Natlang Uses of Diacritics in the Latin Alphabet: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Diaeresis/Umlaut
|+ Diaeresis/Umlaut
  ! Use
! Usage
  ! Language
!Language
  ! Letters
! Letters
! Origin
! Origin
  |-
! Notes
  | rowspan=3 | Front version of back vowel
|-
| rowspan=3 | Front version of back vowel
| [[Wikipedia:Finnish_language|Finnish]]
| [[Wikipedia:Finnish_language|Finnish]]
| Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/
| Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/
| From Swedish.
| From Swedish.
  |-
|
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]]
| [[Wikipedia:Livonian_language|Livonian]]
| Ää /æ/
| Ää /æ/
|
|
|
|-
|-
| [[Wikipedia:Swedish_language|Swedish]]
| [[Wikipedia:Swedish_language|Swedish]]
  | Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/
| Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/
| The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84] and oe[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96].
| The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84] and oe[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96].
|
|-
|-
| Syllable break. When two vowel follow each other, a diaeresis on the second vowel indicates that the vowels are in two different syllables instead of forming a diphthong.
| Syllable break. When two vowel follow each other, a diaeresis on the second vowel indicates that the vowels are in two different syllables instead of forming a diphthong.
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| Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ
| Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ
|  
|  
|}
|
|}


== Ring Above ==
== Ring Above ==
The non-combining form of ˚ is U+02DA and the combining form is U+030A. Precomposed letters with this diacritic are: <span style="font-size: 16pt">Å<sub>U+00C5</sub> å<sub>U+00E5</sub> Ů<sub>U+016E</sub> ů<sub>U+016F</sub> Ǻ<sub>U+01FA</sub> ǻ<sub>U+01FB</sub> ẘ<sub>U+1E98</sub> ẙ<sub>U+1E99<sub>
{| class="wikitable"
|+ Precomposed letters with diaeresis/umlaut
| style="font-size:180%" | Å || style="font-size:180%" | å || style="font-size:180%" | Ǻ || style="font-size:180%" | ǻ || style="font-size:180%" | Ů || style="font-size:180%" | ů || style="font-size:180%" | ẘ || style="font-size:180%" | ẙ
|-
| U+00C5 || U+00E5 || U+01FA || U+01FB || U+016E || U+016F || U+1E98 || U+1E99
|-
| Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above || Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above And Acute || Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above And Acute || Latin Capital Letter U With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter U With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter W With Ring Above || Latin Small Letter Y With Ring Above
|-
| '''Note:''' May be confused with the Ångström sign Å (U+212B).
|}
The non-combining form of ˚ is U+02DA and the combining form is U+030A.


{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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! Letters
! Letters
! Origin
! Origin
! Notes
|-
|-
| rowspan=3 | Back version of front vowel. Often rounded.
| rowspan=3 | Back version of front vowel. Often rounded.

Revision as of 02:31, 12 August 2012

This article is a work in progress.
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This page will list different uses of diacritical marks that have natland precedence. Conlangers can use this to find inspiration for their own conlang romanizations.

Diaeresis/Umlaut

Precomposed letters with diaeresis/umlaut
Ä ä Ǟ ǟ Ë ë Ḧ ḧ Ï ï Ḯ ḯ Ö
U+00C4 U+00E4 U+01DE U+01DF U+00CB U+00EB U+1E26 U+1E27 U+00CF ​ U+00EF U+1E2E U+1E2F U+00D6
Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Small Letter A With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Capital Letter E With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter E With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter H With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter H With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute Latin Small Letter I With Diaeresis And Acute ​ Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis
ö Ȫ ȫ Ṏ ṏ ẗ Ü ü Ǖ ǖ Ǘ ǘ Ǚ
U+00F6 ​ U+022A U+022B U+1E4E U+1E4F U+1E97 U+00DC ​ U+00FC U+01D5 U+01D6 U+01D7 U+01D8 U+01D9
Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis ​ Latin Capital Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Small Letter O With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Capital Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis Latin Small Letter O With Tilde And Diaeresis Latin Small Letter T With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Macron ​ Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Acute Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron
ǚ Ǜ ǜ Ṻ ṻ Ẅ ẅ Ẍ ẍ Ÿ ÿ
U+01DA U+01DB U+01DC U+1E7A U+1E7B U+1E84 U+1E85 U+1E8C U+1E8D U+0178 U+00FF
Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Caron Latin Capital Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave Latin Small Letter U With Diaeresis And Grave Latin Capital Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis Latin Small Letter U With Macron And Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter W With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter W With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter X With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter X With Diaeresis Latin Capital Letter Y With Diaeresis Latin Small Letter Y With Diaeresis

Diaeresis (known as tréma in French) and umlaut both employ the same character: ¨ (U+00A8 for the non-combining form, U+0308 for the combining). But there is a difference of use between diaeresis and umlaut. Letters with umlaut stand for completely different sounds than their non-accented counterparts. For example in Swedish <o> represents /u/ while <ö> represents /ø/. Diaeresis on the other does not change the sound value of a letter, but instead marks that a vowel is not part of a diphthong or digraph.

Diaeresis/Umlaut
Usage Language Letters Origin Notes
Front version of back vowel Finnish Ää /æ/, Öö /ø/ From Swedish.
Livonian Ää /æ/
Swedish Ää /ɛ/, Öö /ø/ The umlaut evolved from the letter e in the digraphs ae[1] and oe[2].
Syllable break. When two vowel follow each other, a diaeresis on the second vowel indicates that the vowels are in two different syllables instead of forming a diphthong. French Ëë, Ïï, Üü, Ÿÿ

Ring Above

Precomposed letters with diaeresis/umlaut
Å å Ǻ ǻ Ů ů ẘ ẙ
U+00C5 U+00E5 U+01FA U+01FB U+016E U+016F U+1E98 U+1E99
Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above Latin Capital Letter A With Ring Above And Acute Latin Small Letter A With Ring Above And Acute Latin Capital Letter U With Ring Above Latin Small Letter U With Ring Above Latin Small Letter W With Ring Above Latin Small Letter Y With Ring Above
Note: May be confused with the Ångström sign Å (U+212B).

The non-combining form of ˚ is U+02DA and the combining form is U+030A.

Ring Above
Use Language Letters Origin Notes
Back version of front vowel. Often rounded. Chamorro Åå /ɑ/
Danish, Norwegian Åå /ɔ/ From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[3]
Swedish Åå /o/ From an earlier digraph aa representing /ɔ/, which in turn came from /aː/.[4]
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