Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet: Difference between revisions
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This page will list different uses of diacritical marks that have natlang precedence. Conlangers can use this to find inspiration for their own conlang romanizations. | This page will list different uses of diacritical marks that have natlang precedence. Conlangers can use this to find inspiration for their own conlang romanizations. | ||
== Caron == | |||
Caron is also known as háček. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Uses of Caron | |||
! Usage | |||
! Language | |||
! Letters | |||
! Origin | |||
! Notes | |||
|- | |||
| rowspan=2 | Postalveolar consonant | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Latgalian_language|Latgalian]], [[Wikipedia:Latvian_language|Latvian]] | |||
| Čč /tʃ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]] | |||
| Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
== Cedilla == | == Cedilla == |
Revision as of 04:38, 14 August 2012
This page will list different uses of diacritical marks that have natlang precedence. Conlangers can use this to find inspiration for their own conlang romanizations.
Caron
Caron is also known as háček.
Usage | Language | Letters | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Postalveolar consonant | Latgalian, Latvian | Čč /tʃ/, Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/ | ||
Livonian | Šš /ʃ/, Žž /ʒ/ |
Cedilla
Ç | ç | Ḉ | ḉ | Ḑ | ḑ | Ȩ | ȩ | Ḝ | ḝ | Ģ | ģ | Ḩ |
U+00C7 | U+00E7 | U+1E08 | U+1E09 | U+1E10 | U+1E11 | U+0228 | U+0229 | U+1E1C | U+1E1D | U+0122 | U+0123 | U+1E28 |
Latin Capital Letter C With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter C With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter C With Cedilla And Acute | Latin Small Letter C With Cedilla And Acute | Latin Capital Letter D With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter D With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla And Breve | Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla And Breve | Latin Capital Letter G With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter G With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter H With Cedilla |
| Note: The diacritic is placed on top of the letter to avoid the descender of the g. | |||||||||||
ḩ | Ķ | ķ | Ļ | ļ | Ņ | ņ | Ŗ | ŗ | Ş | ş | Ţ | ţ |
U+1E29 | U+0136 | U+0137 | U+013B | U+013C | U+0145 | U+0146 | U+0156 | U+0157 | U+015E | U+015F | U+0162 | U+0163 |
Latin Small Letter H With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter K With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter K With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter L With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter L With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter N With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter N With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter R With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter R With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter S With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter S With Cedilla | Latin Capital Letter T With Cedilla | Latin Small Letter T With Cedilla |
Usage | Language | Letters | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Palatal consonant | Latgalian, Latvian | Ģģ /ɟ/, Ķķ /c/, Ļļ /ʎ/, Ņņ /ɲ/ | ||
Livonian | Ḑḑ /ɟ/, Ļļ /ʎ/, Ņņ /ɲ/, Ţţ /c/ | |||
Palatalized consonant | Livonian | Ŗŗ /rʲ/ |
Diaeresis/Umlaut
Ä | ä | Ǟ | ǟ | Ë | ë | Ḧ | ḧ | Ï | ï | Ḯ | ḯ | Ö |
U+00C4 | U+00E4 | U+01DE | U+01DF | U+00CB | U+00EB | U+1E26 | U+1E27 | U+00CF | U+00EF | U+1E2E | U+1E2F | U+00D6 |
Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Capital Letter E With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter E With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter H With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter H With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute | Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute | Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis |
ö | Ȫ | ȫ | Ṏ | ṏ | ẗ | Ü | ü | Ǖ | ǖ | Ǘ | ǘ | Ǚ |
U+00F6 | U+022A | U+022B | U+1E4E | U+1E4F | U+1E97 | U+00DC | U+00FC | U+01D5 | U+01D6 | U+01D7 | U+01D8 | U+01D9 |
Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter T With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron |
ǚ | Ǜ | ǜ | Ṻ | ṻ | Ẅ | ẅ | Ẍ | ẍ | Ÿ | ÿ | ||
U+01DA | U+01DB | U+01DC | U+1E7A | U+1E7B | U+1E84 | U+1E85 | U+1E8C | U+1E8D | U+0178 | U+00FF | ||
Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron | Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave | Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave | Latin Capital Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter W With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter W With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter X With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter X With Diaeresis | Latin Capital Letter Y With Diaeresis | Latin Small Letter Y With Diaeresis |
Diaeresis (known as tréma in French) and umlaut both employ the same character: ¨ (U+00A8 for the non-combining form, U+0308 for the combining). But there is a difference of use between diaeresis and umlaut. Letters with umlaut stand for completely different sounds than their non-accented counterparts. For example in Swedish <o> represents /u/ while <ö> represents /ø/. Diaeresis on the other does not change the sound value of a letter, but instead marks that a vowel is not part of a diphthong or digraph.
Usage | Language | Letters | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Front version of back vowel | Finnish | Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/ | From Swedish. | |
Livonian | Ää /æ/ | |||
Swedish | Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/ | The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[1] and oe[2]. | ||
Syllable break. When two vowel follow each other, a diaeresis on the second vowel indicates that the vowels are in two different syllables instead of forming a diphthong. | French | Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ |
Ring Above
Å | å | Ǻ | ǻ | Ů | ů | ẘ | ẙ |
U+00C5 | U+00E5 | U+01FA | U+01FB | U+016E | U+016F | U+1E98 | U+1E99 |
Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above | Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above | Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above And Acute | Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above And Acute | Latin Capital Letter U With Ring Above | Latin Small Letter U With Ring Above | Latin Small Letter W With Ring Above | Latin Small Letter Y With Ring Above |
Note: May be confused with the Ångström sign Å (U+212B). |
The non-combining form of ˚ is U+02DA and the combining form is U+030A.
Use | Language | Letters | Origin | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Back version of front vowel. Often rounded. | Chamorro | Åå /ɑ/ | ||
Danish, Norwegian | Åå /ɔ/ | From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[3] | ||
Swedish | Åå /o/ | From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[4] |