Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet: Difference between revisions
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== Caron == | == Caron == | ||
Caron is also known as háček. | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Precomposed Letters with Caron | |||
| style="font-size:180%" | ˇ || style="font-size:180%" | ◌̌ || style="font-size:180%" | Ǎ || style="font-size:180%" | ǎ || style="font-size:180%" | Č || style="font-size:180%" | č || style="font-size:180%" | Ď || style="font-size:180%" | ď || style="font-size:180%" | DŽ || style="font-size:180%" | Dž || style="font-size:180%" | dž || style="font-size:180%" | Ě || style="font-size:180%" | ě | |||
|- | |||
| U+02C7 || U+030C || U+01CD || U+01CD || U+010C || U+010D || U+010E || U+010F || U+01C4 || U+01C5 || U+01C6 || U+011A || U+011B | |||
|- | |||
| Caron || Combining Caron || Latin Letter Capital A With Caron || Latin Letter Small A With Caron || Latin Capital Letter C With Caron || Latin Small Letter C With Caron || Latin Capital Letter D With Caron || Latin Small Letter D With Caron || Latin Capital Letter Dz With Caron || Latin Capital Letter D With Small Letter Z With Caron || Latin Small Letter Dz With Caron || Latin Capital Letter E With Caron || Latin Small Letter E With Caron | |||
|- | |||
| '''Note:''' This is the non-combining form. May be confused with ˅ (Modifier Letter Down Arrowhead). || '''Note:''' This is the combining form. || || || || || || '''Note:''' In this letter the caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the d. || || || || || | |||
|- | |||
| style="font-size:180%" | Ǧ || style="font-size:180%" | ǧ || style="font-size:180%" | Ȟ || style="font-size:180%" | ȟ || style="font-size:180%" | Ǐ || style="font-size:180%" | ǐ || style="font-size:180%" | ǰ || style="font-size:180%" | Ǩ || style="font-size:180%" | ǩ || style="font-size:180%" | Ľ || style="font-size:180%" | ľ || style="font-size:180%" | Ň || style="font-size:180%" | ň | |||
|- | |||
| U+01E6 || U+01E7 || U+021E || U+021F || U+01CF || U+01D0 || U+01F0 || U+01E8 || U+01E9 || U+013D || U+013E || U+0147 || U+0148 | |||
|- | |||
| Latin Capital Letter G With Caron || Latin Small Letter G With Caron || Latin Capital Letter H With Caron || Latin Small Letter H With Caron || Latin Capital Letter I With Caron || Latin Small Letter I With Caron || Latin Small Letter J With Caron || Latin Capital Letter K With Caron || Latin Small Letter K With Caron || Latin Capital Letter L With Caron || Latin Small Letter L With Caron || Latin Capital Letter N With Caron || Latin Small Letter N With Caron | |||
|- | |||
| || || || || || || || || || colspan="2" | '''Note:''' In this letter the caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the Ll. || || | |||
|- | |||
| style="font-size:180%" | Ǒ || style="font-size:180%" | ǒ || style="font-size:180%" | Ř || style="font-size:180%" | ř || style="font-size:180%" | Š || style="font-size:180%" | š || style="font-size:180%" | Ṧ || style="font-size:180%" | ṧ || style="font-size:180%" | Ť || style="font-size:180%" | ť || style="font-size:180%" | Ǔ || style="font-size:180%" | ǔ || style="font-size:180%" | Ǚ | |||
|- | |||
| U+01D1 || U+01D2 || U+0158 || U+0159 || U+0160 || U+0161 || U+1E66 || U+1E67 || U+0164 || U+0165 || U+01D3 || U+01D4 || U+01D9 | |||
|- | |||
| Latin Capital Letter O With Caron || Latin Small Letter O With Caron || Latin Capital Letter R With Caron || Latin Small Letter R With Caron || Latin Capital Letter S With Caron || Latin Small Letter S With Caron || Latin Capital Letter S With Caron And Dot Above || Latin Small Letter S With Caron And Dot Above || Latin Capital Letter T With Caron || Latin Small Letter T With Caron || Latin Capital Letter U With Caron || Latin Small Letter U With Caron || Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron | |||
|- | |||
| || || || || || || || || || '''Note:''' In this letter the caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the t. || || || | |||
|- | |||
| style="font-size:180%" | ǚ || style="font-size:180%" | Ž || style="font-size:180%" | ž || style="font-size:180%" | Ǯ || style="font-size:180%" | ǯ | |||
|- | |||
| U+01DA || U+017D || U+017E || U+01EE || U+01EF | |||
|- | |||
| Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron || Latin Capital Letter Z With Caron || Latin Small Letter Z With Caron || Latin Capital Letter Ezh With Caron || Latin Small Letter Ezh With Caron | |||
|} | |||
Caron is also known as háček or haček. Note that the caron is easily confused with the similar looking breve (˘), especially in small font sizes. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ Uses of Caron | |+ Uses of Caron |
Revision as of 05:48, 14 August 2012
This page will list different uses of diacritical marks that have natlang precedence. Conlangers can use this to find inspiration for their own conlang romanizations.
Caron
ˇ | ◌̌ | Ǎ | ǎ | Č | č | Ď | ď | DŽ | Dž | dž | Ě | ě |
U+02C7 | U+030C | U+01CD | U+01CD | U+010C | U+010D | U+010E | U+010F | U+01C4 | U+01C5 | U+01C6 | U+011A | U+011B |
Caron | Combining Caron | Latin Letter Capital A With Caron | Latin Letter Small A With Caron | Latin Capital Letter C With Caron | Latin Small Letter C With Caron | Latin Capital Letter D With Caron | Latin Small Letter D With Caron | Latin Capital Letter Dz With Caron | Latin Capital Letter D With Small Letter Z With Caron | Latin Small Letter Dz With Caron | Latin Capital Letter E With Caron | Latin Small Letter E With Caron |
Note: This is the non-combining form. May be confused with ˅ (Modifier Letter Down Arrowhead). | Note: This is the combining form. | Note: In this letter the caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the d. | ||||||||||
Ǧ | ǧ | Ȟ | ȟ | Ǐ | ǐ | ǰ | Ǩ | ǩ | Ľ | ľ | Ň | ň |
U+01E6 | U+01E7 | U+021E | U+021F | U+01CF | U+01D0 | U+01F0 | U+01E8 | U+01E9 | U+013D | U+013E | U+0147 | U+0148 |
Latin Capital Letter G With Caron | Latin Small Letter G With Caron | Latin Capital Letter H With Caron | Latin Small Letter H With Caron | Latin Capital Letter I With Caron | Latin Small Letter I With Caron | Latin Small Letter J With Caron | Latin Capital Letter K With Caron | Latin Small Letter K With Caron | Latin Capital Letter L With Caron | Latin Small Letter L With Caron | Latin Capital Letter N With Caron | Latin Small Letter N With Caron |
Note: In this letter the caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the Ll. | ||||||||||||
Ǒ | ǒ | Ř | ř | Š | š | Ṧ | ṧ | Ť | ť | Ǔ | ǔ | Ǚ |
U+01D1 | U+01D2 | U+0158 | U+0159 | U+0160 | U+0161 | U+1E66 | U+1E67 | U+0164 | U+0165 | U+01D3 | U+01D4 | U+01D9 |
Latin Capital Letter O With Caron | Latin Small Letter O With Caron | Latin Capital Letter R With Caron | Latin Small Letter R With Caron | Latin Capital Letter S With Caron | Latin Small Letter S With Caron | Latin Capital Letter S With Caron And Dot Above | Latin Small Letter S With Caron And Dot Above | Latin Capital Letter T With Caron | Latin Small Letter T With Caron | Latin Capital Letter U With Caron | Latin Small Letter U With Caron | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron |
Note: In this letter the caron looks actually like an apostrophe placed to the right of the ascender of the t. | ||||||||||||
ǚ | Ž | ž | Ǯ | ǯ | ||||||||
U+01DA | U+017D | U+017E | U+01EE | U+01EF | ||||||||
Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron | Latin Capital Letter Z With Caron | Latin Small Letter Z With Caron | Latin Capital Letter Ezh With Caron | Latin Small Letter Ezh With Caron |
Caron is also known as háček or haček. Note that the caron is easily confused with the similar looking breve (˘), especially in small font sizes.
Usage | Language | Letters | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Postalveolar consonant | Latgalian, Latvian | Čč /tʃ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/ | ||
Livonian | Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/ |
Cedilla
Ç | ç | Ḉ | ḉ | Ḑ | ḑ | Ȩ | ȩ | Ḝ | ḝ | Ģ | ģ | Ḩ |
U+00C7 | U+00E7 | U+1E08 | U+1E09 | U+1E10 | U+1E11 | U+0228 | U+0229 | U+1E1C | U+1E1D | U+0122 | U+0123 | U+1E28 |
Latin Capital Letter C With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter C With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter C With Cedilla And Acute | Latin Small Letter C With Cedilla And Acute | Latin Capital Letter D With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter D With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla And Breve | Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla And Breve | Latin Capital Letter G With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter G With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter H With Cedilla |
| Note: The diacritic is placed on top of the letter to avoid the descender of the g. | |||||||||||
ḩ | Ķ | ķ | Ļ | ļ | Ņ | ņ | Ŗ | ŗ | Ş | ş | Ţ | ţ |
U+1E29 | U+0136 | U+0137 | U+013B | U+013C | U+0145 | U+0146 | U+0156 | U+0157 | U+015E | U+015F | U+0162 | U+0163 |
Latin Small Letter H With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter K With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter K With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter L With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter L With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter N With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter N With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter R With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter R With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter S With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter S With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter T With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter T With Cedilla |
Usage | Language | Letters | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Palatal consonant | Latgalian, Latvian | Ģģ /ɟ/, Ķķ /c/, Ļļ /ʎ/, Ņņ /ɲ/ | ||
Livonian | Ḑḑ /ɟ/, Ļļ /ʎ/, Ņņ /ɲ/, Ţţ /c/ | |||
Palatalized consonant | Livonian | Ŗŗ /rʲ/ |
Diaeresis/Umlaut
Ä | ä | Ǟ | ǟ | Ë | ë | Ḧ | ḧ | Ï | ï | Ḯ | ḯ | Ö |
U+00C4 | U+00E4 | U+01DE | U+01DF | U+00CB | U+00EB | U+1E26 | U+1E27 | U+00CF | U+00EF | U+1E2E | U+1E2F | U+00D6 |
Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Capital Letter E With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter E With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter H With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter H With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute | Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute | Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis |
ö | Ȫ | ȫ | Ṏ | ṏ | ẗ | Ü | ü | Ǖ | ǖ | Ǘ | ǘ | Ǚ |
U+00F6 | U+022A | U+022B | U+1E4E | U+1E4F | U+1E97 | U+00DC | U+00FC | U+01D5 | U+01D6 | U+01D7 | U+01D8 | U+01D9 |
Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter T With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron |
ǚ | Ǜ | ǜ | Ṻ | ṻ | Ẅ | ẅ | Ẍ | ẍ | Ÿ | ÿ | ||
U+01DA | U+01DB | U+01DC | U+1E7A | U+1E7B | U+1E84 | U+1E85 | U+1E8C | U+1E8D | U+0178 | U+00FF | ||
Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave | Latin Capital Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter W With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter W With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter X With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter X With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter Y With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter Y With Diaeresis |
Diaeresis (known as tréma in French) and umlaut both employ the same character: ¨ (U+00A8 for the non-combining form, U+0308 for the combining). But there is a difference of use between diaeresis and umlaut. Letters with umlaut stand for completely different sounds than their non-accented counterparts. For example in Swedish <o> represents /u/ while <ö> represents /ø/. Diaeresis on the other does not change the sound value of a letter, but instead marks that a vowel is not part of a diphthong or digraph.
Usage | Language | Letters | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Front version of back vowel | Finnish | Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/ | From Swedish. | |
Livonian | Ää /æ/ | |||
Swedish | Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/ | The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[1] and oe[2]. | ||
Syllable break. When two vowel follow each other, a diaeresis on the second vowel indicates that the vowels are in two different syllables instead of forming a diphthong. | French | Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ |
Ring Above
Å | å | Ǻ | ǻ | Ů | ů | ẘ | ẙ |
U+00C5 | U+00E5 | U+01FA | U+01FB | U+016E | U+016F | U+1E98 | U+1E99 |
Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above | Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above | Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above And Acute | Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above And Acute | Latin Capital Letter U With Ring Above | Latin Small Letter U With Ring Above | Latin Small Letter W With Ring Above | Latin Small Letter Y With Ring Above |
Note: May be confused with the Ångström sign Å (U+212B). |
The non-combining form of ˚ is U+02DA and the combining form is U+030A.
Use | Language | Letters | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Back version of front vowel. Often rounded. | Chamorro | Åå /ɑ/ | ||
Danish, Norwegian | Åå /ɔ/ | From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[3] | ||
Swedish | Åå /o/ | From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[4] |