Proto-Uralic/O: Difference between revisions

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Line 65: Line 65:
| "to say"
| "to say"
| *hoke- || - || - || - || *šuu- || - || - || - || -
| *hoke- || - || - || - || *šuu- || - || - || - || -
|-
| "barley"
| - || - || *čuž || '''*šož''' || *čuužj || - || - || - || -
|-
| "hill"
| - || - || - || *mʊčə || *muuč || - || - || - || -
|-
| "to dive"
| - || - || - || *šʊŋga- || *s/zuuŋ- || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| ""
| ""
Line 138: Line 147:
|-
|-
| "stick"
| "stick"
| *po/?nci || - || Mk. ponda || *panðə || *pood || - || - || - || -
| *po/?nci || - || Mk. ponda || *pandə || *pood || - || - || - || -
| P. also ''*böd'' "staff"
| P. also ''*böd'' "staff"
|-
|-
Line 203: Line 212:
| "drape"
| "drape"
| '''*uudim''' || - || - || - || ''*ɤɤn(m-)'' || - || *aaməl || *ooɬəw || -
| '''*uudim''' || - || - || - || ''*ɤɤn(m-)'' || - || *aaməl || *ooɬəw || -
|-
| "millet; oat"
| - || - || *surə || - || ''*zɤɤr'' || - || - || - || -
|-
|-
| "to die"
| "to die"
| kuole- || - || kulo- || *kole- || *kuul- || hal- || *kaal- || ''*kal-'' || *kåə-
| kuole- || - || *kulə- || *kole- || *kuul- || hal- || *kaal- || ''*kal-'' || *kåə-
| Cf. "death"
| Cf. "death"
|-
|-

Revision as of 16:51, 18 April 2012

Std. PU *o_i

F. *o_i, Smy. *å(_ə)

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
*o_i proper (S. *ō_ɤ, Mo. *u, Ms. *aa, Kh. *ooCC)
"hollow, cavity" *o/?nci *vōmtɤ *undə - U. udur odur *aantər *oontər - *omti(-rV)
"hole in wood" - *vōwtɤ - - - - - *ooŋət - *oŋti, cf. prev.
"to wash" *mo/õske- - *muśkə- *mʊška- *mɨśk- moš- - - *måsə-
"to scorch" *ko/?rpe- *kōrpɤ- *kurva- - - - - - *kårpə-
"to chew" - *sōskɤ- *suskə- - *sɤɤsk- - *taɣt- *ɬooɣəɬ- #tutə-
"hole" *o/?ŋka *vōŋkō - - - - *waaŋkaa *wooŋk *wåŋkə
"male" - *kōjɤ
- -
*koom

hiim
*kuj,
*kum
*kuuj
- *koji(-ma)
"to bring" *too- *tōkɤ- *tujə- - - - *tuul- *tuu- *tå- / *tə- H. *toj- "lay eggs" may be ← Trc
"to sound" *so/?i- *čōjɤ- - *ša-ktə- - zaj- *suj- *söj-
"tin, lead" - - - *wulnə - oon *ålən *oolnə
"knee" *po/õlvi *pōlvɤ *pul- *pʊl - - - - *puəj
"to go thru" - *sōŋɤ- Er. sova-
~ Mo. suva-
- U. zum- ~ K. sun- av- *tuw- *ɬaŋ- *tüj-
"netstring" - *cōncɤ - - - - - *čoončəɣ -
"(to) knot" *so/õlmi *čōlmɤ *śulma - - čomoo - - -
"to touch" NF *koske- *kōskɤ- - *kuške- K. kos- - - - -
"buckle" *so/õlki *čūlkō- *śulga †šolkama *śuul - - - -
"to say" *hoke- - - - *šuu- - - - -
"barley" - - *čuž *šož *čuužj - - - -
"hill" - - - *mʊčə *muuč - - - -
"to dive" - - - *šʊŋga- *s/zuuŋ- - - - -
"" *jo- *jō- E. ju- *ju- - - - - - ← IE?
"worm" - *sōksɤ *suks *šukš - - - - -
""
"to be sick" *po/õte- *pōcɤ- - - - - - - -
"true" *to/õci *tōtɤ - - - - - - -
""
"to cut" - - - - - farag *paar - *pərå- Smy. "to scrape", may not belong
"to dry" - - - - - asoo *taaš *soos
"net needle" F. sohi- ? *čōpsēmē - *šapš - - *taas *soopəs - Note irregular sibilants in OU
with Ms. *ɤɤ
"cheek" *po/õski - - - - - *pɤɤjət #puɣɬəm *påtə
"minor river" *jo/õki *jokɤ jov *joɣə *juu joo *jɤɤɣɤɤ - -
"major river" *juka - - *jooɣən *jəka for comparision
*ô_i (S. *o_ɤ, Mo. *o, Ma. *a?,
"dry" *koski *koškɤ- *kośkə- *kaškə- *kwååś - - - *kåsə- F. meaning "rapids", → S. *kóškɤ ibid.
"birch bark vessel" *ko/?sja "Ko. S" kočēk - - - - *kus *koťək - F. → NS guošši
"bow" *jo/?uci *jōksɤ *joŋs *jaŋež - iij *jaɣət *jooɣəɬ *jïntə *-ŋs-
"to pursue" *no/õu-ta- - - - - - *ńåwt- *ńååɣəɬ- *ńo- close to *u
"to experience" *koke- - - - - - - - *ko-
"bosom" *po/õvi *pōŋɤ Er. poŋgo
~ Mk. pov
Hi. poŋgəš
~ Me. poməš
*pi - *puut *poɣəɬ - Hang on, it's *uu ~ *o again
"snot" *no/?lki *snōlkɤ *nolgə - - ńaal - - - Or *o with Mo. irregular
"stick" *po/?nci - Mk. ponda *pandə *pood - - - - P. also *böd "staff"
"vessel" - - *očkə *wačkɤ U. vɨčkɨ - - - -
"to sieve" *pohtVj- - ponžavto- - *poož- - - - -
"straw" *o/õlki - *olgə - - - - - -
"corner; to hide" *so/?ppi - *śopə- - - - - - -
"bear" *o/?kci - *ovtə - - - - - - Cf. IE *arktos
"to sink" *lo/?nteh - londado- - - - - - -
*ox: IE loans
"salt" suola - sal Hi cal ~ Me ćal U. sɨlal ~ K. sol - - - - ← IE, multiple loans? Mari affricated prenasally? (#sÖnćAl)
"butter" voi *vōjɤ *vaj *vɤɤj vaj *waaj *wooj - ← IA *āǵja ? No explicit evidence for length; looks like regular *o, save retention of *v-.
"intestine" suoli *čoalē śula *šol *śuul - - *sol - Type 1. ← IA ?
"year" vuosi *vōtɤ - - U. va ~ K. u vaĺ - *ål ? - ~ IA *vataḥ
"streak" juoni *jōnɤ jan - - - - - - ← IA *jaana
"protection" suoja, hoi-va *sōjē, šōjē - - - - - - - ← II *sḱaajaa
""
std. PU *ox type 1
"to sweep" huosi- - - - U. čuž- - *šaaš- *čaač- Se čuuč-←
*čåəč-
"to be" *ole- - *ulə- *ʊlə- *vɤɤl- vol-, val- *aal- *wal- *åə-
"mountain" vuori - - - *vɤɤr - *waar *woor - Cf. *wara? ← II *aras ?!
"drape" *uudim - - - *ɤɤn(m-) - *aaməl *ooɬəw -
"millet; oat" - - *surə - *zɤɤr - - - -
"to die" kuole- - *kulə- *kole- *kuul- hal- *kaal- *kal- *kåə- Cf. "death"
"to hack" kuokki- - - - *kook- - - - - Coincidental?
"pit" kuoppa U. gop
std. PU *ox type 2?
"to lick" nuole- *noalō- nola- *nʊle- *ńuul- ńal- *ńal- *ńal- *ńåə- Check Kh. forms. Eastern palzn?
"those" nuo *nō- nonat *nʊnə K. nɨ- - - - Se. na
"that" tuo *tō to- *tʊ U. tu ~ K. ta-, taa- *tuu-, *tu- *to- *tå-
"crust" kuori - kaŕ - K. kɨrś - *kur- *kor- - For Se. ker- cf. *kêri
"side" puoli - pola - - - - - -
"pole" vuoli - - - - - *ula *wol -
"pole" ulku *holkɤ olga - K. ɨl *aawla *oɣəl *uj for comparision
std. PU *ox but looks more like *ux
"spruce" kuusi *kōsɤ kuz *kož U. kɨz ~ K. koz - *kawt *kooɬ *kåət
Messy stuff
"berry" *poola, Võ pala - - K. pul boĺoo,
boɟoo ?
*pul - *pål- Core F. probably reshaped after *joo-la- "V. uliginosum"
"3" *kolmi *kolmɤ *kolmə *kʊm #kuuińm haarom *kuurəm *kooɬəm - *-rm- ? -ðm- ?? Wanderwort?!
"aspen" - - *poj - *pi - - *paaj #pij
"to flay" - *ńōvɤ- - - *ńij- ńuuz- *ńuuj- H- *ńowi-ta-?
"(to) patch" - *tōŋɤ- - *tuməš K. dɤm - - - - ŋ/m?
"swan" *jo/?uccen *ńūkčɤ *lokś- *jükšə *juuśk- - - - -
"pole" - *čōlčɤ - - - - - - *səlčə Bad
"lake" - - - - *tɨ tav- *taa *tøɣ *to
"to sew" - - - *wʊrge- *vurɨ- var- - - -
"straight" *oikeda - *vijəďɜ *wij- - - - - -
"to feed" - - - *wurde- *vördɨ- - - - - Cf. IE *werdʰ-
"to throw" *loo *lū *ĺijə- *loŋa- *lɤd- loog- WTF is this shit
"to sink" - - - - - rokkan- *rowt-, N. räɣ- *raak- -
"brittle" NF *rohka - - *račka *ruuž; K. rɨšk- - - - - *roši, *roš-ka? OU ris etc. ← K. Don't see how H. ruš- "slow" compares
"brittle" - - - #rot - ruut, rot- - *ratək -
"mitten" - - - *piž K. pɨś - *pɤɤsɣə *paas -
"barley" - - *čuž *šož *čuž - - - -
"dawn" *koi - - K. kɨa - - - - - H. haj, Ms. *kuuj cf. *kaja "sun"
"to stick" - - - - *tooj- †toĺ- - - -
"dish, chest" - - - - *dooz - - *toɬ -
"a fish" *to/õtki - *tutka *tatə - tat *tåkt - Sk. tut
"to dare" *tohtVj- *tōstɤ- - *tošta- - - - - -
"cloth" - - - *tʊɣər *te/ɤra - - - -
"hill" - - - - - domb *tåmp - - clearly not PU
"birch bark" tidoo + OU per *tana
"to knock" - - Er tomba- - U dɨbɨrt- †tob- Lz tååmp- - -
"to oppose" *to/õrju- *toarjō- *tuŕə- - - - - - - S. "to support". Cf. *tora
"(to) patch" - W *tōŋɤ ~ E *tōvŋɤ - *tumɤš K dɤm - - - -
"oak" *tammi - *tumə *tum(ə) *tu - - - -
""

Std. PU *o_a

Lexeme Finnic Samic Mordv. Mari Permic Hung. Mansi Khanty Samoy. Comments
F. *o_a, S. *oa_ē, Mo. *u_ə, Ma. *u, P. *Cuu / *(k)wåå, H. a/aa, Ms. *uu, Smy. *å_å
"to sleep" - *oaðē- *udə- - - al- - *aɬ- -
"sleep" - - *udəmə *omə *uunm - *uuləm *ooɬəm - *oða-ma (or *-ima?); cf. "to sleep"
"to bark" - - - *optə- *uuwt- - *uut- *oopət- -
"to dry" - - - - *śuur- saar- *šuur- *saar- - Or *a₂
"jaw" - *oalōl *ulə - - aall *uuləć - -
"part; flesh" *osa *oańčē Me. ü/užas - aaɟek, ost- *uunć - - ← II?
"fish trap" *ota- *oacē - - K. vodž - *wuuš *waač *wåčå Mo. *oš "city" probably doesn't belong
"bend" - NS moagge - - *mög - *muuɣəl *maɣəɬ -
similar but Ms *aa
"raft" *parvi *poarē(vē) - - *puur - *paaraa *par *pårV
"flock" *parvi - - - - - *parə - Same root as prev.?
"horn" *sarvi *čoarvē *śurə *šur *śuur sarv *saarəp *ćärpə - ← II
"group" *konta ~
*kunta
*kontē Mk. kuńďä - - had *kaant *kantəɣ *kåntə S & NF contam. with Gmc *hundra?
"elbow" *o/õlka *oalkē - - K. volɨs vaall *waaɣləp - *wajk- ~ BSl. *olkuti ? Ms. "shoulderband"
"to spread, bed" - - - - *wååĺ- aaɟ *aaĺ - - F. ← vuota ← B, Mo. *aca ← Miš.
indistinct
"house" *ko/?ta *koatē *kudə *kuðɤ *kwåå haaz - *kaat - ← II?
"ear; leaf" *ko/õrva *koarvē - - *kwåår harap - - *kåw
"head" *oiva *oajvē Mk. uj- *wuj - - - - *åjwå
"to bring" - *toalvō- - - - - - - *tåjwå-
"wedge" - - *tulə - *tuul - - - *tajwA
"hare" - *ńoamēlē *numələ - K. ńimal ńuul - - *ńåmå ← *ńoxi-ma(-la)? H. *m-lenition
"war" *so/õta - *śudə- *šuðə-
"curse"
- - *såjə S. *soattē ← F. Check AASmy.
"quarrel" *to/?ra *toarō *tuŕə- Hi. torle- - - - *tårə-
"aunt" - *koaskē - - - - - - *kåtå
"skin" E. kõba - *kuvə *kuwə *kuu - - - *kopa
"to sew" - - - *ʊrɣə- *vuur- var- - - -
"awl" *ora *oarē *urə - - aar - - - ← II *ārā (Vo õra)
"orphan" *orpa- *oarpēs *urəs - - aarva - - - ← IE
"squirrel" *orava *oarē *ur *ur K. ur - - - - (Vo õrava)
"to vomit" *oksenta- *vōksē- *uksəndə- *ukšənz/ća- U. ɤskɨ-
~ K. vos-
- - - -
"twig" *oksa *oaksē - *ukš *oosɨ - - - -
"reindeer" *poro *poačōj - Hi. pučə ~
Me. püčö
U. pudžej - - - - ← II *paču-; Ms *pääš ~ Kh *peeč indep.
"eagle" *kotka *koackēmē *kućkan *kučkəž *kuuč - - - -
"shaman" *no/õjta *noajtē - - - - *ńääjt - - cf. prev?
"sleigh" - *čoanē
"last sleigh"
- - - - *šun - -
"spirit" - - - - *kuuĺ haɟ *kuĺ- - *kåjkə *-ðʲk-. F. *koljoi ← Gmc
""
""
West *o_a, Mari *ʊ, East *ë (P ambiguous)
"man, male animal" *ko/?ira(s) - - - K. kɨr here *kɤɤr *kaar *kora *kojra ← *koji-ra
"duck" *so/õtka *čoaðkē *śulgə *šooe *šuul - *sɤɤĺ *saaj - *ś-l → *ś-ĺ in Ug.
"ware"' *os-ta-
"to buy"
*oasē - *wʊža *vuuz - *wɤɤtaa - - ← IE *wosā; Ms via II?
"to peel" - - - *kʊðaša- *kuuĺ- - *kɤɤĺ- - -
"to take, to pluck" *vo/õtta- - - - U. vɨt- ~ K. vot- - *wɤɤt- - -
TBS
"lid" *kanci *koamtē *kundə *komdəš K. kud - - - -
"soft" - *loančē - "lënzë-" - laaɟ *lanćəŋ *loonćə -
"cleft" *kolo *koalō - - *kwåål- halok *kal *kååɭ - FS possibly ← Gmc
"slave" *orja *oarjē *uŕɜ - U. war ~ K. ver - - - -
"vessel" F. purnu *pōrnē - - U. bɤrńo
~ K. burńa
- - - -
"stick" *sompa *soampē - šo/umba? K. *zɨb - - - - F. ← S. ← II?
"dung" *sonta - - *šandə U. zud "mud" - - - -
"wild; animal" - - - - K. vɤj - *wuj *waajəɣ -
"pig" *po/õrsas - *purćis - *påårś - - - - ← IE
"to prick" F. tokkaa- - - Hi. loɣe- - ɟak- - - -
"small fly" - - - *lʊmej U. ĺum - *ĺaaməj - -
"shallow; to dry" - *coakē- - - - - - - Sk. ča/ëkka-
"thick; many" - - - *čaka(-ta) K. čɤk šok *šaw - - Ug. cf. Turkic *čok
"yellow" - - *ťuža - U. čuž - - - - Fairly bad
"1000" - - - - *śuurs - *šåtər- *ćorəs ← II *ǵʰasra, independantly?
""