Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet: Difference between revisions

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{{WIP}}
{{WIP}}
This page will list different uses of diacritical marks that have natland precedence. Conlangers can use this to find inspiration for their own conlang romanizations.
This page will list different uses of diacritical marks that have natlang precedence. Conlangers can use this to find inspiration for their own conlang romanizations.


== Cedilla ==
== Cedilla ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Cedilla
|+ Precomposed Letters with Cedilla
| style="font-size:180%" | Ç || style="font-size:180%" | ç || style="font-size:180%" | Ḉ || style="font-size:180%" | ḉ || style="font-size:180%" | Ḑ || style="font-size:180%" | ḑ || style="font-size:180%" | Ȩ || style="font-size:180%" | ȩ || style="font-size:180%" | Ḝ || style="font-size:180%" | ḝ || style="font-size:180%" | Ģ || style="font-size:180%" | ģ || style="font-size:180%" | Ḩ
|-
| U+00C7 || U+00E7 || U+1E08 || U+1E09 || U+1E10 || U+1E11 || U+0228 || U+0229 || U+1E1C || U+1E1D || U+0122 || U+0123 || U+1E28
|-
| Latin Capital Letter C With Cedilla || Latin Small Letter C With Cedilla || Latin Capital Letter C With Cedilla And Acute || Latin Small Letter C With Cedilla And Acute || Latin Capital Letter D With Cedilla || Latin Small Letter D With Cedilla || Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla || Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla || Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla And Breve || Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla And Breve || Latin Capital Letter G With Cedilla || Latin Small Letter G With Cedilla || Latin Capital Letter H With Cedilla
|-
| || || || || || || ||​ || || || || '''Note:''' The diacritic is placed on top of the letter to avoid the descender of the g. ||
|-
| style="font-size:180%" | ḩ || style="font-size:180%" | Ķ || style="font-size:180%" | ķ || style="font-size:180%" | Ļ || style="font-size:180%" | ļ || style="font-size:180%" | Ņ || style="font-size:180%" | ņ || style="font-size:180%" | Ŗ || style="font-size:180%" | ŗ || style="font-size:180%" | Ş || style="font-size:180%" | ş || style="font-size:180%" | Ţ || style="font-size:180%" | ţ
|-
| U+1E29 || U+0136 || U+0137 || U+013B || U+013C || U+0145 || U+0146 || U+0156 || U+0157 || U+015E || U+015F || U+0162 || U+0163
|-
| Latin Small Letter H With Cedilla || Latin Capital Letter K With Cedilla || Latin Small Letter K With Cedilla || Latin Capital Letter L With Cedilla || Latin Small Letter L With Cedilla || Latin Capital Letter N With Cedilla || Latin Small Letter N With Cedilla || Latin Capital Letter R With Cedilla || Latin Small Letter R With Cedilla || Latin Capital Letter S With Cedilla || Latin Small Letter S With Cedilla || Latin Capital Letter T With Cedilla || Latin Small Letter T With Cedilla
|}
 
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Uses of Cedilla
! Usage
! Usage
! Language
! Language
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| rowspan=1 | Palatalized consonant
| rowspan=1 | Palatalized consonant
| [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]]
| [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]]
|-
| Ŗŗ /rʲ/
| Ŗŗ /rʲ/
|
|
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== Diaeresis/Umlaut ==
== Diaeresis/Umlaut ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Precomposed letters with diaeresis/umlaut
|+ Precomposed Letters with Diaeresis/Umlaut
| style="font-size:180%" | Ä || style="font-size:180%" | ä || style="font-size:180%" | Ǟ || style="font-size:180%" | ǟ || style="font-size:180%" | Ë || style="font-size:180%" | ë || style="font-size:180%" | Ḧ || style="font-size:180%" | ḧ || style="font-size:180%" | Ï || style="font-size:180%" | ï || style="font-size:180%" | Ḯ || style="font-size:180%" | ḯ || style="font-size:180%" | Ö  
| style="font-size:180%" | Ä || style="font-size:180%" | ä || style="font-size:180%" | Ǟ || style="font-size:180%" | ǟ || style="font-size:180%" | Ë || style="font-size:180%" | ë || style="font-size:180%" | Ḧ || style="font-size:180%" | ḧ || style="font-size:180%" | Ï || style="font-size:180%" | ï || style="font-size:180%" | Ḯ || style="font-size:180%" | ḯ || style="font-size:180%" | Ö  
|-
|-
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Diaeresis/Umlaut
|+ Uses of Diaeresis or Umlaut
! Usage
! Usage
! Language
! Language
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== Ring Above ==
== Ring Above ==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Precomposed letters with diaeresis/umlaut
|+ Precomposed Letter with Ring Above
| style="font-size:180%" | Å || style="font-size:180%" | å || style="font-size:180%" | Ǻ || style="font-size:180%" | ǻ || style="font-size:180%" | Ů || style="font-size:180%" | ů || style="font-size:180%" | ẘ || style="font-size:180%" | ẙ
| style="font-size:180%" | Å || style="font-size:180%" | å || style="font-size:180%" | Ǻ || style="font-size:180%" | ǻ || style="font-size:180%" | Ů || style="font-size:180%" | ů || style="font-size:180%" | ẘ || style="font-size:180%" | ẙ
|-
|-
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| Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above || Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above And Acute || Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above And Acute || Latin Capital Letter U With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter U With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter W With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter Y With Ring Above
| Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above || Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above And Acute || Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above And Acute || Latin Capital Letter U With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter U With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter W With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter Y With Ring Above
|-
|-
| '''Note:''' May be confused with the Ångström sign Å (U+212B).
| '''Note:''' May be confused with the Ångström sign Å (U+212B). || || || || || || ||
|}
|}
The non-combining form of ˚ is U+02DA and the combining form is U+030A.
The non-combining form of ˚ is U+02DA and the combining form is U+030A.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Ring Above
|+ Uses of Ring Above
! Use
! Use
! Language
! Language

Revision as of 03:33, 12 August 2012

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This page will list different uses of diacritical marks that have natlang precedence. Conlangers can use this to find inspiration for their own conlang romanizations.

Cedilla

Precomposed Letters with Cedilla
Ç ç Ḉ ḉ Ḑ ḑ Ȩ ȩ Ḝ ḝ Ģ ģ Ḩ
U+00C7 U+00E7 U+1E08 U+1E09 U+1E10 U+1E11 U+0228 U+0229 U+1E1C U+1E1D U+0122 U+0123 U+1E28
Latin Capital Letter C With Cedilla Latin Small Letter C With Cedilla Latin Capital Letter C With Cedilla And Acute Latin Small Letter C With Cedilla And Acute Latin Capital Letter D With Cedilla Latin Small Letter D With Cedilla Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla Latin Capital Letter E With Cedilla And Breve Latin Small Letter E With Cedilla And Breve Latin Capital Letter G With Cedilla Latin Small Letter G With Cedilla Latin Capital Letter H With Cedilla
​ Note: The diacritic is placed on top of the letter to avoid the descender of the g.
ḩ Ķ ķ Ļ ļ Ņ ņ Ŗ ŗ Ş ş Ţ ţ
U+1E29 U+0136 U+0137 U+013B U+013C U+0145 U+0146 U+0156 U+0157 U+015E U+015F U+0162 U+0163
Latin Small Letter H With Cedilla Latin Capital Letter K With Cedilla Latin Small Letter K With Cedilla Latin Capital Letter L With Cedilla Latin Small Letter L With Cedilla Latin Capital Letter N With Cedilla Latin Small Letter N With Cedilla Latin Capital Letter R With Cedilla Latin Small Letter R With Cedilla Latin Capital Letter S With Cedilla Latin Small Letter S With Cedilla Latin Capital Letter T With Cedilla Latin Small Letter T With Cedilla
Uses of Cedilla
Usage Language Letters Origin Notes
Palatal consonant Latgalian, Latvian Ģģ /ɟ/, Ķķ /c/, Ļļ /ʎ/, Ņņ /ɲ/
Livonian Ḑḑ /ɟ/, Ļļ /ʎ/, Ņņ /ɲ/, Ţţ /c/
Palatalized consonant Livonian Ŗŗ /rʲ/

Diaeresis/Umlaut

Precomposed Letters with Diaeresis/Umlaut
Ä ä Ǟ ǟ Ë ë Ḧ ḧ Ï ï Ḯ ḯ Ö
U+00C4 U+00E4 U+01DE U+01DF U+00CB U+00EB U+1E26 U+1E27 U+00CF ​ U+00EF U+1E2E U+1E2F U+00D6
Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Capital Letter E With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter E With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter H With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter H With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute ​ Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis
ö Ȫ ȫ Ṏ ṏ ẗ Ü ü Ǖ ǖ Ǘ ǘ Ǚ
U+00F6 ​ U+022A U+022B U+1E4E U+1E4F U+1E97 U+00DC ​ U+00FC U+01D5 U+01D6 U+01D7 U+01D8 U+01D9
Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis ​ Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis Latin Small Letter T With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron ​ Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron
ǚ Ǜ ǜ Ṻ ṻ Ẅ ẅ Ẍ ẍ Ÿ ÿ
U+01DA U+01DB U+01DC U+1E7A U+1E7B U+1E84 U+1E85 U+1E8C U+1E8D U+0178 U+00FF
Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave Latin Capital Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis Latin Small Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter W With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter W With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter X With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter X With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter Y With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter Y With Diaeresis

Diaeresis (known as tréma in French) and umlaut both employ the same character: ¨ (U+00A8 for the non-combining form, U+0308 for the combining). But there is a difference of use between diaeresis and umlaut. Letters with umlaut stand for completely different sounds than their non-accented counterparts. For example in Swedish <o> represents /u/ while <ö> represents /ø/. Diaeresis on the other does not change the sound value of a letter, but instead marks that a vowel is not part of a diphthong or digraph.

Uses of Diaeresis or Umlaut
Usage Language Letters Origin Notes
Front version of back vowel Finnish Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/ From Swedish.
Livonian Ää /æ/
Swedish Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/ The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[1] and oe[2].
Syllable break. When two vowel follow each other, a diaeresis on the second vowel indicates that the vowels are in two different syllables instead of forming a diphthong. French Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ

Ring Above

Precomposed Letter with Ring Above
Å å Ǻ ǻ Ů ů ẘ ẙ
U+00C5 U+00E5 U+01FA U+01FB U+016E U+016F U+1E98 U+1E99
Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above And Acute Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above And Acute Latin Capital Letter U With Ring Above Latin Small Letter U With Ring Above Latin Small Letter W With Ring Above Latin Small Letter Y With Ring Above
Note: May be confused with the Ångström sign Å (U+212B).

The non-combining form of ˚ is U+02DA and the combining form is U+030A.

Uses of Ring Above
Use Language Letters Origin Notes
Back version of front vowel. Often rounded. Chamorro Åå /ɑ/
Danish, Norwegian Åå /ɔ/ From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[3]
Swedish Åå /o/ From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[4]
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