sakar riitoso a roohina. Riiheran a kihan e tswanet wateson. Risan a rohas e quenos sawa kihan. Keeriihaton a eson, ire te hasin hiyos. Hantsarin tsa sakar a tsahi ye teen ir keeriiwatayonin a sisa-sa. Ona sekeeyowarin a eson sawa sii’erek ne tintsaka i yiket. Keeriiheran sawa tinkotsiyok ir kiyes ka’antanen, yaatse sesiisan a sakar ye teen.


== Grammatical Notes: ==
== Grammatical Notes ==




Morphological Constructions
===Morphological Constructions===
tin- + N-stem             'Ns, collection of Ns'            (collective plural)
{|
wa-/wat- + N-stem    'have N'                                  (verbalizer)
! Form              !! English gloss          !! Grammatical Term
N-word + -sa             'his, her, its N'           (3sg possessor)
|-
sii- + V-stem               'Ving, Vation'                        ('action' nominalizer)
|tin- + N-stem || 'Ns, collection of Ns'|| (collective plural)
ts-  + V-stem              'thing that Vs'                       ('patient' nominalizer)
|-
      • A stem-initial s- or h- is absorbed into the -s- of this prefix
|wa-/wat- + N-stem || 'have N' || (verbalizer)
rii- + V-stem               'make V, cause to V'           (causative)
|-
kee- + V-stem           'get V'd, V oneself'               (anticausative)
| N-word + -sa      || 'his, her, its N' || (3sg possessor)
          •  This turns an externally-caused event into an internally-caused one                            
|-
V-stem + -(i)n            VFIN form                              (finite verb)
| sii- + V-stem  || 'Ving, Vation' || ('action' nominalizer)
            •  If the vowel in the syllable preceding the affix would
|-
otherwise be long, it is short before this suffix
| ts-  + V-stem || 'thing that Vs' ||  ('patient' nominalizer)
            • Without a prefix signifying tense, aspect, or mood, the VFIN form has a general aspectual interpretation (somewhat similar to the English present tense)
|-
            • Without a person-marking suffix, the VFIN form is
| colspan="3" |
interpreted as having a 3SG subject
* A stem-initial s- or h- is absorbed into the -s- of this prefix
se- + VFIN form            'Ved'                (perfective aspect)
|-
ka- + VFIN form            'be Ving'         (progressive aspect)
|rii- + V-stem || 'make V, cause to V'|| (causative)
|-
|kee- + V-stem || 'get V'd, V oneself' || (anticausative)
|-
|colspan="3"|
* This turns an externally-caused event into an internally-caused one  
|-                         
|V-stem + -(i)n || VFIN form ||  (finite verb)
|-
| colspan="3" |
* If the vowel in the syllable preceding the affix would otherwise be long, it is short before this suffix
* Without a prefix signifying tense, aspect, or mood, the VFIN form has a general aspectual interpretation (somewhat similar to the English present tense)
* Without a person-marking suffix, the VFIN form is interpreted as having a 3SG subject
|
|-
|se- + VFIN form || 'Ved' || (perfective aspect)
|-
|ka- + VFIN form || 'be Ving' || (progressive aspect)
|}


Syntax
===Syntax===
-- Head-initial: verbs, nouns, prepositions all precede their arguments.
      • Most modifiers are also after verbs, nouns, etc. but some are before
      • Sentential connectives (coordinators, subordinators) all precede the sentence they go with
-- If subject marking is found in a clause, it will be suffixed to either the
clause-initial verb or to the first of any number of adverbials
preceding the first verb of the clause
-- The 'with' preposition is used as a coordinator with nominal phrases
-- Skerre has ergative alignment with "full NPs", but accusative
alignment with pronominal affixes
-- Skerre verbs are known for their "quirky" case assignment,  so you might find that a Skerre preposition may seem superfluous (from the standpoint of the English translation) or should be translated in a way that appears to contradict the
glossary translation.
-- See my website at http://skerre.conlang.org/skerre/skerremain.html
for additional and/or supplementary information. In cases where the website and
these notes disagree, take the notes here as correct.


*Head-initial: verbs, nouns, prepositions all precede their arguments.
**Most modifiers are also after verbs, nouns, etc. but some are before
**Sentential connectives (coordinators, subordinators) all precede the sentence they go with
* If subject marking is found in a clause, it will be suffixed to either the clause-initial verb or to the first of any number of adverbials preceding the first verb of the clause
*The 'with' preposition is used as a coordinator with nominal phrases
*Skerre has ergative alignment with "full NPs", but accusative alignment with pronominal affixes
*Skerre verbs are known for their "quirky" case assignment,  so you might find that a Skerre preposition may seem superfluous (from the standpoint of the English translation) or should be translated in a way that appears to contradict the glossary translation.
*See [http://skerre.conlang.org/skerre/skerremain.html  my website] for additional and/or supplementary information. In cases where the website and these notes disagree, take the notes here as correct.


== Glossary of Roots ==
== Glossary ==
 
 
a              absolutive prepostion
aka          do
antane  disappear, be gone
ayon      red
e              of the
era          begin, start, commence
erek        be proud
eson      spirit, demon
hantsar  serve, give food to, give drink to
hasin      surface, slab, tabletop
hato      be visible
hera      move, go
hiyos      white
i              of
ir            and
ire          sit
kihan      arm
kiyes      while, when
kotsiyok  untruth
ne            with the
ona          but
quenos  smoke
risa          spew, spurt
rohas      cloud, plume, billow
roohina  shrine, temple, area of religious significance
sahi        drink
sakar    child 
sawa      from the
sisa          face
te              at the, in the, on the
teen        him, her, it (general use 3SG independent pronoun)
toso          wake up, rise (from sleep)
tsa            ergative preposition
wanet      worship, idolize (has negative connotations)
yaatse    only, just
ye            to, towards, into
yiket      all, everyone
yowar    forget


*a - absolutive preposition
*aka -  do
*antane - disappear, be gone
*ayon - red
*e - of the
*era - begin, start, commence
*erek - be proud
*eson - spirit, demon
*hantsar - serve, give food to, give drink to
*hasin - surface, slab, tabletop
*hato - be visible
*hera - move, go
*hiyos - white
*i - of
*ir - and
*ire - sit
*kihan - arm
*kiyes - while, when
*kotsiyok - untruth
*ne - with the
*ona - but
*quenos - smoke
*risa - spew, spurt
*rohas - cloud, plume, billow
*roohina - shrine, temple, area of religious significance
*sahi - drink
*sakar - child 
*sawa - from the
*sisa - face
*te - at the, in the, on the
*teen - him, her, it (general use 3SG independent pronoun)
*toso - wake up, rise (from sleep)
*tsa - ergative preposition
*wanet - worship, idolize (has negative connotations)
*yaatse - only, just
*ye - to, towards, into
*yiket - all, everyone
*yowar - forget


== Smooth English Translation ==
== Smooth English Translation ==


The child began to awaken the shrine. S/he moved the arm of the spirit-idol. A cloud of smoke billowed from the arm. A spirit appeared, sitting on a white slab. The child served a drink to it and its face turned red. But the spirit had been forgotten due to everyone's pride and habits. It was removed by [these] falsehoods and, when it disappeared, the child only smiled at it.
The child began to awaken the shrine. S/he moved the arm of the spirit-idol. A cloud of smoke billowed from the arm. A spirit appeared, sitting on a white slab. The child served a drink to it and its face turned red. But the spirit had been forgotten due to everyone's pride and habits. It was removed by [these] falsehoods and, when it disappeared, the child only smiled at it.

Latest revision as of 07:51, 11 May 2013

The Skerre Text

Se’eran a sakar riitoso a roohina. Riiheran a kihan e tswanet wateson. Risan a rohas e quenos sawa kihan. Keeriihaton a eson, ire te hasin hiyos. Hantsarin tsa sakar a tsahi ye teen ir keeriiwatayonin a sisa-sa. Ona sekeeyowarin a eson sawa sii’erek ne tintsaka i yiket. Keeriiheran sawa tinkotsiyok ir kiyes ka’antanen, yaatse sesiisan a sakar ye teen.

Grammatical Notes

Morphological Constructions

Form English gloss Grammatical Term
tin- + N-stem 'Ns, collection of Ns' (collective plural)
wa-/wat- + N-stem 'have N' (verbalizer)
N-word + -sa       'his, her, its N' (3sg possessor)
sii- + V-stem   'Ving, Vation' ('action' nominalizer)
ts- + V-stem  'thing that Vs' ('patient' nominalizer)
  • A stem-initial s- or h- is absorbed into the -s- of this prefix
rii- + V-stem 'make V, cause to V' (causative)
kee- + V-stem 'get V'd, V oneself' (anticausative)
  • This turns an externally-caused event into an internally-caused one
V-stem + -(i)n  VFIN form (finite verb)
  •  If the vowel in the syllable preceding the affix would otherwise be long, it is short before this suffix
  • Without a prefix signifying tense, aspect, or mood, the VFIN form has a general aspectual interpretation (somewhat similar to the English present tense)
  • Without a person-marking suffix, the VFIN form is interpreted as having a 3SG subject
se- + VFIN form 'Ved' (perfective aspect)
ka- + VFIN form  'be Ving' (progressive aspect)

Syntax

  • Head-initial: verbs, nouns, prepositions all precede their arguments.
    • Most modifiers are also after verbs, nouns, etc. but some are before
    • Sentential connectives (coordinators, subordinators) all precede the sentence they go with
  • If subject marking is found in a clause, it will be suffixed to either the clause-initial verb or to the first of any number of adverbials preceding the first verb of the clause
  • The 'with' preposition is used as a coordinator with nominal phrases
  • Skerre has ergative alignment with "full NPs", but accusative alignment with pronominal affixes
  • Skerre verbs are known for their "quirky" case assignment, so you might find that a Skerre preposition may seem superfluous (from the standpoint of the English translation) or should be translated in a way that appears to contradict the glossary translation.
  • See my website for additional and/or supplementary information. In cases where the website and these notes disagree, take the notes here as correct.

Glossary

  • a - absolutive preposition
  • aka - do
  • antane - disappear, be gone
  • ayon - red
  • e - of the
  • era - begin, start, commence
  • erek - be proud
  • eson - spirit, demon
  • hantsar - serve, give food to, give drink to
  • hasin - surface, slab, tabletop
  • hato - be visible
  • hera - move, go
  • hiyos - white
  • i - of
  • ir - and
  • ire - sit
  • kihan - arm
  • kiyes - while, when
  • kotsiyok - untruth
  • ne - with the
  • ona - but
  • quenos - smoke
  • risa - spew, spurt
  • rohas - cloud, plume, billow
  • roohina - shrine, temple, area of religious significance
  • sahi - drink
  • sakar - child
  • sawa - from the
  • sisa - face
  • te - at the, in the, on the
  • teen - him, her, it (general use 3SG independent pronoun)
  • toso - wake up, rise (from sleep)
  • tsa - ergative preposition
  • wanet - worship, idolize (has negative connotations)
  • yaatse - only, just
  • ye - to, towards, into
  • yiket - all, everyone
  • yowar - forget

Smooth English Translation

The child began to awaken the shrine. S/he moved the arm of the spirit-idol. A cloud of smoke billowed from the arm. A spirit appeared, sitting on a white slab. The child served a drink to it and its face turned red. But the spirit had been forgotten due to everyone's pride and habits. It was removed by [these] falsehoods and, when it disappeared, the child only smiled at it.